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Economy of Greece vs Indonesia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Greece has a GDP of $256B compared to $1.4T for Indonesia, ranking 53/197 and 16/197 by economy size, respectively.

Greece has $397B in government debt (154.8% of GDP), compared to $561B (40.2% of GDP) in Indonesia.

Greece vs Indonesia GDP by year

Greece
Indonesia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Greece Indonesia
2024 $256,238,371,778 $1,396,300,098,191
2023 $242,946,187,738 $1,371,169,301,564
2022 $217,990,189,601 $1,319,101,183,380
2021 $218,303,801,895 $1,186,509,691,087
2020 $191,362,985,555 $1,059,054,842,698
2019 $207,305,649,887 $1,119,099,871,350
2018 $213,298,873,494 $1,042,271,532,989
2017 $200,381,103,984 $1,015,618,744,160
2016 $193,097,239,006 $931,877,364,038
2015 $194,567,373,678 $860,854,232,686
2014 $233,911,581,521 $890,814,755,534
2013 $236,556,279,641 $912,524,136,718
2012 $238,841,140,018 $917,869,913,333
2011 $283,228,079,776 $892,969,104,563
2010 $296,417,644,404 $755,094,157,622
2009 $326,829,054,686 $539,580,085,612
2008 $351,121,399,546 $510,228,634,992
2007 $314,226,996,944 $432,216,737,775
2006 $269,073,415,334 $364,570,515,618
2005 $242,315,668,619 $285,868,619,196
2004 $234,979,615,898 $256,836,875,295
2003 $196,930,509,813 $234,772,463,824
2002 $150,253,800,086 $195,660,611,165
2001 $132,050,474,720 $160,446,947,785
2000 $125,760,166,225 $165,021,012,078
1999 $137,131,371,955 $140,001,351,215
1998 $139,612,812,176 $95,445,547,873
1997 $138,766,067,640 $215,748,998,610
1996 $142,502,984,145 $227,369,679,375
1995 $134,974,613,914 $202,132,028,723
1994 $114,980,063,202 $176,892,143,932
1993 $107,295,704,518 $158,006,700,302
1992 $114,608,178,405 $128,026,966,580
1991 $103,680,863,713 $116,621,996,217
1990 $96,529,587,274 $106,140,727,334
1989 $78,067,933,277 $94,451,427,877
1988 $75,200,610,137 $84,300,174,486
1987 $64,739,630,096 $75,929,617,558
1986 $55,595,445,472 $79,954,072,545
1985 $47,155,741,426 $85,289,488,375
1984 $47,352,146,312 $84,853,700,028
1983 $48,741,397,059 $81,052,283,384
1982 $53,858,346,939 $90,158,449,295
1981 $51,618,456,335 $85,518,233,419
1980 $56,039,256,595 $72,482,337,397
1979 $53,724,121,435 $51,400,186,343
1978 $43,654,480,519 $51,455,719,076
1977 $35,673,080,481 $45,808,915,663
1976 $30,719,552,239 $37,269,156,627
1975 $28,129,128,587 $30,463,855,422
1974 $24,998,715,909 $25,802,409,639
1973 $22,037,019,563 $16,273,253,012
1972 $16,650,659,091 $10,997,590,361
1971 $14,388,806,818 $9,333,536,370
1970 $12,957,113,636 $9,150,684,932
1969 $11,454,106,327 $8,337,423,313
1968 $9,950,331,206 $7,076,465,300
1967 $9,146,592,856 $5,667,756,628
1966 $8,472,021,467 -
1965 $7,582,209,670 -
1964 $6,576,906,345 -
1963 $5,813,285,627 -
1962 $5,140,542,929 -
1961 $4,892,397,431 -
1960 $4,274,890,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/indonesia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Greece vs Indonesia by year

