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Economy of Japan vs Suriname compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Japan has a GDP of $4.44T compared to $4.52B for Suriname, ranking 4/197 and 165/197 by economy size, respectively.

Japan has $9.16T in government debt (206.5% of GDP), compared to $4.79B (105.8% of GDP) in Suriname.

Japan vs Suriname GDP by year

Japan
Suriname
1x
Year GDP, current $
Japan Suriname
2025 $4,435,162,999,977 $4,523,657,797
2024 $4,190,008,188,359 $4,416,775,113
2023 $4,384,854,269,962 $3,472,693,412
2022 $4,447,976,207,315 $3,791,603,200
2021 $5,225,933,520,753 $3,107,923,198
2020 $5,189,197,543,645 $2,911,807,496
2019 $5,245,755,000,479 $4,016,040,575
2018 $5,154,293,721,630 $3,996,198,867
2017 $5,038,231,631,661 $3,591,679,431
2016 $5,110,357,383,254 $3,317,421,648
2015 $4,534,438,580,495 $5,126,237,646
2014 $4,985,763,289,561 $5,240,606,061
2013 $5,272,297,037,397 $5,145,757,576
2012 $6,333,803,928,788 $4,980,000,000
2011 $6,279,422,550,219 $4,422,276,622
2010 $5,811,578,109,447 $4,368,370,998
2009 $5,336,765,697,589 $3,875,409,836
2008 $5,160,197,175,876 $3,532,969,035
2007 $4,624,670,179,655 $2,936,612,022
2006 $4,648,058,930,707 $2,626,380,435
2005 $4,875,648,486,366 $1,793,410,397
2004 $4,941,485,123,807 $1,484,092,538
2003 $4,573,413,206,709 $1,274,190,311
2002 $4,245,946,980,572 $1,093,574,468
2001 $4,438,792,748,062 $834,279,358
2000 $5,042,381,838,343 $947,671,970
1999 $4,688,983,449,627 $886,290,698
1998 $4,150,359,076,370 $1,110,850,000
1997 $4,579,780,793,432 $926,422,500
1996 $5,021,441,618,840 $861,372,806
1995 $5,639,649,753,986 $691,590,498
1994 $5,104,063,486,348 $605,492,537
1993 $4,632,480,515,091 $428,764,706
1992 $4,064,529,567,505 $404,600,000
1991 $3,724,887,648,862 $448,100,000
1990 $3,252,994,239,867 $388,400,000
1989 $3,174,934,735,896 $542,600,000
1988 $3,191,546,727,316 $1,161,000,000
1987 $2,635,094,473,494 $980,000,000
1986 $2,164,729,071,349 $891,000,000
1985 $1,457,070,301,468 $873,000,000
1984 $1,374,165,212,365 $864,000,000
1983 $1,297,622,008,229 $883,500,000
1982 $1,183,132,285,328 $915,000,000
1981 $1,271,443,597,067 $889,000,000
1980 $1,153,159,955,513 $795,000,000
1979 $1,100,608,979,757 $782,500,000
1978 $1,057,419,758,047 $735,500,000
1977 $752,590,681,822 $641,500,000
1976 $611,495,350,304 $505,500,000
1975 $544,082,569,364 $465,500,000
1974 $500,355,087,138 $409,850,000
1973 $450,756,970,744 $339,450,000
1972 $331,776,379,992 $311,950,000
1971 $250,530,994,765 $301,000,000
1970 $221,798,003,144 $274,900,000
1969 $188,179,852,753 $259,650,000
1968 $160,201,483,788 $241,350,000
1967 $135,265,319,098 $220,700,000
1966 $115,427,351,851 $190,350,000
1965 $99,387,878,008 $154,150,000
1964 $89,332,989,729 $134,400,000
1963 $75,945,582,324 $125,950,000
1962 $66,356,388,224 $116,150,000
1961 $58,472,696,006 $107,700,000
1960 $48,417,804,545 $99,650,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/suriname | CC BY

