Fertility & birth rates in Ethiopia and Mali

Fertility rate in Ethiopia vs Mali by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Mali

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Ethiopia	Mali
2023	3.99	5.61
2022	4.08	5.69
2021	4.18	5.78
2020	4.27	5.85
2019	4.35	5.89
2018	4.37	6.12
2017	4.4	6.25
2016	4.47	6.32
2015	4.53	6.39
2014	4.61	6.44
2013	4.71	6.49
2012	4.89	6.52
2011	5.08	6.55
2010	5.28	6.58
2009	5.49	6.59
2008	5.7	6.62
2007	5.89	6.65
2006	6.05	6.68
2005	6.19	6.71
2004	6.3	6.74
2003	6.4	6.78
2002	6.5	6.82
2001	6.58	6.85
2000	6.65	6.89
1999	6.72	6.91
1998	6.79	6.94
1997	6.87	6.97
1996	6.93	7.01
1995	7	7.05
1994	7.05	7.12
1993	7.09	7.18
1992	7.13	7.24
1991	7.16	7.28
1990	7.2	7.31
1989	7.23	7.33
1988	7.26	7.32
1987	7.29	7.31
1986	7.32	7.31
1985	7.34	7.26
1984	7.36	7.26
1983	7.35	7.28
1982	7.34	7.32
1981	7.31	7.37
1980	7.29	7.37
1979	7.25	7.35
1978	7.23	7.32
1977	7.19	7.3
1976	7.13	7.27
1975	7.08	7.25
1974	7.02	7.23
1973	6.96	7.22
1972	6.9	7.22
1971	6.84	7.2
1970	6.78	7.18
1969	6.72	7.18
1968	6.7	7.16
1967	6.68	7.14
1966	6.66	7.11
1965	6.63	7.08
1964	6.61	7.06
1963	6.59	7.05
1962	6.56	7.04
1961	6.53	7.03
1960	6.51	7.02

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ethiopia was 3.99 children per woman in 2023, compared to 5.61 in Mali in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ethiopia vs Mali population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Mali

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Ethiopia	Mali
2023	3,338,649	746,398
2022	3,300,114	726,465
2021	3,204,673	703,674
2020	3,199,718	683,053
2019	3,132,780	667,110
2018	3,015,231	670,723
2017	2,899,143	661,973
2016	2,809,889	645,652
2015	2,713,529	630,006
2014	2,623,647	614,419
2013	2,546,020	597,887
2012	2,533,398	588,748
2011	2,527,811	570,899
2010	2,498,048	554,447
2009	2,467,118	533,730
2008	2,465,283	514,665
2007	2,436,753	495,800
2006	2,393,585	477,665
2005	2,353,375	460,964
2004	2,296,999	439,717
2003	2,231,223	417,766
2002	2,189,683	396,732
2001	2,137,791	376,472
2000	2,083,622	359,159
1999	2,010,987	343,705
1998	1,984,989	323,940
1997	1,945,112	308,429
1996	1,896,364	293,953
1995	1,831,068	285,598
1994	1,788,133	282,356
1993	1,734,851	274,480
1992	1,673,839	267,605
1991	1,579,416	261,656
1990	1,479,663	252,308
1989	1,441,769	249,929
1988	1,393,356	245,682
1987	1,356,853	238,871
1986	1,050,277	233,799
1985	997,050	224,734
1984	920,670	218,078
1983	863,472	211,795
1982	1,080,853	204,892
1981	1,018,838	198,227
1980	1,007,516	190,560
1979	987,203	182,449
1978	943,388	172,652
1977	929,381	165,071
1976	899,577	157,778
1975	801,425	150,222
1974	777,306	142,448
1973	807,535	135,801
1972	779,808	129,687
1971	787,047	123,591
1970	760,821	118,952
1969	736,428	114,361
1968	715,602	111,403
1967	695,283	107,650
1966	616,281	103,684
1965	642,359	100,451
1964	618,667	97,166
1963	590,998	95,055
1962	563,650	93,101
1961	538,518	91,115
1960	511,694	88,802

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.59% in Ethiopia and +3.14% in Mali.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.64% in Ethiopia and +3.25% in Mali.