Greece
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Indonesia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Greece Indonesia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $24,626 $44,327 $4,925 $16,448
2023 $23,344 $42,711 $4,876 $15,416
2022 $20,887 $39,612 $4,731 $14,285
2021 $20,655 $33,531 $4,287 $12,757
2020 $17,887 $29,533 $3,854 $11,729
2019 $19,335 $31,927 $4,107 $11,986
2018 $19,873 $29,792 $3,861 $11,372
2017 $18,632 $28,682 $3,799 $10,688
2016 $17,919 $27,505 $3,521 $10,263
2015 $17,981 $26,608 $3,288 $10,028
2014 $21,475 $26,450 $3,441 $10,065
2013 $21,573 $25,731 $3,567 $9,866
2012 $21,624 $24,583 $3,632 $9,530
2011 $25,505 $25,693 $3,579 $8,937
2010 $26,653 $27,839 $3,066 $8,353
2009 $29,425 $29,963 $2,218 $7,868
2008 $31,696 $30,441 $2,125 $7,569
2007 $28,441 $28,896 $1,823 $7,096
2006 $24,416 $28,076 $1,558 $6,583
2005 $22,054 $25,004 $1,238 $6,134
2004 $21,449 $24,826 $1,127 $5,700
2003 $18,021 $23,253 $1,043 $5,353
2002 $13,782 $21,985 $881 $5,076
2001 $12,157 $20,304 $732 $4,849
2000 $11,638 $18,820 $764 $4,639
1999 $12,743 $17,758 $657 $4,386
1998 $13,023 $17,434 $455 $4,356
1997 $13,016 $16,630 $1,045 $5,037
1996 $13,433 $15,778 $1,119 $4,807
1995 $12,779 $15,218 $1,011 $4,451
1994 $10,937 $14,667 $900 $4,096
1993 $10,257 $14,150 $817 $3,793
1992 $11,021 $14,130 $674 $3,538
1991 $10,047 $13,824 $624 $3,305
1990 $9,467 $13,126 $578 $3,044
1989 $7,738 - $524 -
1988 $7,492 - $477 -
1987 $6,474 - $438 -
1986 $5,578 - $470 -
1985 $4,747 - $511 -
1984 $4,785 - $520 -
1983 $4,950 - $508 -
1982 $5,502 - $578 -
1981 $5,305 - $561 -
1980 $5,812 - $487 -
1979 $5,627 - $353 -
1978 $4,629 - $362 -
1977 $3,832 - $331 -
1976 $3,343 - $275.7 -
1975 $3,109 - $231.1 -
1974 $2,789 - $200.7 -
1973 $2,468 - $129.9 -
1972 $1,873 - $90.1 -
1971 $1,629 - $78.5 -
1970 $1,474 - $79.1 -
1969 $1,306 - $74.1 -
1968 $1,138 - $64.7 -
1967 $1,053 - $53.2 -
1966 $984 - - -
1965 $887 - - -
1964 $773 - - -
1963 $686 - - -
1962 $608 - - -
1961 $583 - - -
1960 $513 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/indonesia | CC BY

Greece's GDP per capita is $24,626, ranking 49/197, compared to $4,925 in Indonesia, ranking 121/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Greece ranks 52nd at $44,327, while Indonesia ranks 107th at $16,448.

Economic indicators

Greece Indonesia
Gross domestic product
$256B
2024
$1.4T
2024
GDP rank
53/197
2024
16/197
2024
GDP growth
2.09%
2023-2024
5.03%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$24,626
2024
$4,925
2024
GDP per capita rank
49/197
2024
121/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$44,327
2024
$16,448
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
52/197
2024
107/197
2024
Government debt
$397B
2024
$561B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
154.8%
2024
40.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$38,119
2024
$1,978
2024
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2024
120/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$14,396
2026
$3,371
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$83.2B
2024
$758B
2023
Number of millionaires n/a
178,605
2025
Number of billionaires
16
2025
33
2025
Income share by richest 10%
26%
2023
28.8%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2023
3.5%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48%
2024
16.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.74%
2023-2024
2.18%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10%
2024
3.31%
2023
Population
10181414
288551776