GDP per capita in Japan vs Suriname by year

Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Suriname
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Japan Suriname
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $35,951 - $7,070 -
2024 $33,797 $52,039 $6,962 $21,801
2023 $35,215 $50,662 $5,522 $21,110
2022 $35,548 $47,192 $6,084 $20,079
2021 $41,581 $44,355 $5,030 $18,458
2020 $41,099 $42,426 $4,755 $16,947
2019 $41,425 $42,678 $6,630 $19,772
2018 $40,645 $42,142 $6,666 $17,855
2017 $39,680 $41,444 $6,050 $17,568
2016 $40,215 $40,597 $5,644 $14,475
2015 $35,665 $40,899 $8,814 $16,544
2014 $39,173 $39,555 $9,108 $16,598
2013 $41,369 $39,402 $9,043 $16,173
2012 $49,627 $37,606 $8,851 $15,185
2011 $49,122 $36,214 $7,950 $13,926
2010 $45,378 $35,336 $7,944 $13,039
2009 $41,678 $33,543 $7,130 $12,393
2008 $40,294 $35,274 $6,576 $12,097
2007 $36,130 $35,015 $5,530 $11,530
2006 $36,354 $33,632 $5,003 $10,803
2005 $38,159 $32,170 $3,453 $10,014
2004 $38,678 $30,832 $2,888 $9,389
2003 $35,809 $29,392 $2,516 $8,552
2002 $33,316 $28,624 $2,202 $8,046
2001 $34,910 $27,943 $1,715 $7,865
2000 $39,753 $27,288 $1,988 $7,535
1999 $37,029 $25,736 $1,898 $7,367
1998 $32,835 $25,508 $2,429 $7,521
1997 $36,331 $25,619 $2,068 $7,422
1996 $39,930 $24,999 $1,963 $7,048
1995 $44,947 $23,858 $1,610 $7,000
1994 $40,774 $22,823 $1,434 $6,973
1993 $37,111 $22,168 $1,022 $6,650
1992 $32,667 $21,825 $969 $6,992
1991 $30,048 $21,227 $1,080 $6,852
1990 $26,345 $19,912 $942 $6,493
1989 $25,798 - $1,329 -
1988 $26,037 - $2,886 -
1987 $21,587 - $2,469 -
1986 $17,819 - $2,271 -
1985 $12,058 - $2,256 -
1984 $11,443 - $2,261 -
1983 $10,876 - $2,333 -
1982 $9,986 - $2,430 -
1981 $10,806 - $2,368 -
1980 $9,872 - $2,118 -
1979 $9,497 - $2,072 -
1978 $9,202 - $1,928 -
1977 $6,609 - $1,666 -
1976 $5,422 - $1,302 -
1975 $4,876 - $1,190 -
1974 $4,542 - $1,041 -
1973 $4,147 - $858 -
1972 $3,095 - $785 -
1971 $2,370 - $768 -
1970 $2,145 - $724 -
1969 $1,841 - $708 -
1968 $1,586 - $681 -
1967 $1,354 - $644 -
1966 $1,168 - $575 -
1965 $1,015 - $482 -
1964 $922 - $435 -
1963 $792 - $424 -
1962 $699 - $409 -
1961 $622 - $395 -
1960 $519 - $378 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/suriname | CC BY

Japan's GDP per capita is $35,951, ranking 34/197, compared to $7,070 in Suriname, ranking 104/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Japan ranks 41st at $52,039, while Suriname ranks 89th at $21,801.

