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Economy of Italy vs Suriname compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Italy has a GDP of $2.38T compared to $4.42B for Suriname, ranking 8/197 and 164/197 by economy size, respectively.

Italy has $3.22T in government debt (135.3% of GDP), compared to $3.86B (87.3% of GDP) in Suriname.

Italy vs Suriname GDP by year

Italy
Suriname
1x
Year GDP, current $
Italy Suriname
2024 $2,380,825,077,244 $4,416,775,112
2023 $2,316,727,999,333 $3,472,693,412
2022 $2,104,067,630,319 $3,791,603,200
2021 $2,179,207,773,596 $3,107,923,198
2020 $1,907,481,094,079 $2,911,807,496
2019 $2,019,606,796,584 $4,016,040,575
2018 $2,099,435,266,459 $3,996,198,867
2017 $1,970,720,904,585 $3,591,679,431
2016 $1,887,111,188,177 $3,317,421,648
2015 $1,845,428,048,839 $5,126,237,646
2014 $2,173,255,507,986 $5,240,606,061
2013 $2,153,225,581,941 $5,145,757,576
2012 $2,097,929,495,122 $4,980,000,000
2011 $2,306,974,020,278 $4,422,276,622
2010 $2,144,936,254,535 $4,368,370,998
2009 $2,209,484,319,013 $3,875,409,836
2008 $2,417,508,414,187 $3,532,969,035
2007 $2,222,524,108,128 $2,936,612,022
2006 $1,958,563,654,386 $2,626,380,435
2005 $1,864,982,261,287 $1,793,410,397
2004 $1,812,808,753,295 $1,484,092,538
2003 $1,582,930,016,539 $1,274,190,311
2002 $1,281,746,271,196 $1,093,574,468
2001 $1,172,041,488,806 $834,279,358
2000 $1,149,661,363,439 $947,671,970
1999 $1,255,004,736,464 $886,290,698
1998 $1,272,729,786,997 $1,110,850,000
1997 $1,244,988,176,444 $926,422,500
1996 $1,314,776,508,972 $861,372,806
1995 $1,177,369,428,266 $691,590,498
1994 $1,101,750,159,702 $605,492,537
1993 $1,067,412,587,671 $428,764,706
1992 $1,323,204,350,354 $404,600,000
1991 $1,249,092,439,519 $448,100,000
1990 $1,183,945,130,899 $388,400,000
1989 $930,801,709,004 $542,600,000
1988 $893,663,934,841 $1,161,000,000
1987 $807,570,134,449 $980,000,000
1986 $641,862,313,287 $891,000,000
1985 $453,259,761,687 $873,000,000
1984 $438,896,930,791 $864,000,000
1983 $444,063,496,940 $883,500,000
1982 $428,257,421,618 $915,000,000
1981 $431,695,533,981 $889,000,000
1980 $478,356,755,596 $795,000,000
1979 $394,584,507,108 $782,500,000
1978 $315,784,469,541 $735,500,000
1977 $258,190,019,750 $641,500,000
1976 $225,235,205,862 $505,500,000
1975 $228,220,643,535 $465,500,000
1974 $200,024,444,775 $409,850,000
1973 $175,896,529,392 $339,450,000
1972 $145,594,833,997 $311,950,000
1971 $124,959,712,859 $301,000,000
1970 $113,656,669,765 $274,900,000
1969 $100,996,667,239 $259,650,000
1968 $91,485,448,148 $241,350,000
1967 $84,401,995,573 $220,700,000
1966 $76,622,444,787 $190,350,000
1965 $70,717,012,186 $154,150,000
1964 $65,720,771,779 $134,400,000
1963 $60,035,924,618 $125,950,000
1962 $52,413,872,628 $116,150,000
1961 $46,649,487,320 $107,700,000
1960 $42,012,422,612 $99,650,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/suriname | CC BY

