Skip to content

Economy of Netherlands vs Suriname compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Netherlands has a GDP of $1.33T compared to $4.52B for Suriname, ranking 18/197 and 165/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Netherlands has $578B in government debt (43.3% of GDP), compared to $4.79B (105.8% of GDP) in Suriname.

Netherlands vs Suriname GDP by year

Netherlands
Suriname
1x
Year GDP, current $
Netherlands Suriname
2025 $1,332,767,651,100 $4,523,657,797
2024 $1,213,936,238,063 $4,416,775,113
2023 $1,135,475,867,551 $3,472,693,412
2022 $1,046,540,797,549 $3,791,603,200
2021 $1,054,472,123,450 $3,107,923,198
2020 $932,560,861,701 $2,911,807,496
2019 $928,903,005,576 $4,016,040,575
2018 $929,733,599,797 $3,996,198,867
2017 $848,233,537,846 $3,591,679,431
2016 $797,163,949,290 $3,317,421,648
2015 $775,743,675,303 $5,126,237,646
2014 $901,556,501,756 $5,240,606,061
2013 $883,951,539,007 $5,145,757,576
2012 $845,689,017,066 $4,980,000,000
2011 $913,140,741,333 $4,422,276,622
2010 $852,464,982,433 $4,368,370,998
2009 $878,954,223,140 $3,875,409,836
2008 $957,901,566,041 $3,532,969,035
2007 $853,499,460,873 $2,936,612,022
2006 $737,593,995,289 $2,626,380,435
2005 $688,133,699,636 $1,793,410,397
2004 $661,224,886,143 $1,484,092,538
2003 $582,435,617,082 $1,274,190,311
2002 $475,529,972,123 $1,093,574,468
2001 $432,536,219,669 $834,279,358
2000 $417,649,282,154 $947,671,970
1999 $447,778,514,140 $886,290,698
1998 $438,612,530,549 $1,110,850,000
1997 $417,506,211,882 $926,422,500
1996 $451,372,549,020 $861,372,806
1995 $452,967,334,614 $691,590,498
1994 $379,688,232,232 $605,492,537
1993 $354,070,495,966 $428,764,706
1992 $363,497,050,125 $404,600,000
1991 $327,982,316,124 $448,100,000
1990 $318,799,003,994 $388,400,000
1989 $258,716,904,292 $542,600,000
1988 $262,295,966,105 $1,161,000,000
1987 $245,406,949,521 $980,000,000
1986 $201,157,708,221 $891,000,000
1985 $144,057,523,222 $873,000,000
1984 $144,124,462,912 $864,000,000
1983 $153,671,294,109 $883,500,000
1982 $158,712,765,536 $915,000,000
1981 $164,375,775,854 $889,000,000
1980 $195,439,301,707 $795,000,000
1979 $179,933,827,310 $782,500,000
1978 $156,089,077,205 $735,500,000
1977 $127,203,923,857 $641,500,000
1976 $109,329,386,564 $505,500,000
1975 $100,397,061,694 $465,500,000
1974 $87,371,810,804 $409,850,000
1973 $71,946,639,603 $339,450,000
1972 $54,787,070,173 $311,950,000
1971 $44,644,730,576 $301,000,000
1970 $38,220,884,519 $274,900,000
1969 $34,086,038,090 $259,650,000
1968 $30,097,635,751 $241,350,000
1967 $27,143,828,099 $220,700,000
1966 $24,741,480,717 $190,350,000
1965 $22,721,869,808 $154,150,000
1964 $20,232,048,553 $134,400,000
1963 $17,193,744,109 $125,950,000
1962 $15,847,582,341 $116,150,000
1961 $14,599,836,396 $107,700,000
1960 $13,282,979,015 $99,650,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/suriname | CC BY