Economic indicators

Japan Suriname
Gross domestic product
$4.44T
2025
$4.52B
2025
GDP rank
4/197
2025
165/197
2025
GDP growth
1.19%
2024-2025
1.79%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$35,951
2025
$7,070
2025
GDP per capita rank
34/197
2025
104/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$52,039
2024
$21,801
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
41/197
2024
89/197
2024
Government debt
$9.16T
2025
$4.79B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
206.5%
2025
105.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$74,248
2025
$7,483
2025
Government debt per person rank
3/185
2025
69/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$22,962
2026
$3,363
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$7.61T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,902,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
41
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.3%
2020
30.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2020
2.2%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.9%
2025
37.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.17%
2024-2025
9.21%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
0.75%
2025
10%
2013
Unemployment rate
2.5%
2025
7.92%
2016
Population
122704252
648096

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Japan
Spending

Debt
Suriname
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Japan Suriname
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 36.9% 206.5% 37.3% 105.8%
2024 37.3% 214.5% 29.3% 88%
2023 37.8% 220.3% 28.9% 97.7%
2022 40.2% 227.8% 28.2% 111.7%
2021 41.3% 222.7% 32% 115.8%
2020 43.6% 228.8% 30.2% 146.4%
2019 36.4% 206.3% 40.5% 84%
2018 36% 203.7% 29.5% 68.6%
2017 35.9% 203.1% 28.7% 73%
2016 36.5% 202.1% 27.9% 75.4%
2015 36.6% 200.1% 29.9% 41.2%
2014 37.8% 203.6% 25.2% 25.2%
2013 38.4% 201.2% 26.2% 27.9%
2012 38.4% 197.1% 25.1% 20.1%
2011 38.4% 190.6% 21% 18.7%
2010 37.4% 178.6% 21% 17.3%
2009 38.3% 172.9% 24% 14.6%
2008 33.7% 153.6% 20.5% 14.8%
2007 32.8% 150.4% 22.6% 16.4%
2006 32.7% 152.1% 22.2% 22.5%
2005 33.2% 153.4% 22.2% 27.1%
2004 33.3% 148.8% 20.8% 29.4%
2003 34.6% 140.2% 19.2% 31.5%
2002 34.9% 134.6% 22.2% 37.4%
2001 34.7% 126.8% 21.8% 37.2%
2000 35.4% 118.5% 24.4% 48.4%
1999 35.2% 113.5% 19.6% 32.3%
1998 38.1% 101.6% 30.3% 21.6%
1997 32.4% 91.3% 21.1% 16.8%
1996 33.1% 85.3% 21.4% 11.8%
1995 32.8% 80.7% 20.2% 16.3%
1994 32.1% 73.3% 19.8% 30.5%
1993 31.4% 63.2% 21.2% 51.1%
1992 29.6% 57.9% 24.4% 64.4%
1991 28.6% 54.1% 26.6% 75.7%
1990 28.8% 54.8% 22.7% 72.9%
1989 29.2% 65.7% - -
1988 29.9% 71.9% - -
1987 30.6% 75.8% - -
1986 30.4% 74.1% - -
1985 30.4% 68.3% - -
1984 31.2% 65.6% - -
1983 31.8% 63.5% - -
1982 31.7% 57.7% - -
1981 31.5% 52.8% - -
1980 33.5% 47.8% - -
1979 33.2% 43.8% - -
1978 32.1% 39% - -
1977 30.4% 31.1% - -
1976 29.1% 26.1% - -
1975 28.5% 20.9% - -
1974 25.5% 16.7% - -
1973 23.3% 15.9% - -
1972 23.1% 16.3% - -
1971 21.8% 12.6% - -
1970 20.2% 11.2% - -
1969 19.8% 11.4% - -
1968 20.1% 11.8% - -
1967 19.9% 11.4% - -
1966 20.8% 11.2% - -
1965 20.4% 9.78% - -
1964 19.8% 8.53% - -
1963 20% 8.66% - -
1962 19.4% 9.01% - -
1961 18.2% 8.44% - -
1960 18.4% 10.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/suriname | CC BY

In 2025, Japan's government spending was $1.63T, accounting for 36.9% of its GDP, while Suriname spent $1.69B, or 37.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 206.5% in Japan and 105.8% in Suriname, ranking 3/185 and 18/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Japan