GDP per capita in Italy vs Suriname by year

Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Suriname
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Italy Suriname
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $40,385 $62,014 $6,962 $21,801
2023 $39,277 $60,030 $5,522 $21,110
2022 $35,654 $57,261 $6,084 $20,079
2021 $36,853 $49,825 $5,030 $18,458
2020 $32,091 $44,436 $4,755 $16,947
2019 $33,813 $46,662 $6,630 $19,772
2018 $34,904 $43,387 $6,666 $17,855
2017 $32,844 $42,142 $6,050 $17,568
2016 $31,392 $40,483 $5,644 $14,475
2015 $30,640 $37,384 $8,814 $16,544
2014 $36,028 $36,666 $9,108 $16,598
2013 $35,702 $36,459 $9,043 $16,173
2012 $34,854 $36,281 $8,851 $15,185
2011 $38,432 $36,392 $7,950 $13,926
2010 $35,857 $34,974 $7,944 $13,039
2009 $37,100 $34,502 $7,130 $12,393
2008 $40,829 $35,422 $6,576 $12,097
2007 $37,826 $34,108 $5,530 $11,530
2006 $33,537 $32,454 $5,003 $10,803
2005 $32,063 $30,138 $3,453 $10,014
2004 $31,348 $29,581 $2,888 $9,389
2003 $27,578 $29,249 $2,516 $8,552
2002 $22,451 $28,833 $2,202 $8,046
2001 $20,570 $28,134 $1,715 $7,865
2000 $20,190 $27,152 $1,988 $7,535
1999 $22,050 $25,655 $1,898 $7,367
1998 $22,365 $25,075 $2,429 $7,521
1997 $21,884 $23,937 $2,068 $7,422
1996 $23,123 $23,101 $1,963 $7,048
1995 $20,712 $22,446 $1,610 $7,000
1994 $19,382 $21,369 $1,434 $6,973
1993 $18,782 $20,485 $1,022 $6,650
1992 $23,297 $20,196 $969 $6,992
1991 $22,007 $19,596 $1,080 $6,852
1990 $20,874 $18,680 $942 $6,493
1989 $16,424 - $1,329 -
1988 $15,781 - $2,886 -
1987 $14,268 - $2,469 -
1986 $11,341 - $2,271 -
1985 $8,009 - $2,256 -
1984 $7,758 - $2,261 -
1983 $7,851 - $2,333 -
1982 $7,574 - $2,430 -
1981 $7,640 - $2,368 -
1980 $8,476 - $2,118 -
1979 $7,006 - $2,072 -
1978 $5,623 - $1,928 -
1977 $4,614 - $1,666 -
1976 $4,042 - $1,302 -
1975 $4,116 - $1,190 -
1974 $3,629 - $1,041 -
1973 $3,213 - $858 -
1972 $2,677 - $785 -
1971 $2,311 - $768 -
1970 $2,112 - $724 -
1969 $1,886 - $708 -
1968 $1,718 - $681 -
1967 $1,595 - $644 -
1966 $1,459 - $575 -
1965 $1,357 - $482 -
1964 $1,272 - $435 -
1963 $1,171 - $424 -
1962 $1,030 - $409 -
1961 $923 - $395 -
1960 $837 - $378 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/suriname | CC BY

Italy's GDP per capita is $40,385, ranking 29/197, compared to $6,962 in Suriname, ranking 102/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Italy ranks 31st at $62,014, while Suriname ranks 89th at $21,801.

Economic indicators

Italy Suriname
Gross domestic product
$2.38T
2024
$4.42B
2024
GDP rank
8/197
2024
164/197
2024
GDP growth
0.69%
2023-2024
1.72%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$40,385
2024
$6,962
2024
GDP per capita rank
29/197
2024
102/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,014
2024
$21,801
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
31/197
2024
89/197
2024
Government debt
$3.22T
2024
$3.86B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
135.3%
2024
87.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$54,652
2024
$6,077
2024
Government debt per person rank
6/185
2024
74/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,800
2026
$3,263
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$587B
2014
n/a
Number of millionaires
1,344,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
74
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2023
30.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2023
2.2%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
50.6%
2024
29.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.98%
2023-2024
16.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
10%
2013
Unemployment rate
6.5%
2024
7.92%
2016
Population
58562681
646767