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Greece
Spending

Debt
Indonesia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Greece Indonesia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 48% 154.8% 16.8% 40.2%
2023 49.5% 165.2% 16.6% 39.6%
2022 52.8% 178.4% 17.3% 40.1%
2021 56.7% 197.8% 18.1% 41.1%
2020 59.3% 209.9% 18.4% 39.7%
2019 47.6% 183.7% 16.4% 30.6%
2018 48.6% 189.6% 16.6% 30.4%
2017 48.5% 182.6% 16.4% 29.4%
2016 50.3% 183.7% 16.9% 28%
2015 51.9% 180% 17.6% 27%
2014 51.5% 182.8% 18.4% 24.6%
2013 53% 180.5% 18.8% 24.9%
2012 54.9% 164.3% 18.8% 23%
2011 55.1% 175.1% 17.7% 23.1%
2010 53.1% 147.8% 16.9% 26.4%
2009 54.8% 128.5% 17% 26.5%
2008 51.5% 110.9% 19.4% 30.3%
2007 47.8% 104.6% 18.7% 38.1%
2006 45.9% 105.3% 18.4% 35.8%
2005 46.6% 109.9% 17.4% 42.6%
2004 48.8% 105.5% 17.8% 51.3%
2003 47.9% 104.3% 18.2% 55.6%
2002 47.1% 107.9% 16.9% 62.3%
2001 47.5% 110.5% 19.5% 73.7%
2000 48.2% 108.9% 15.3% 87.4%
1999 48% 102.8% 15.1% 95.9%
1998 46.7% 100.8% 15.1% 72.5%
1997 45.1% 102.6% 15.2% 26.4%
1996 46.1% 103.7% 11.5% 27.5%
1995 46.6% 100.4% 11.9% 32%
1994 36.9% 99.7% 13.5% 37%
1993 38.6% 101.7% 14.1% 40.4%
1992 36.9% 81.1% 16.8% 42.6%
1991 35.2% 75.7% 15% 39.2%
1990 38.5% 74.2% 15.8% 40.8%
1989 34.8% 60.7% 16.5% 42.5%
1988 33.8% 57.9% 17.3% 45.6%
1987 34% 53.2% 18% 49.7%
1986 33.8% 47.8% 20.9% 38.3%
1985 34.2% 47.3% 18.5% 28%
1984 32% 40.6% 16.1% 23.5%
1983 30.2% 34.1% 18.2% 23.1%
1982 28.7% 29.7% 18.8% 18.6%
1981 28.1% 27.1% 24.4% 16.4%
1980 24.5% 22.8% 22.1% 17.3%
1979 24.1% 22.7% 20.9% 22%
1978 30.1% 32.3% 20.1% 30.3%
1977 30.1% 24.5% 19.5% 27.7%
1976 29.1% 23.7% 21.8% 38.1%
1975 28.7% 24.1% 20.5% 36.7%
1974 25.3% 22.5% 17.3% 34.4%
1973 24.3% 22% 16.3% 43.1%
1972 26.8% 26.5% 15.7% 51.2%
1971 25.8% 25% 14.5% 50.5%
1970 25.2% 24.7% 13.8% 46.7%
1969 29.7% 25.8% 12.8% -
1968 26.3% 23% 8.82% -
1967 24.6% 21.1% 10.4% -
1966 22.8% 19% 9.18% -
1965 21.7% 16.5% 10.7% -
1964 20.4% 21.3% 9.55% -
1963 19.5% 22.6% 10.3% -
1962 19.7% 16.6% 7.89% -
1961 19.3% 14.4% 15.1% -
1960 20% 13.4% 14.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/indonesia | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government spending was $123B, accounting for 48% of its GDP, while Indonesia spent $235B, or 16.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 154.8% in Greece and 40.2% in Indonesia, ranking 7/185 and 132/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Greece

