Skip to content

Economy of Ireland vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Ireland has a GDP of $722B compared to $182B for Morocco, ranking 24/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ireland has $238B in government debt (32.9% of GDP), compared to $122B (67.1% of GDP) in Morocco.

Ireland vs Morocco GDP by year

Ireland
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ireland Morocco
2025 $721,701,359,046 $182,374,250,612
2024 $609,157,459,747 $160,610,994,055
2023 $567,372,737,459 $146,036,093,667
2022 $548,341,794,599 $131,245,312,804
2021 $530,394,123,830 $142,022,058,447
2020 $436,009,027,819 $121,353,645,057
2019 $407,211,793,801 $128,920,266,409
2018 $395,780,319,817 $127,341,147,582
2017 $348,355,212,569 $118,540,573,368
2016 $305,431,252,709 $111,572,947,005
2015 $302,101,388,556 $110,413,823,842
2014 $266,490,442,124 $119,130,841,412
2013 $242,924,245,719 $115,739,287,305
2012 $226,921,827,888 $106,937,392,311
2011 $240,975,871,047 $110,080,631,332
2010 $221,732,824,603 $100,865,329,473
2009 $236,443,115,854 $101,154,952,241
2008 $275,447,471,451 $101,822,906,949
2007 $270,079,279,420 $86,947,913,287
2006 $232,180,617,162 $75,883,823,301
2005 $211,876,989,656 $68,852,658,069
2004 $194,372,115,041 $66,114,145,451
2003 $164,670,771,260 $58,029,363,354
2002 $128,596,035,288 $47,077,192,188
2001 $109,346,669,230 $43,831,480,208
2000 $100,207,610,430 $43,017,455,402
1999 $98,893,958,263 $46,266,428,648
1998 $90,199,410,116 $46,497,608,725
1997 $82,856,648,758 $39,147,844,526
1996 $75,790,786,290 $43,161,571,528
1995 $69,139,823,232 $39,030,285,468
1994 $57,097,656,066 $35,604,137,423
1993 $52,417,477,614 $31,655,473,664
1992 $55,918,538,121 $33,711,069,431
1991 $49,787,501,584 $32,285,573,574
1990 $49,305,632,408 $30,179,954,775
1989 $39,238,392,678 $26,314,313,191
1988 $37,772,896,221 $25,705,296,184
1987 $33,920,518,493 $21,765,195,948
1986 $28,714,571,852 $19,462,085,540
1985 $21,270,013,326 $14,991,283,216
1984 $20,106,648,455 $14,824,667,954
1983 $20,766,047,764 $16,251,408,128
1982 $21,474,752,962 $17,692,276,734
1981 $20,670,190,138 $17,788,185,479
1980 $21,747,855,640 $21,728,516,153
1979 $18,319,334,300 $15,911,994,817
1978 $14,647,996,074 $13,236,946,234
1977 $11,248,340,431 $11,049,783,872
1976 $9,453,756,015 $9,584,297,284
1975 $9,483,808,362 $8,984,853,005
1974 $7,896,860,615 $7,675,466,449
1973 $7,481,173,066 $6,242,145,880
1972 $6,318,060,582 $5,074,117,545
1971 $5,098,250,287 $4,356,669,034
1970 $4,395,995,086 $3,956,336,244
1969 $3,902,721,632 $3,651,622,669
1968 $3,378,701,147 $3,271,422,333
1967 $3,445,739,915 $3,046,345,314
1966 $3,198,820,904 $2,876,401,297
1965 $3,035,655,794 $2,948,331,090
1964 $2,851,091,646 $2,798,345,299
1963 $2,505,073,358 $2,657,252,578
1962 $2,329,372,972 $2,379,611,125
1961 $2,151,772,980 $2,025,693,540
1960 $1,998,550,222 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ireland vs Morocco by year