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Italy
Spending

Debt
Suriname
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Italy Suriname
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 50.6% 135.3% 29.2% 87.3%
2023 54% 134.6% 29% 98.2%
2022 54.9% 138.3% 29.5% 116.9%
2021 56% 145.8% 32% 115.8%
2020 56.8% 154.4% 30.2% 146.4%
2019 48.4% 133.9% 40.5% 84%
2018 48.3% 134.2% 29.5% 68.6%
2017 48.8% 133.7% 28.7% 73%
2016 49% 134.2% 27.9% 75.4%
2015 50.2% 134.8% 29.9% 41.2%
2014 50.7% 134.8% 25.2% 25.2%
2013 50.9% 131.9% 26.2% 27.9%
2012 50.5% 125.9% 25.1% 20.1%
2011 49% 119.1% 21% 18.7%
2010 49.8% 118.8% 21% 17.3%
2009 51.1% 116.1% 24% 14.6%
2008 47.8% 105.8% 20.5% 14.8%
2007 46.6% 103.5% 22.6% 16.4%
2006 47.6% 106.3% 22.2% 22.5%
2005 47.1% 106.2% 22.2% 27.1%
2004 46.7% 104.7% 20.8% 29.4%
2003 47% 105.1% 19.2% 31.5%
2002 46.5% 105.9% 22.2% 37.4%
2001 47.1% 108.5% 21.8% 37.2%
2000 46.4% 108.7% 24.4% 48.4%
1999 47.1% 113.1% 19.6% 32.3%
1998 48% 113.9% 30.3% 21.6%
1997 49.3% 116.5% 21.1% 16.8%
1996 51.3% 118.9% 21.4% 11.8%
1995 51.4% 119.1% 20.2% 16.3%
1994 55.1% 130.8% 19.8% 30.5%
1993 57.8% 124.1% 21.2% 51.1%
1992 56.8% 113% 24.4% 64.4%
1991 55.3% 105.3% 26.6% 75.7%
1990 54.2% 101.7% 22.7% 72.9%
1989 51.6% 91.8% - -
1988 50.4% 89.2% - -
1987 49.8% 87.4% - -
1986 50.5% 83.4% - -
1985 49.8% 79.1% - -
1984 49.1% 73.1% - -
1983 48.9% 67.8% - -
1982 46.7% 61.8% - -
1981 44.6% 57.3% - -
1980 40.8% 55.1% - -
1979 40.1% 58.9% - -
1978 40.9% 59.9% - -
1977 38.5% 56% - -
1976 38.1% 57.3% - -
1975 39.1% 57.9% - -
1974 34.8% 50.8% - -
1973 35.3% 51.1% - -
1972 36.4% 48.2% - -
1971 34.4% 42.4% - -
1970 32.3% 37.8% - -
1969 32.1% 37% - -
1968 32.6% 36.4% - -
1967 17.9% 33.3% - -
1966 19.1% 33.4% - -
1965 18.6% 28.4% - -
1964 18.2% 27.2% - -
1963 16.7% 27.2% - -
1962 17.5% 29% - -
1961 17.3% 30% - -
1960 16.5% 31.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/suriname | CC BY

In 2024, Italy's government spending was $1.2T, accounting for 50.6% of its GDP, while Suriname spent $1.29B, or 29.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 135.3% in Italy and 87.3% in Suriname, ranking 8/185 and 37/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Italy