Suriname
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Japan Suriname
2025 -1.05% -9.61%
2024 -1.67% -3.36%
2023 -2.39% -1.67%
2022 -4.23% -2.57%
2021 -6.32% -5.66%
2020 -9.04% -12%
2019 -3.05% -20.2%
2018 -2.44% -8.56%
2017 -3.05% -8.62%
2016 -3.58% -10.2%
2015 -3.64% -8.29%
2014 -5.58% -2.65%
2013 -7.62% -2.64%
2012 -8.22% -0.38%
2011 -9.02% 2.32%
2010 -9.05% -0.15%
2009 -9.62% 2.03%
2008 -4.07% 2.39%
2007 -2.86% 5.01%
2006 -3% 0.59%
2005 -4.39% -3.39%
2004 -5.26% -1.2%
2003 -7.35% -0.11%
2002 -7.22% -3.3%
2001 -6.11% 3.49%
2000 -7.17% -7.76%
1999 -6.68% -4.92%
1998 -9.91% -6.39%
1997 -3.44% -0.32%
1996 -4.75% 3.42%
1995 -4.22% 1.17%
1994 -3.7% -1.89%
1993 -2.34% -4.68%
1992 0.56% -6.45%
1991 1.64% -9.8%
1990 1.91% -3.04%
1989 1.23% -
1988 0.49% -
1987 -0.36% -
1986 -1.36% -
1985 -1.37% -
1984 -2.62% -
1983 -3.95% -
1982 -3.81% -
1981 -3.85% -
1980 -4.66% -
1979 -5% -
1978 -5.79% -
1977 -4.02% -
1976 -3.89% -
1975 -2.92% -
1974 0.38% -
1973 0.56% -
1972 -0.13% -
1971 1.21% -
1970 1.74% -
1969 1.26% -
1968 0.88% -
1967 0.8% -
1966 -0.34% -
1965 0.48% -
1964 0.85% -
1963 1.08% -
1962 1.49% -
1961 2.58% -
1960 1.85% -
1959 0.97% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 1.27% -
1956 1.39% -
1955 -0.67% -
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.65% -
1952 2.22% -
1951 5.06% -
1950 6.99% -
1949 12.5% -
1948 7.53% -
1947 6.09% -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 0.32% -
1942 -0.13% -
1941 -0.19% -
1940 0.31% -
1939 0.11% -
1938 0.45% -
1937 0.71% -
1936 0.34% -
1935 0.26% -
1934 0.34% -
1933 0.28% -
1932 0.31% -
1931 0.23% -
1930 0.19% -
1929 0.5% -
1928 0.42% -
1927 0.58% -
1926 0.65% -
1925 0.75% -
1924 0.84% -
1923 0.87% -
1922 0.89% -
1921 1.43% -
1920 1.19% -
1919 1.21% -
1918 1.58% -
1917 1.54% -
1916 1.37% -
1915 1.41% -
1914 1.31% -
1913 1.21% -
1912 1.27% -
1911 1.21% -
1910 1.57% -
1909 1.51% -
1908 1.63% -
1907 1.77% -
1906 0.46% -
1905 -0.68% -
1904 -0.81% -
1903 0.19% -
1902 0.44% -
1901 0.21% -
1900 0.53% -
1899 0.2% -
1898 0.6% -
1897 0.33% -
1896 0.88% -
1895 0.28% -
1894 -0.24% -
1893 0.6% -
1892 0.63% -
1891 0.61% -
1890 0.74% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 0.13% -
1887 0.11% -
1886 0.03% -
1885 0.01% -
1884 0.001% -
1883 0.03% -
1882 0.001% -
1881 0.001% -
1880 0.004% -
1879 0.02% -
1878 0.02% -
1877 -0.29% -
1876 -0.42% -
1875 0.005% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/suriname | CC BY

In 2025, Japan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $46.7B, equivalent to 1.05% of GDP. This compares to Suriname's deficit of $435M, or 9.61% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Japan recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Suriname ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Japan posted an annual deficit equal to 4.66% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.59% of GDP for Suriname.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Japan