GDP per capita in Netherlands vs Suriname by year

Netherlands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Suriname
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Netherlands Suriname
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $73,684 - $7,070 -
2024 $67,465 $86,174 $6,962 $21,801
2023 $63,516 $81,729 $5,522 $21,110
2022 $59,123 $78,630 $6,084 $20,079
2021 $60,142 $68,574 $5,030 $18,458
2020 $53,468 $62,597 $4,755 $16,947
2019 $53,555 $62,345 $6,630 $19,772
2018 $53,955 $58,819 $6,666 $17,855
2017 $49,514 $56,038 $6,050 $17,568
2016 $46,809 $53,162 $5,644 $14,475
2015 $45,794 $50,957 $8,814 $16,544
2014 $53,457 $49,751 $9,108 $16,598
2013 $52,602 $49,622 $9,043 $16,173
2012 $50,474 $47,653 $8,851 $15,185
2011 $54,702 $47,004 $7,950 $13,926
2010 $51,306 $45,301 $7,944 $13,039
2009 $53,172 $44,959 $7,130 $12,393
2008 $58,247 $46,714 $6,576 $12,097
2007 $52,101 $44,203 $5,530 $11,530
2006 $45,124 $41,208 $5,003 $10,803
2005 $42,165 $37,778 $3,453 $10,014
2004 $40,611 $35,961 $2,888 $9,389
2003 $35,897 $34,286 $2,516 $8,552
2002 $29,447 $34,568 $2,202 $8,046
2001 $26,956 $33,259 $1,715 $7,865
2000 $26,225 $31,895 $1,988 $7,535
1999 $28,319 $29,316 $1,898 $7,367
1998 $27,924 $27,749 $2,429 $7,521
1997 $26,745 $26,062 $2,068 $7,422
1996 $29,064 $24,564 $1,963 $7,048
1995 $29,301 $23,480 $1,610 $7,000
1994 $24,683 $22,414 $1,434 $6,973
1993 $23,156 $21,443 $1,022 $6,650
1992 $23,939 $20,831 $969 $6,992
1991 $21,764 $20,177 $1,080 $6,852
1990 $21,322 $19,203 $942 $6,493
1989 $17,423 - $1,329 -
1988 $17,771 - $2,886 -
1987 $16,734 - $2,469 -
1986 $13,804 - $2,271 -
1985 $9,941 - $2,256 -
1984 $9,992 - $2,261 -
1983 $10,696 - $2,333 -
1982 $11,089 - $2,430 -
1981 $11,537 - $2,368 -
1980 $13,812 - $2,118 -
1979 $12,817 - $2,072 -
1978 $11,196 - $1,928 -
1977 $9,180 - $1,666 -
1976 $7,937 - $1,302 -
1975 $7,346 - $1,190 -
1974 $6,450 - $1,041 -
1973 $5,353 - $858 -
1972 $4,110 - $785 -
1971 $3,384 - $768 -
1970 $2,931 - $724 -
1969 $2,647 - $708 -
1968 $2,364 - $681 -
1967 $2,155 - $644 -
1966 $1,986 - $575 -
1965 $1,848 - $482 -
1964 $1,668 - $435 -
1963 $1,437 - $424 -
1962 $1,342 - $409 -
1961 $1,254 - $395 -
1960 $1,156 - $378 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/suriname | CC BY

The Netherlands' GDP per capita is $73,684, ranking 12/197, compared to $7,070 in Suriname, ranking 104/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Netherlands ranks 11th at $86,174, while Suriname ranks 89th at $21,801.