Ireland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ireland Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $131,592 - $4,746 -
2024 $112,895 $133,437 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $106,819 $129,683 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $105,191 $138,523 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $103,783 $116,904 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $86,514 $97,800 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $81,828 $92,023 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $80,804 $86,299 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $72,161 $80,450 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $64,130 $73,013 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $64,250 $71,588 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $57,215 $52,641 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $52,538 $48,839 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $49,336 $46,726 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $52,614 $45,526 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $48,624 $43,212 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $52,133 $41,491 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $61,353 $44,169 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $61,396 $46,782 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $54,329 $44,223 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $50,933 $40,466 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $47,754 $38,729 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $41,204 $36,280 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $32,705 $35,222 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $28,282 $32,573 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $26,335 $30,216 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $26,338 $27,041 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $24,295 $25,094 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $22,551 $22,637 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $20,836 $20,482 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $19,158 $18,944 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $15,903 $17,011 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $14,657 $15,811 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $15,714 $15,116 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $14,087 $14,399 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $14,031 $13,743 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $11,176 - $1,099 -
1988 $10,716 - $1,094 -
1987 $9,582 - $944 -
1986 $8,112 - $861 -
1985 $6,012 - $678 -
1984 $5,692 - $687 -
1983 $5,915 - $772 -
1982 $6,161 - $862 -
1981 $5,986 - $890 -
1980 $6,372 - $1,117 -
1979 $5,430 - $839 -
1978 $4,400 - $716 -
1977 $3,427 - $613 -
1976 $2,920 - $545 -
1975 $2,973 - $524 -
1974 $2,517 - $459 -
1973 $2,424 - $382 -
1972 $2,080 - $319 -
1971 $1,704 - $280.6 -
1970 $1,487 - $261.5 -
1969 $1,331 - $247.8 -
1968 $1,159 - $228 -
1967 $1,187 - $218.1 -
1966 $1,107 - $211.5 -
1965 $1,055 - $222.7 -
1964 $995 - $216.9 -
1963 $878 - $211.3 -
1962 $821 - $194.2 -
1961 $762 - $169.8 -
1960 $707 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/morocco | CC BY

Ireland's GDP per capita is $131,592, ranking 4/197, compared to $4,746 in Morocco, ranking 126/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ireland ranks 4th at $133,437, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

Ireland Morocco
Gross domestic product
$722B
2025
$182B
2025
GDP rank
24/197
2025
58/197
2025
GDP growth
12.3%
2024-2025
4.6%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$131,592
2025
$4,746
2025
GDP per capita rank
4/197
2025
126/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$133,437
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
4/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$238B
2025
$122B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
32.9%
2025
67.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$43,334
2025
$3,183
2025
Government debt per person rank
14/185
2025
102/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$47,174
2026
$4,045
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$110B
2018
$114B
2025
Number of millionaires
192,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2026
3
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2023
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.6%
2025
31.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.21%
2024-2025
0.7%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.7%
2025
11.8%
2022
Population
5562212
38938817

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ireland
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ireland Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 21.6% 32.9% 31.3% 67.1%
2024 22.4% 38.3% 30.9% 67.7%
2023 22.2% 41.8% 30.2% 68.7%
2022 20.7% 42.9% 31.8% 71.4%
2021 23.5% 52.4% 30.1% 69.4%
2020 26.7% 56.9% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 23.9% 55.8% 27% 60.3%
2018 24.7% 61.3% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 25.3% 65.2% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 27.5% 72.7% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 28.1% 74% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 36.6% 101.4% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 39.8% 117.7% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 42.3% 118.9% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 46.9% 109.6% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 64.9% 86.2% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 46.9% 61.8% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 41.6% 42.5% 28.3% 42%
2007 35.6% 23.9% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 33.6% 23.7% 26% 50.6%
2005 33% 26.1% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 32.8% 28.1% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 32.7% 29.8% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 32.9% 30.9% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 32.2% 33.6% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 30.6% 36.4% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 32.5% 46.6% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 34.2% 51.4% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 36.1% 61.6% 18.6% 68%
1996 38.5% 69.8% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 40.3% 78.5% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 43.9% 88% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 44.6% 93.4% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 44.8% 90.6% 22.3% 67%
1991 44.4% 93.8% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 42.8% 92.7% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 42.5% 97.9% - -
1988 48.2% 106.5% - -
1987 51.4% 108.3% - -
1986 52.9% 107.2% - -
1985 53.2% 93% - -
1984 52.7% 90.2% - -
1983 55.6% 86.1% - -
1982 56.7% 73.5% - -
1981 54.1% 68.8% - -
1980 53.7% 64.6% - -
1979 48.7% 63.5% - -
1978 46.2% 50.6% - -
1977 44.6% 49.2% - -
1976 47.8% 51.7% - -
1975 48.2% 48.3% - -
1974 44.3% 43.5% - -
1973 40.3% 35.1% - -
1972 41.5% 37.3% - -
1971 45.3% 39.8% - -
1970 44.1% 41.7% - -
1969 42.5% 42.6% - -
1968 40% 44.7% - -
1967 39.3% 47.1% - -
1966 36.9% 47.7% - -
1965 35.8% 44.6% - -
1964 34.8% 43.1% - -
1963 33.6% 45.2% - -
1962 31.7% 44.5% - -
1961 31.4% 44.3% - -
1960 29.1% 44.9% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1994, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/morocco | CC BY