Suriname
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Japan Suriname
2025 3.17% 9.21%
2024 2.74% 16.2%
2023 3.27% 51.6%
2022 2.5% 52.4%
2021 -0.23% 59.1%
2020 -0.02% 34.9%
2019 0.47% -
2018 0.99% -
2017 0.48% 22%
2016 -0.13% 55.4%
2015 0.8% 6.89%
2014 2.76% 3.38%
2013 0.34% 1.92%
2012 -0.04% 5.01%
2011 -0.27% 17.7%
2010 -0.73% 6.94%
2009 -1.35% -0.13%
2008 1.38% 14.7%
2007 0.06% 6.43%
2006 0.25% 11.3%
2005 -0.28% 9.9%
2004 -0.009% 9.99%
2003 -0.26% 23%
2002 -0.92% 15.5%
2001 -0.74% 38.6%
2000 -0.68% 59.4%
1999 -0.34% 98.8%
1998 0.66% 19%
1997 1.75% 7.15%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/suriname | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Japan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.54%, compared with 24.3% in Suriname. In 2025, inflation was 3.17% in Japan and 9.21% in Suriname.

Top exports between countries

Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $108M
Miscellaneous $7.3M
Raw materials & minerals $5.02M
Textiles & consumer goods $288K
Chemicals & pharma $66K
Animal & marine products $64K
Raw agricultural goods $35K
Metals $26K
Wood & paper products $4K
Suriname
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $1.83M
Machinery & equipment $382K
Textiles & consumer goods $17K
Wood & paper products $13K
Raw materials & minerals $7K
Metals $5K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3K

Balance of trade

Japan Suriname
Current account balance
$216B
2025
-$2.48B
2025
Current account balance ranking
3/190
2025
146/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+4.86%
2025
-54.9%
2025
Goods imports
$729B
2025
$1.91B
2025
Goods exports
$725B
2025
$2.97B
2025
Service imports
$269B
2025
$3.59B
2025
Service exports
$246B
2025
$218M
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.9%
2024
38.4%
2010
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22%
2024
52.5%
2010

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Japan Suriname
Economic freedom 70.3 53
Economic freedom ranking 36/197 143/197
Property rights 94.2 40.5
Government integrity 81.1 41
Judicial effectiveness 97.9 46.5
Tax burden 63 69.1
Government spending 52 74.3
Fiscal health 41.7 76.6
Business freedom 77.8 56.9
Labor freedom 65.9 69
Monetary freedom 74.3 56.4
Trade freedom 76.2 65.2
Investment freedom 60 20
Financial freedom 60 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Japan
Suriname
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Japan Suriname
2026 70.3 53
2025 70.2 50.9
2024 67.5 46.7
2023 69.3 46.1
2022 69.9 48.1
2021 74.1 46.4
2020 73.3 49.5
2019 72.1 48.1
2018 72.3 48.1
2017 69.6 48
2016 73.1 53.8
2015 73.3 54.2
2014 72.4 54.2
2013 71.8 52
2012 71.6 52.6
2011 72.8 53.1
2010 72.9 52.5
2009 72.8 54.1
2008 73 54.3
2007 72.7 54.8
2006 73.3 55.1
2005 67.3 51.9
2004 64.3 47.9
2003 67.6 46.9
2002 66.7 48
2001 70.9 44.3
2000 70.7 45.8
1999 69.1 40.1
1998 70.2 39.9
1997 70.3 35.9
1996 72.6 36.7
1995 75 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/suriname | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Japan is 70.3, ranking 36/197, compared to 53 for Suriname, ranking 143/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Japan Suriname
Services, % of GDP
71.4%
2024
50.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
35.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.96%
2024
6.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$4.73T
2025
$3.93B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$58,920
2025
$21,000
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.37T
2025
$1.62B
2025
Total reserves ranking
3/177
2025
132/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$172B
2025
-$2.04B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.9B
2024
$666M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$207B
2024
-$9.05M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
20.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.1%
2020
70%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27.7%
2024
36.2%
2010

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.