Economic indicators

Netherlands Suriname
Gross domestic product
$1.33T
2025
$4.52B
2025
GDP rank
18/197
2025
165/197
2025
GDP growth
1.78%
2024-2025
1.79%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$73,684
2025
$7,070
2025
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2025
104/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$86,174
2024
$21,801
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
11/197
2024
89/197
2024
Government debt
$578B
2025
$4.79B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43.3%
2025
105.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$31,942
2025
$7,483
2025
Government debt per person rank
23/185
2025
69/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$46,674
2026
$3,363
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.1T
2017
n/a
Number of millionaires
1,294,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
13
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.4%
2021
30.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2021
2.2%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.1%
2025
37.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.26%
2024-2025
9.21%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
10%
2013
Unemployment rate
3.9%
2025
7.92%
2016
Population
18243998
648096

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Netherlands
Spending

Debt
Suriname
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Netherlands Suriname
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 45.1% 43.3% 37.3% 105.8%
2024 44.4% 43.7% 29.3% 88%
2023 44% 45.8% 28.9% 97.7%
2022 43.3% 48.4% 28.2% 111.7%
2021 45.9% 50.5% 32% 115.8%
2020 47.8% 53.4% 30.2% 146.4%
2019 42.1% 47.7% 40.5% 84%
2018 42.4% 51.6% 29.5% 68.6%
2017 42.8% 56% 28.7% 73%
2016 43.9% 60.9% 27.9% 75.4%
2015 45.3% 63.8% 29.9% 41.2%
2014 46.7% 67.2% 25.2% 25.2%
2013 47.5% 67.2% 26.2% 27.9%
2012 47.6% 65.7% 25.1% 20.1%
2011 47.8% 61.2% 21% 18.7%
2010 48.9% 58.9% 21% 17.3%
2009 48.4% 56.3% 24% 14.6%
2008 44.3% 54.4% 20.5% 14.8%
2007 43.3% 42.7% 22.6% 16.4%
2006 44% 45% 22.2% 22.5%
2005 43.4% 49.6% 22.2% 27.1%
2004 44.7% 50.1% 20.8% 29.4%
2003 45.8% 49.8% 19.2% 31.5%
2002 44.8% 48.7% 22.2% 37.4%
2001 44.1% 49.4% 21.8% 37.2%
2000 43.2% 52.2% 24.4% 48.4%
1999 44.3% 58.6% 19.6% 32.3%
1998 44.6% 62.7% 30.3% 21.6%
1997 45.7% 65.7% 21.1% 16.8%
1996 47.3% 71.2% 21.4% 11.8%
1995 53.9% 73% 20.2% 16.3%
1994 49.4% 73.5% 19.8% 30.5%
1993 50.9% 76.7% 21.2% 51.1%
1992 50.2% 75.6% 24.4% 64.4%
1991 49.6% 74.8% 26.6% 75.7%
1990 48.8% 75% 22.7% 72.9%
1989 54.5% 73.7% - -
1988 56.4% 73.7% - -
1987 58.5% 71.3% - -
1986 57% 68.9% - -
1985 57.3% 67.1% - -
1984 58.1% 61.9% - -
1983 59.1% 58.4% - -
1982 59.1% 52.4% - -
1981 56.8% 46.9% - -
1980 55.2% 43.6% - -
1979 53.7% 39.5% - -
1978 52.3% 38.1% - -
1977 50.6% 34.9% - -
1976 50.8% 35.2% - -
1975 50.8% 36.1% - -
1974 46.4% 36.3% - -
1973 44.6% 38.1% - -
1972 44.9% 41.3% - -
1971 44.6% 43.7% - -
1970 43.2% 46.1% - -
1969 42.1% 48.2% - -
1968 25.4% 54.4% - -
1967 24.1% 55% - -
1966 24.4% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 55.8% - -
1964 22.3% 57.1% - -
1963 21.9% 61.7% - -
1962 22.1% 63.8% - -
1961 22.2% 65.9% - -
1960 20.4% 66.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/suriname | CC BY

In 2025, the Netherlands' government spending was $602B, accounting for 45.1% of its GDP, while Suriname spent $1.69B, or 37.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 43.3% in the Netherlands and 105.8% in Suriname, ranking 121/185 and 18/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Netherlands