Birth rate in Ethiopia vs Mali by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Mali

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Ethiopia	Mali
2023	31.9	40
2022	32.4	40.3
2021	32.9	40.7
2020	33.3	41
2019	33.5	41.1
2018	33.4	42.6
2017	33.2	43.4
2016	33.3	43.9
2015	33.3	44.5
2014	33.4	45
2013	33.6	45.5
2012	34.6	46.3
2011	35.7	46.5
2010	36.6	46.9
2009	37.5	47
2008	38.9	47.2
2007	40.1	47.4
2006	41.1	47.6
2005	42.1	47.9
2004	42.7	47.8
2003	43.3	47.6
2002	44.3	47.3
2001	45	47.1
2000	45.6	47.1
1999	46.4	47
1998	47	46.4
1997	47.9	46.1
1996	48.6	45.8
1995	49	45.9
1994	49.6	46.5
1993	50.1	46.7
1992	50.4	46.9
1991	50.2	47.2
1990	50.8	47
1989	50.8	47.7
1988	50.9	48.2
1987	51.2	48.4
1986	51.5	48.8
1985	51.6	48.8
1984	51.4	49
1983	51.1	49.4
1982	50.8	50
1981	50.3	50.4
1980	51.4	50.6
1979	51.3	50.7
1978	51	50.4
1977	51.2	50.5
1976	50.7	50.6
1975	50.6	50.6
1974	50.4	50.5
1973	50.1	50.5
1972	50	50.4
1971	49.9	50.5
1970	49.7	50.4
1969	49.6	50.5
1968	49.5	50.6
1967	49.6	50.6
1966	49.5	50.6
1965	49.3	50.5
1964	49	50.5
1963	48.7	50.6
1962	48.5	50.7
1961	48.1	50.8
1960	47.9	50.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 31.9 in Ethiopia and 40 in Mali, compared with 47.9 and 50.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Factual

UN forecast

Mali

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Ethiopia	Mali
2100	19.2%	22.4%
2099	19.4%	22.6%
2098	19.5%	22.8%
2097	19.6%	23%
2096	19.8%	23.1%
2095	19.9%	23.3%
2094	20.1%	23.5%
2093	20.2%	23.7%
2092	20.4%	23.9%
2091	20.5%	24.1%
2090	20.7%	24.3%
2089	20.9%	24.5%
2088	21%	24.8%
2087	21.2%	25%
2086	21.4%	25.2%
2085	21.5%	25.5%
2084	21.7%	25.7%
2083	21.9%	25.9%
2082	22.1%	26.2%
2081	22.3%	26.5%
2080	22.5%	26.7%
2079	22.6%	27%
2078	22.8%	27.3%
2077	23.1%	27.6%
2076	23.3%	27.9%
2075	23.5%	28.1%
2074	23.7%	28.4%
2073	23.9%	28.7%
2072	24.2%	29%
2071	24.4%	29.3%
2070	24.7%	29.6%
2069	24.9%	30%
2068	25.2%	30.3%
2067	25.4%	30.6%
2066	25.7%	30.9%
2065	26%	31.2%
2064	26.2%	31.6%
2063	26.5%	31.9%
2062	26.8%	32.2%
2061	27.1%	32.6%
2060	27.4%	33%
2059	27.6%	33.3%
2058	27.9%	33.7%
2057	28.2%	34.1%
2056	28.5%	34.4%
2055	28.8%	34.8%
2054	29%	35.2%
2053	29.3%	35.7%
2052	29.6%	36.1%
2051	29.9%	36.5%
2050	30.2%	36.9%
2049	30.5%	37.3%
2048	30.8%	37.8%
2047	31.1%	38.2%
2046	31.5%	38.6%
2045	31.9%	39%
2044	32.2%	39.4%
2043	32.6%	39.8%
2042	33%	40.2%
2041	33.4%	40.6%
2040	33.8%	41%
2039	34.3%	41.3%
2038	34.7%	41.6%
2037	35.1%	42%
2036	35.6%	42.3%
2035	36%	42.6%
2034	36.5%	42.9%
2033	36.8%	43.2%
2032	37.2%	43.5%
2031	37.5%	43.9%
2030	37.7%	44.2%
2029	37.9%	44.5%
2028	38.2%	44.9%
2027	38.4%	45.3%
2026	38.6%	45.6%
2025	38.9%	46%
2024	39.1%	46.1%
2023	39.4%	46.5%
2022	39.7%	46.8%
2021	40.1%	47%
2020	40.5%	47.3%
2019	40.9%	47.6%
2018	41.3%	47.8%
2017	41.8%	47.9%
2016	42.3%	48%
2015	42.9%	48%
2014	43.4%	48%
2013	44%	47.9%
2012	44.6%	47.6%
2011	45.2%	47.3%
2010	45.7%	47.1%
2009	46.2%	46.9%
2008	46.6%	46.8%
2007	46.9%	46.6%
2006	47.2%	46.5%
2005	47.4%	46.4%
2004	47.6%	46.4%
2003	47.7%	46.4%
2002	47.8%	46.4%
2001	47.8%	46.5%
2000	47.7%	46.6%
1999	47.6%	46.7%
1998	47.4%	46.8%
1997	47.1%	47%
1996	46.9%	47%
1995	46.7%	47.1%
1994	46.5%	47.1%
1993	46.4%	47.1%
1992	46.2%	47.1%
1991	46.2%	47%
1990	46.2%	46.8%
1989	46.1%	46.7%
1988	46%	46.4%
1987	46%	46%
1986	46%	45.7%
1985	46.1%	45.3%
1984	46.2%	45%
1983	46.4%	44.7%
1982	46.5%	44.5%
1981	46.4%	44.2%
1980	46.3%	43.9%
1979	46.2%	43.6%
1978	46.1%	43.2%
1977	45.9%	43%
1976	45.7%	42.7%
1975	45.6%	42.4%
1974	45.4%	42.1%
1973	45.2%	41.9%
1972	44.9%	41.7%
1971	44.5%	41.5%
1970	44.2%	41.3%
1969	43.8%	41.2%
1968	43.5%	41%
1967	43.2%	40.9%
1966	42.9%	40.8%
1965	42.5%	40.7%
1964	42.3%	40.6%
1963	42.2%	40.5%
1962	42.1%	40.4%
1961	42.2%	40.4%
1960	42.2%	40.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.1% of the population in Ethiopia and 46.1% in Mali in 2024, compared to 46.2% and 46.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ethiopia and Mali compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Ethiopia vs Mali