Suriname
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Italy Suriname
2024 -3.45% -2.42%
2023 -7.24% -1.68%
2022 -8.11% -2.69%
2021 -8.88% -5.66%
2020 -9.38% -12%
2019 -1.45% -20.2%
2018 -2.19% -8.56%
2017 -2.51% -8.62%
2016 -2.4% -10.2%
2015 -2.46% -8.29%
2014 -2.82% -2.65%
2013 -2.87% -2.64%
2012 -2.99% -0.38%
2011 -3.52% 2.32%
2010 -4.16% -0.15%
2009 -5.06% 2.03%
2008 -2.58% 2.39%
2007 -1.33% 5.01%
2006 -3.61% 0.59%
2005 -4.1% -3.39%
2004 -3.46% -1.2%
2003 -3.23% -0.11%
2002 -2.88% -3.3%
2001 -3.18% 3.49%
2000 -2.42% -7.76%
1999 -1.77% -4.92%
1998 -2.99% -6.39%
1997 -2.98% -0.32%
1996 -6.61% 3.42%
1995 -7.2% 1.17%
1994 -8.84% -1.89%
1993 -9.76% -4.68%
1992 -10.1% -6.45%
1991 -11.1% -9.8%
1990 -11.1% -3.04%
1989 -11.4% -
1988 -11% -
1987 -11.5% -
1986 -12% -
1985 -12.4% -
1984 -11.5% -
1983 -10.1% -
1982 -10% -
1981 -10.9% -
1980 -6.97% -
1979 -8.23% -
1978 -8.47% -
1977 -6.96% -
1976 -7.88% -
1975 -10.3% -
1974 -6.24% -
1973 -6.36% -
1972 -6.84% -
1971 -4.71% -
1970 -3.22% -
1969 -2.85% -
1968 -2.55% -
1967 -0.97% -
1966 -1.59% -
1965 -2.67% -
1964 -2.35% -
1963 -0.3% -
1962 -0.95% -
1961 -0.57% -
1960 -0.28% -
1959 -1% -
1958 -0.98% -
1957 -1.09% -
1956 -1.46% -
1955 -2.03% -
1954 -1.84% -
1953 -2.33% -
1952 -4.08% -
1951 -3.86% -
1950 -2.42% -
1949 -2.82% -
1948 -4.58% -
1947 -6.62% -
1946 -9.82% -
1945 -16.9% -
1944 -35.1% -
1943 -16.1% -
1942 -26.9% -
1941 -25.1% -
1940 -24.3% -
1939 -9.49% -
1938 -5.97% -
1937 -5.78% -
1936 -7.93% -
1935 -9.83% -
1934 -2.5% -
1933 -4.85% -
1932 -3.06% -
1931 -2.14% -
1930 -0.55% -
1929 -0.59% -
1928 -2.09% -
1927 -1.71% -
1926 -0.09% -
1925 1.7% -
1924 1.19% -
1923 -3.21% -
1922 -11% -
1921 -7.77% -
1920 -5.89% -
1919 -11.2% -
1918 -22.7% -
1917 -27.6% -
1916 -28.2% -
1915 -25.8% -
1914 -12.4% -
1913 -0.86% -
1912 -1.86% -
1911 -0.63% -
1910 -0.32% -
1909 -0.69% -
1908 -1.31% -
1907 -0.51% -
1906 -0.69% -
1905 -1.57% -
1904 0.58% -
1903 0.32% -
1902 0.48% -
1901 0.36% -
1900 0.28% -
1899 -0.11% -
1898 -0.21% -
1897 0.009% -
1896 -0.43% -
1895 -0.69% -
1894 -0.23% -
1893 -0.49% -
1892 -0.25% -
1891 -1.41% -
1890 -0.32% -
1889 -1.32% -
1888 -2.11% -
1887 -1.94% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 0.2% -
1884 -1.46% -
1883 -0.51% -
1882 -0.5% -
1881 -0.04% -
1880 0.38% -
1879 0.73% -
1878 0.09% -
1877 -0.009% -
1876 -0.05% -
1875 0.58% -
1874 -0.08% -
1873 0.21% -
1872 0% -
1871 -0.13% -
1870 -0.82% -
1869 0.33% -
1868 -0.79% -
1867 -1.45% -
1866 -3.1% -
1865 -2.72% -
1864 -3.06% -
1863 -4.16% -
1862 -3.96% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/suriname | CC BY

In 2024, Italy's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $82B, equivalent to 3.45% of GDP. This compares to Suriname's deficit of $107M, or 2.42% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Italy recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while Suriname ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Italy posted an annual deficit equal to 4.82% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.4% of GDP for Suriname.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Italy