In 2025, Ireland's government spending was $156B, accounting for 21.6% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $57B, or 31.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 32.9% in Ireland and 67.1% in Morocco, ranking 149/185 and 64/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ireland

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ireland Morocco
2025 1.54% -3.54%
2024 4.02% -3.92%
2023 1.36% -4.41%
2022 1.58% -5.37%
2021 -1.31% -5.92%
2020 -4.87% -7.15%
2019 0.41% -3.8%
2018 0.09% -3.52%
2017 -0.3% -3.3%
2016 -0.76% -4.49%
2015 -1.97% -4.59%
2014 -3.52% -4.78%
2013 -6.28% -4.7%
2012 -8.42% -6.63%
2011 -13.5% -6.08%
2010 -32.1% -3.93%
2009 -13.9% -1.63%
2008 -7.03% 0.63%
2007 0.27% -0.12%
2006 2.78% -1.8%
2005 1.57% -5.46%
2004 1.3% -3.31%
2003 0.35% -3.74%
2002 -0.52% -4.37%
2001 0.96% -3.79%
2000 4.86% -1.97%
1999 3.54% 3.21%
1998 2.07% 1.47%
1997 1.37% 1.5%
1996 -0.2% 0.87%
1995 -2.07% -2.54%
1994 -1.98% -2.51%
1993 -2.7% -2%
1992 -2.92% -1.84%
1991 -2.82% -0.9%
1990 -2.77% -1.32%
1989 -2.64% -
1988 -4.62% -
1987 -8.47% -
1986 -10.5% -
1985 -10.7% -
1984 -9.43% -
1983 -11.5% -
1982 -13.1% -
1981 -12.1% -
1980 -11.1% -
1979 -10% -
1978 -8.27% -
1977 -6.44% -
1976 -7.34% -
1975 -11.1% -
1974 -6.96% -
1973 -3.84% -
1972 -3.23% -
1971 -3.5% -
1970 -3.64% -
1969 -3.4% -
1968 -2.72% -
1967 -2.69% -
1966 -2.26% -
1965 -3.5% -
1964 -3.35% -
1963 -2.92% -
1962 -2.91% -
1961 -2.6% -
1960 -1.97% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -4.3% -
1957 -5.19% -
1956 -3.23% -
1955 -5.06% -
1954 -5.28% -
1953 -5.77% -
1952 -7.84% -
1951 -4.62% -
1950 -5.21% -
1949 -2.17% -
1948 -1.29% -
1947 -1.8% -
1946 -0.43% -
1945 -0.43% -
1944 0.39% -
1943 -1.18% -
1942 -2.48% -
1941 -1.42% -
1940 -0.15% -
1939 -7.31% -
1938 -0.92% -
1937 -0.77% -
1936 -0.19% -
1935 - -
1934 - -
1933 2.97% -
1932 - -
1931 -1.63% -
1930 - -
1929 -3.41% -
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 -1.95% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1926–1994, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/morocco | CC BY