Suriname
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Netherlands Suriname
2025 -1.84% -9.61%
2024 -0.94% -3.36%
2023 -0.37% -1.67%
2022 0.002% -2.57%
2021 -2.26% -5.66%
2020 -3.72% -12%
2019 1.91% -20.2%
2018 1.49% -8.56%
2017 1.35% -8.62%
2016 0.23% -10.2%
2015 -1.84% -8.29%
2014 -2.17% -2.65%
2013 -2.87% -2.64%
2012 -3.83% -0.38%
2011 -4.42% 2.32%
2010 -5.3% -0.15%
2009 -5.06% 2.03%
2008 -0.06% 2.39%
2007 -0.16% 5.01%
2006 0.04% 0.59%
2005 -0.51% -3.39%
2004 -1.82% -1.2%
2003 -3.19% -0.11%
2002 -2.23% -3.3%
2001 -0.47% 3.49%
2000 1.14% -7.76%
1999 0.28% -4.92%
1998 -1.34% -6.39%
1997 -1.6% -0.32%
1996 -1.91% 3.42%
1995 -8.72% 1.17%
1994 -3.53% -1.89%
1993 -3.13% -4.68%
1992 -3.12% -6.45%
1991 -2.05% -9.8%
1990 -4.08% -3.04%
1989 -5% -
1988 -4.23% -
1987 -5.39% -
1986 -4.62% -
1985 -3.6% -
1984 -5.25% -
1983 -5.47% -
1982 -6.17% -
1981 -4.92% -
1980 -3.95% -
1979 -2.46% -
1978 -2.09% -
1977 -0.75% -
1976 -2.02% -
1975 -2.82% -
1974 -0.26% -
1973 0.54% -
1972 -0.7% -
1971 -1.58% -
1970 -1.52% -
1969 -1.14% -
1968 -3.06% -
1967 -1.97% -
1966 -2.37% -
1965 -1.15% -
1964 -1.2% -
1963 -0.54% -
1962 -1.38% -
1961 -0.38% -
1960 0.9% -
1959 -0.74% -
1958 -0.89% -
1957 0.3% -
1956 -0.83% -
1955 -0.25% -
1954 0.76% -
1953 -2.95% -
1952 2.19% -
1951 2.13% -
1950 0.81% -
1949 2.3% -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -3.19% -
1938 -0.37% -
1937 0.02% -
1936 -0.41% -
1935 -0.69% -
1934 -0.92% -
1933 -2.55% -
1932 -1.97% -
1931 -1.66% -
1930 -0.55% -
1929 -1.16% -
1928 -0.62% -
1927 -0.33% -
1926 -0.78% -
1925 -2.04% -
1924 -3.37% -
1923 -2.62% -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -0.45% -
1912 -0.47% -
1911 -0.13% -
1910 -0.93% -
1909 -0.34% -
1908 -0.57% -
1907 0.03% -
1906 0.16% -
1905 0.1% -
1904 -0.72% -
1903 0.09% -
1902 -0.14% -
1901 0.03% -
1900 0.06% -
1899 -0.13% -
1898 -0.48% -
1897 -0.45% -
1896 0.08% -
1895 -0.06% -
1894 0.12% -
1893 -0.76% -
1892 -1.72% -
1891 -0.06% -
1890 -0.06% -
1889 0.04% -
1888 -0.31% -
1887 -0.37% -
1886 -0.08% -
1885 -0.55% -
1884 0% -
1883 -2.1% -
1882 -1.11% -
1881 -1.06% -
1880 0.21% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/suriname | CC BY

In 2025, the Netherlands' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.5B, equivalent to 1.84% of GDP. This compares to Suriname's deficit of $435M, or 9.61% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, the Netherlands recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Suriname ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, the Netherlands posted an annual deficit equal to 1.84% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.59% of GDP for Suriname.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Netherlands