Suriname
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Italy Suriname
2024 0.98% 16.2%
2023 5.62% 51.6%
2022 8.2% 52.4%
2021 1.87% 59.1%
2020 -0.14% 34.9%
2019 0.61% -
2018 1.14% -
2017 1.23% 22%
2016 -0.09% 55.4%
2015 0.04% 6.89%
2014 0.24% 3.38%
2013 1.22% 1.92%
2012 3.04% 5.01%
2011 2.78% 17.7%
2010 1.53% 6.94%
2009 0.77% -0.13%
2008 3.35% 14.7%
2007 1.83% 6.43%
2006 2.09% 11.3%
2005 1.99% 9.9%
2004 2.21% 9.99%
2003 2.67% 23%
2002 2.47% 15.5%
2001 2.79% 38.6%
2000 2.54% 59.4%
1999 1.66% 98.8%
1998 1.96% 19%
1997 2.04% 7.15%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/suriname | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Italy has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.02%, compared with 24.9% in Suriname. In 2024, inflation was 0.98% in Italy and 16.2% in Suriname.

Top exports between countries

Italy
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $5.02M
Raw materials & minerals $4.07M
Metals $3.52M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.84M
Chemicals & pharma $593K
Textiles & consumer goods $543K
Weapons & explosives $507K
Wood & paper products $154K
Miscellaneous $74K
Raw agricultural goods $28K
Suriname
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.28M
Raw agricultural goods $359K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $266K
Miscellaneous $45K
Textiles & consumer goods $30K
Metals $27K
Wood & paper products $22K
Chemicals & pharma $2K

Balance of trade

Italy Suriname
Current account balance
$25.8B
2024
$9.31M
2024
Current account balance ranking
19/190
2024
76/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.08%
2024
+0.21%
2024
Goods imports
$562B
2024
$1.65B
2024
Goods exports
$621B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$921M
2024
Service exports
$155B
2024
$211M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
38.4%
2010
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.5%
2024
52.5%
2010

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Italy Suriname
Economic freedom 63.3 53
Economic freedom ranking 80/197 143/197
Property rights 84.8 40.5
Government integrity 60.8 41
Judicial effectiveness 80.9 46.5
Tax burden 57.5 69.1
Government spending 15.3 74.3
Fiscal health 17.2 76.6
Business freedom 74.5 56.9
Labor freedom 70.6 69
Monetary freedom 79.1 56.4
Trade freedom 79.4 65.2
Investment freedom 80 20
Financial freedom 60 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Italy
Suriname
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Italy Suriname
2026 63.3 53
2025 60.9 50.9
2024 60.1 46.7
2023 62.3 46.1
2022 65.4 48.1
2021 64.9 46.4
2020 63.8 49.5
2019 62.2 48.1
2018 62.5 48.1
2017 62.5 48
2016 61.2 53.8
2015 61.7 54.2
2014 60.9 54.2
2013 60.6 52
2012 58.8 52.6
2011 60.3 53.1
2010 62.7 52.5
2009 61.4 54.1
2008 62.6 54.3
2007 62.8 54.8
2006 62 55.1
2005 64.9 51.9
2004 64.2 47.9
2003 64.3 46.9
2002 63.6 48
2001 63 44.3
2000 61.9 45.8
1999 61.6 40.1
1998 59.1 39.9
1997 58.1 35.9
1996 60.8 36.7
1995 61.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/suriname | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Italy is 63.3, ranking 80/197, compared to 53 for Suriname, ranking 143/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Italy Suriname
Services, % of GDP
65%
2024
50.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
35.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2%
2024
6.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.28T
2024
$3.61B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$61,620
2024
$20,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$291B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Total reserves ranking
12/177
2024
132/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$19B
2024
$26.5M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$26.9B
2024
-$37.6M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$45.9B
2024
-$11.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
20.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.1%
2021
70%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2024
36.2%
2010

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/suriname | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.