Indonesia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Greece Indonesia
2024 1.34% -2.3%
2023 -1.35% -1.64%
2022 -2.46% -2.31%
2021 -7.58% -4.4%
2020 -10.3% -6.07%
2019 -0.09% -2.09%
2018 0.78% -1.69%
2017 1.05% -2.26%
2016 0.28% -2.56%
2015 -3.03% -2.72%
2014 -4.29% -1.8%
2013 -4.06% -1.96%
2012 -6.94% -1.59%
2011 -10.5% -0.7%
2010 -11.4% -1.24%
2009 -15.4% -1.64%
2008 -10.3% 0.05%
2007 -6.81% -0.95%
2006 -6.04% 0.45%
2005 -6.33% 0.46%
2004 -9.05% -0.26%
2003 -8.05% -1.08%
2002 -6.2% -0.58%
2001 -5.64% -1.76%
2000 -4.21% -1.87%
1999 -6.02% -0.96%
1998 -6.48% -1.89%
1997 -6.25% -1.03%
1996 -8.35% 0.96%
1995 -9.87% 0.64%
1994 -8.48% 0.005%
1993 -11.5% -0.59%
1992 -10.6% -2.95%
1991 -9.63% -0.87%
1990 -13.3% -0.55%
1989 -11.9% -1.72%
1988 -9.63% -2.68%
1987 -8.09% -0.9%
1986 -8.62% -2.94%
1985 -9.56% -0.45%
1984 -7.19% 1.83%
1983 -6.17% -1%
1982 -5.49% -1.11%
1981 -7.08% -0.69%
1980 -2.5% -0.82%
1979 -2.34% -0.67%
1978 -5.39% -2.03%
1977 -5.21% -0.38%
1976 -5.05% -2.63%
1975 -5.3% -2.33%
1974 -4.39% -0.35%
1973 -3.71% -1.33%
1972 -4.16% -1.82%
1971 -3.32% -2.51%
1970 -3.24% -3.02%
1969 -6.65% -2.8%
1968 -3.39% 0%
1967 -2.59% -0.35%
1966 -2.17% -5.06%
1965 -2.55% -6.62%
1964 -2.89% -5.58%
1963 -2.25% -5.24%
1962 -2.4% -3.1%
1961 -2.69% -4.57%
1960 -3.3% -1.65%
1959 -2.77% -4.06%
1958 -2.27% -6.67%
1957 -2.45% -2.92%
1956 -0.39% -1.38%
1955 -3.57% -1.6%
1954 -2.87% -3.16%
1953 -3.01% -2.33%
1952 -7.21% -3.66%
1951 -11.5% 1.52%
1950 -12.7% -
1949 -10.4% -
1948 -7.65% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 0.48% -
1938 1.78% -
1937 1.06% -
1936 0.95% -
1935 0.72% -
1934 0.88% -
1933 -2.79% -
1932 -1.78% -
1931 -4% -
1930 -2.23% -
1929 -18.7% -
1928 -0.27% -
1927 2.65% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -8.96% -
1912 -7.43% -
1911 -4.61% -
1910 -1.53% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.54% -
1907 -1.23% -
1906 0.66% -
1905 0.91% -
1904 -0.04% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.67% -
1901 0.1% -
1900 0.41% -
1899 0.86% -
1898 -34.5% -
1897 -8.46% -
1896 0.82% -
1895 0.37% -
1894 2.91% -
1893 0.14% -
1892 -2.28% -
1891 -6.48% -
1890 -11.2% -
1889 -15.7% -
1888 -3.59% -
1887 -4.88% -
1886 -11.5% -
1885 -12.1% -
1884 -7.16% -
1883 -2.42% -
1882 -1.69% -
1881 -14.5% -
1880 -13.5% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/indonesia | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.43B, equivalent to 1.34% of GDP. This compares to Indonesia's deficit of $32.1B, or 2.3% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, Greece recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while Indonesia ran a deficit in 50 years. On average, Greece posted an annual deficit equal to 6.17% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.39% of GDP for Indonesia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Greece