Suriname
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Netherlands Suriname
2025 3.26% 9.21%
2024 3.35% 16.2%
2023 3.84% 51.6%
2022 10% 52.4%
2021 2.68% 59.1%
2020 1.27% 34.9%
2019 2.63% -
2018 1.7% -
2017 1.38% 22%
2016 0.32% 55.4%
2015 0.6% 6.89%
2014 0.98% 3.38%
2013 2.51% 1.92%
2012 2.46% 5.01%
2011 2.34% 17.7%
2010 1.28% 6.94%
2009 1.19% -0.13%
2008 2.49% 14.7%
2007 1.61% 6.43%
2006 1.1% 11.3%
2005 1.69% 9.9%
2004 1.26% 9.99%
2003 2.09% 23%
2002 3.29% 15.5%
2001 4.16% 38.6%
2000 2.36% 59.4%
1999 2.16% 98.8%
1998 1.96% 19%
1997 2.11% 7.15%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/suriname | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Netherlands has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 24.3% in Suriname. In 2025, inflation was 3.26% in the Netherlands and 9.21% in Suriname.

Top exports between countries

Netherlands
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $103M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $64.3M
Chemicals & pharma $38.3M
Animal & marine products $23.4M
Metals $23.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $13.3M
Raw agricultural goods $12.4M
Raw materials & minerals $12M
Wood & paper products $3.8M
Miscellaneous $2.1M
Suriname
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $6.64M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.9M
Machinery & equipment $1.45M
Chemicals & pharma $511K
Miscellaneous $336K
Metals $304K
Animal & marine products $248K
Raw agricultural goods $246K
Textiles & consumer goods $85K
Wood & paper products $45K

Balance of trade

Netherlands Suriname
Current account balance
$111B
2024
-$2.48B
2025
Current account balance ranking
6/190
2024
146/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+9.14%
2024
-54.9%
2025
Goods imports
$606B
2024
$1.91B
2025
Goods exports
$693B
2024
$2.97B
2025
Service imports
$262B
2024
$3.59B
2025
Service exports
$308B
2024
$218M
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.5%
2025
38.4%
2010
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
80.7%
2025
52.5%
2010

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Netherlands Suriname
Economic freedom 78.5 53
Economic freedom ranking 11/197 143/197
Property rights 96 40.5
Government integrity 86.8 41
Judicial effectiveness 96.1 46.5
Tax burden 54 69.1
Government spending 42.2 74.3
Fiscal health 95.9 76.6
Business freedom 85 56.9
Labor freedom 59.3 69
Monetary freedom 77 56.4
Trade freedom 79.4 65.2
Investment freedom 90 20
Financial freedom 80 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Netherlands
Suriname
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Netherlands Suriname
2026 78.5 53
2025 78.2 50.9
2024 77.3 46.7
2023 78 46.1
2022 79.5 48.1
2021 76.8 46.4
2020 77 49.5
2019 76.8 48.1
2018 76.2 48.1
2017 75.8 48
2016 74.6 53.8
2015 73.7 54.2
2014 74.2 54.2
2013 73.5 52
2012 73.3 52.6
2011 74.7 53.1
2010 75 52.5
2009 77 54.1
2008 77.4 54.3
2007 75.5 54.8
2006 75.4 55.1
2005 72.9 51.9
2004 74.5 47.9
2003 74.6 46.9
2002 75.1 48
2001 73 44.3
2000 70.4 45.8
1999 70.2 40.1
1998 69.2 39.9
1997 70.4 35.9
1996 69.7 36.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/suriname | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Netherlands is 78.5, ranking 11/197, compared to 53 for Suriname, ranking 143/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Netherlands Suriname
Services, % of GDP
70.4%
2025
50.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.7%
2025
35.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.68%
2025
6.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.24T
2025
$3.93B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$85,480
2025
$21,000
2025
Total reserves including gold
$118B
2025
$1.62B
2025
Total reserves ranking
27/177
2025
132/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$11.1B
2024
-$2.04B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$17.1B
2024
$666M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$5.93B
2024
-$9.05M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
20.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.5%
2021
70%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.8%
2025
36.2%
2010

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/suriname | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.