In 2025, Ireland's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $11.2B, equivalent to 1.54% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.46B, or 3.54% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Ireland recorded a fiscal deficit in 20 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Ireland posted an annual deficit equal to 2.27% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.94% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ireland

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ireland Morocco
2025 2.21% 0.7%
2024 2.11% 0.99%
2023 6.3% 6.09%
2022 7.83% 6.66%
2021 2.34% 1.4%
2020 -0.33% 0.71%
2019 0.94% 0.3%
2018 0.47% 1.8%
2017 0.36% 0.75%
2016 0.02% 1.64%
2015 -0.33% 1.56%
2014 0.19% 0.44%
2013 0.52% 1.88%
2012 1.69% 1.29%
2011 2.55% 0.91%
2010 -0.92% 0.99%
2009 -4.45% 0.97%
2008 4.04% 3.71%
2007 4.89% 2.04%
2006 3.94% 3.28%
2005 2.46% 0.98%
2004 2.18% 1.49%
2003 3.49% 1.17%
2002 4.63% 2.8%
2001 4.85% 0.62%
2000 5.58% 1.89%
1999 1.63% 0.68%
1998 2.41% 2.75%
1997 1.54% 1.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Ireland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.18%, compared with 1.78% in Morocco. In 2025, inflation was 2.21% in Ireland and 0.7% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

Ireland
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $93.1M
Animal & marine products $46.2M
Business & finance services $34.6M
Raw materials & minerals $33M
Machinery & equipment $16.3M
Metals $5.08M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.69M
Government & miscellaneous services $1.12M
Precious metals & jewellery $735K
Morocco
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $51.9M
Machinery & equipment $27.4M
Raw agricultural goods $12M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.35M
Textiles & consumer goods $756K
Metals $172K
Chemicals & pharma $78K
Precious metals & jewellery $24K
Wood & paper products $23K
Animal & marine products $1K

Balance of trade

Ireland Morocco
Current account balance
$106B
2024
-$4.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
7/190
2024
163/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+17.4%
2024
-2.5%
2025
Goods imports
$165B
2024
$77.2B
2025
Goods exports
$356B
2024
$43.7B
2025
Service imports
$467B
2024
$16.7B
2025
Service exports
$526B
2024
$33.6B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
99.9%
2025
51.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
140.1%
2025
42%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ireland Morocco
Economic freedom 83.3 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 3/197 91/197
Property rights 94.4 55.2
Government integrity 84 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 95.4 32.5
Tax burden 77.7 65.5
Government spending 85.9 67.5
Fiscal health 97 57.5
Business freedom 85.5 72.1
Labor freedom 61.3 46.2
Monetary freedom 79.3 79.6
Trade freedom 79.4 69.8
Investment freedom 90 80
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ireland
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ireland Morocco
2026 83.3 61.8
2025 83.1 60.3
2024 82.6 56.8
2023 82 58.4
2022 82 59.2
2021 81.4 63.3
2020 80.9 63.3
2019 80.5 62.9
2018 80.4 61.9
2017 76.7 61.5
2016 77.3 61.3
2015 76.6 60.1
2014 76.2 58.3
2013 75.7 59.6
2012 76.9 60.2
2011 78.7 59.6
2010 81.3 59.2
2009 82.2 57.7
2008 82.5 55.6
2007 82.6 56.4
2006 82.2 51.5
2005 80.8 52.2
2004 80.3 56.7
2003 80.9 57.8
2002 80.5 59
2001 81.2 63.9
2000 76.1 63.2
1999 74.6 63.8
1998 73.7 61.1
1997 72.6 64.7
1996 68.5 64.3
1995 68.5 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ireland is 83.3, ranking 3/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ireland Morocco
Services, % of GDP
56.7%
2025
52.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
37.8%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.06%
2025
10.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$479B
2025
$170B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$106,310
2025
$10,960
2025
Total reserves including gold
$13.7B
2025
$48.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
73/177
2025
50/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$62.3B
2024
-$2.51B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.82B
2024
$1.75B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$67.1B
2024
$679M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14%
2021
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.9%
2025
31.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/morocco | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1926–1994, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.