Indonesia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Greece Indonesia
2024 2.74% 2.18%
2023 3.46% 3.67%
2022 9.65% 4.21%
2021 1.22% 1.56%
2020 -1.25% 1.92%
2019 0.25% 3.03%
2018 0.63% 3.2%
2017 1.12% 3.81%
2016 -0.83% 3.53%
2015 -1.74% 6.36%
2014 -1.31% 6.39%
2013 -0.92% 6.41%
2012 1.5% 4.28%
2011 3.33% 5.36%
2010 4.71% 5.13%
2009 1.21% 4.39%
2008 4.15% 10.2%
2007 2.9% 6.41%
2006 3.2% 13.1%
2005 3.55% 10.5%
2004 2.9% 6.06%
2003 3.53% 6.76%
2002 3.63% 11.9%
2001 3.37% 11.5%
2000 3.15% 3.69%
1999 2.64% 20.5%
1998 4.77% 58.5%
1997 5.54% 6.23%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/indonesia | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Greece has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 8.24% in Indonesia. In 2024, inflation was 2.74% in Greece and 2.18% in Indonesia.

Top exports between countries

Greece
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $511M
Machinery & equipment $40.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $18.4M
Wood & paper products $8.73M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.14M
Chemicals & pharma $5.7M
Government & miscellaneous services $2.44M
Raw agricultural goods $1.89M
Raw materials & minerals $1.46M
Metals $599K
Indonesia
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $123M
Wood & paper products $47.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $28.7M
Raw materials & minerals $25.1M
Machinery & equipment $15.7M
Animal & marine products $12.8M
Raw agricultural goods $9.25M
Chemicals & pharma $3.3M
Metals $742K
Precious metals & jewellery $736K

Balance of trade

Greece Indonesia
Current account balance
-$18.2B
2024
-$8.72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2024
174/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.11%
2024
-0.62%
2024
Goods imports
$91.2B
2024
$223B
2024
Goods exports
$52.6B
2024
$263B
2024
Service imports
$31.1B
2024
$57.6B
2024
Service exports
$55.8B
2024
$39B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.7%
2024
20.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.1%
2024
22.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Greece Indonesia
Economic freedom 63.2 65.1
Economic freedom ranking 82/197 67/197
Property rights 78 39.7
Government integrity 54.8 42
Judicial effectiveness 68 43.1
Tax burden 59.9 81.5
Government spending 24.7 91.4
Fiscal health 78.9 89.8
Business freedom 77.8 69.2
Labor freedom 59.7 56.8
Monetary freedom 72.6 79.4
Trade freedom 79.4 78.6
Investment freedom 55 50
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Greece
Indonesia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Greece Indonesia
2026 63.2 65.1
2025 60.6 65.2
2024 55.1 63.5
2023 56.9 63.5
2022 61.5 64.4
2021 60.9 66.9
2020 59.9 67.2
2019 57.7 65.8
2018 57.3 64.2
2017 55 61.9
2016 53.2 59.4
2015 54 58.1
2014 55.7 58.5
2013 55.4 56.9
2012 55.4 56.4
2011 60.3 56
2010 62.7 55.5
2009 60.8 53.4
2008 60.6 53.2
2007 58.7 53.2
2006 60.1 51.9
2005 59 52.9
2004 59.1 52.1
2003 58.8 55.8
2002 59.1 54.8
2001 63.4 52.5
2000 61 55.2
1999 61 61.5
1998 60.6 63.4
1997 59.6 62
1996 60.5 61
1995 61.2 54.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/indonesia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Greece is 63.2, ranking 82/197, compared to 65.1 for Indonesia, ranking 67/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Greece Indonesia
Services, % of GDP
68%
2024
43.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
15%
2024
39.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.77%
2024
12.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$236B
2024
$1.39T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$43,340
2024
$16,010
2024
Total reserves including gold
$15.2B
2024
$156B
2024
Total reserves ranking
67/177
2024
20/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
-$15.9B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$6.74B
2024
$24.2B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.22B
2024
$8.39B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.65%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.8%
2021
9%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.3%
2024
31.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2015–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.