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Mali

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Ethiopia	Mali
2023	195	367
2022	207	381
2021	250	415
2020	244	405
2019	269	416
2018	297	434
2017	327	453
2016	364	472
2015	401	490
2014	444	507
2013	494	525
2012	545	549
2011	588	553
2010	619	558
2009	649	565
2008	678	573
2007	704	574
2006	729	568
2005	754	577
2004	764	592
2003	797	616
2002	826	649
2001	856	694
2000	870	741
1999	901	749
1998	911	781
1997	957	820
1996	1,008	875
1995	1,060	895
1994	1,113	935
1993	1,168	988
1992	1,218	1,024
1991	1,239	1,063
1990	1,320	1,087
1989	1,296	1,106
1988	1,306	1,128
1987	1,289	1,142
1986	1,317	1,184
1985	1,329	1,217

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 195 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ethiopia, compared to 367 deaths in Mali.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Mali

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Ethiopia	Mali
2023	4.65%	9.13%
2022	4.82%	9.4%
2021	5%	9.69%
2020	5.2%	10%
2019	5.41%	10.3%
2018	5.64%	10.6%
2017	5.89%	10.9%
2016	6.17%	11.2%
2015	6.49%	11.6%
2014	6.82%	11.9%
2013	7.16%	12.2%
2012	7.53%	12.6%
2011	7.91%	13%
2010	8.32%	13.4%
2009	8.76%	13.8%
2008	9.23%	14.3%
2007	9.74%	14.7%
2006	10.3%	15.2%
2005	10.9%	15.7%
2004	11.5%	16.3%
2003	12.1%	16.9%
2002	12.8%	17.5%
2001	13.4%	18.2%
2000	14%	18.8%
1999	14.7%	19.4%
1998	15.3%	19.9%
1997	15.9%	20.4%
1996	16.6%	20.8%
1995	17.2%	21.2%
1994	17.9%	21.5%
1993	18.5%	21.9%
1992	19.1%	22.3%
1991	19.7%	22.7%
1990	20.2%	23.1%
1989	20.6%	23.6%
1988	21%	24.2%
1987	21.5%	24.8%
1986	29.7%	25.4%
1985	30.3%	26.1%
1984	31.4%	26.9%
1983	32%	27.7%
1982	23.5%	28.5%
1981	23.8%	29.3%
1980	24%	30.2%
1979	24.2%	31%
1978	24.4%	31.8%
1977	24.5%	32.7%
1976	24.5%	33.6%
1975	28.2%	34.4%
1974	28.3%	35.2%
1973	24.6%	36%
1972	24.7%	36.7%
1971	24.7%	37.3%
1970	24.7%	38%
1969	24.8%	38.6%
1968	24.8%	39.2%
1967	24.9%	39.8%
1966	27.8%	40.5%
1965	-	41.2%
1964	-	41.9%
1963	-	42.6%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.65% in Ethiopia and 9.13% in Mali. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.