Fertility & birth rates in Saudi Arabia and Zambia

Fertility rate in Saudi Arabia vs Zambia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Saudi Arabia was 2.28 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Saudi Arabia vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Saudi Arabia	Zambia
1960	7.63	6.95
1961	7.63	6.98
1962	7.64	7.01
1963	7.65	7.06
1964	7.67	7.09
1965	7.66	7.12
1966	7.66	7.14
1967	7.66	7.15
1968	7.63	7.18
1969	7.6	7.18
1970	7.58	7.22
1971	7.56	7.26
1972	7.54	7.3
1973	7.48	7.34
1974	7.43	7.36
1975	7.37	7.42
1976	7.33	7.39
1977	7.3	7.35
1978	7.26	7.29
1979	7.23	7.22
1980	7.15	7.14
1981	7.07	7.07
1982	6.98	7.04
1983	6.88	7.01
1984	6.78	6.97
1985	6.65	6.93
1986	6.52	6.87
1987	6.34	6.8
1988	6.15	6.7
1989	5.98	6.64
1990	5.8	6.57
1991	5.64	6.46
1992	5.49	6.35
1993	5.33	6.3
1994	5.16	6.26
1995	4.99	6.23
1996	4.81	6.18
1997	4.66	6.12
1998	4.52	6.07
1999	4.35	6
2000	4.21	5.92
2001	3.96	5.85
2002	3.71	5.77
2003	3.47	5.71
2004	3.26	5.7
2005	3.16	5.7
2006	3.18	5.68
2007	3.19	5.61
2008	3.07	5.53
2009	2.95	5.45
2010	2.81	5.36
2011	2.8	5.26
2012	2.78	5.14
2013	2.67	5.01
2014	2.68	4.89
2015	2.63	4.78
2016	2.65	4.67
2017	2.67	4.57
2018	2.67	4.49
2019	2.49	4.42
2020	2.27	4.32
2021	2.17	4.25
2022	2.14	4.18
2023	2.28	4.1
2024	2.31	4.04
2025	2.29	3.97
2026	2.27	3.91
2027	2.25	3.85
2028	2.22	3.77
2029	2.2	3.72
2030	2.17	3.67
2031	2.15	3.61
2032	2.13	3.56
2033	2.11	3.5
2034	2.09	3.45
2035	2.07	3.4
2036	2.05	3.35
2037	2.03	3.3
2038	2.01	3.25
2039	1.99	3.19
2040	1.98	3.15
2041	1.97	3.11
2042	1.95	3.07
2043	1.94	3.03
2044	1.93	3
2045	1.92	2.96
2046	1.91	2.93
2047	1.9	2.9
2048	1.89	2.87
2049	1.88	2.84
2050	1.87	2.81

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Saudi Arabia	Zambia
1960	43.4%	46%
1961	43.6%	46.2%
1962	43.9%	46.3%
1963	44.3%	46.5%
1964	44.6%	46.7%
1965	44.8%	46.9%
1966	45.1%	46.9%
1967	45.3%	47%
1968	45.4%	47.1%
1969	45.5%	47.2%
1970	45.5%	47.4%
1971	45.5%	47.7%
1972	45.3%	48%
1973	45.2%	48.3%
1974	45%	48.6%
1975	44.8%	48.8%
1976	44.6%	49.1%
1977	44.5%	49.2%
1978	44.3%	49.4%
1979	44.2%	49.5%
1980	44.1%	49.5%
1981	43.9%	49.4%
1982	43.8%	49.3%
1983	43.7%	49.1%
1984	43.6%	49%
1985	43.6%	48.9%
1986	43.5%	48.8%
1987	43.4%	48.7%
1988	43.3%	48.6%
1989	43.2%	48.5%
1990	43%	48.4%
1991	42.7%	48.3%
1992	42.4%	48.2%
1993	42.1%	48.2%
1994	41.7%	48.2%
1995	41.2%	48.2%
1996	40.7%	48.2%
1997	40.1%	48.2%
1998	39.5%	48.2%
1999	38.9%	48.1%
2000	38.3%	48%
2001	37.7%	47.8%
2002	36.8%	47.6%
2003	35.7%	47.4%
2004	34.5%	47.3%
2005	33.2%	47.1%
2006	31.9%	47%
2007	30.6%	46.8%
2008	29.5%	46.6%
2009	28.5%	46.4%
2010	27.6%	46.3%
2011	26.9%	46.1%
2012	26.3%	45.9%
2013	25.8%	45.7%
2014	25.4%	45.5%
2015	25.1%	45.2%
2016	24.9%	44.9%
2017	25.2%	44.5%
2018	25.7%	44.1%
2019	25.8%	43.8%
2020	25.5%	43.3%
2021	25.2%	42.9%
2022	24.6%	42.4%
2023	24.1%	42%
2024	23.8%	41.5%
2025	23.6%	41%
2026	23.4%	40.5%
2027	23.3%	40%
2028	23.1%	39.6%
2029	22.9%	39.2%
2030	22.8%	38.8%
2031	22.6%	38.5%
2032	22.5%	38.1%
2033	22.4%	37.8%
2034	22.3%	37.5%
2035	22.2%	37.1%
2036	22.2%	36.8%
2037	22.1%	36.5%
2038	22%	36.1%
2039	21.9%	35.8%
2040	21.7%	35.4%
2041	21.5%	35.1%
2042	21.3%	34.7%
2043	21.2%	34.4%
2044	21%	34%
2045	20.8%	33.7%
2046	20.7%	33.3%
2047	20.5%	33%
2048	20.4%	32.6%
2049	20.2%	32.3%
2050	20.1%	32%

Children aged 0-14 make up 23.8% of the population in Saudi Arabia and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 43% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Saudi Arabia and Zambia compared.

Natural population change in Saudi Arabia vs Zambia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.57% in Saudi Arabia and +2.87% in Zambia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Saudi Arabia	Zambia
1960	74,143	102,335
1961	77,743	106,318
1962	81,393	110,173
1963	85,480	114,555
1964	89,776	117,197
1965	93,820	122,814
1966	98,361	127,164
1967	103,343	131,938
1968	108,281	137,315
1969	113,859	142,660
1970	120,440	149,380
1971	127,600	155,249
1972	136,360	161,648
1973	145,450	168,258
1974	155,478	174,484
1975	166,223	182,258
1976	178,024	186,762
1977	191,103	191,557
1978	205,331	194,933
1979	220,186	197,578
1980	234,372	198,817
1981	249,156	202,822
1982	264,831	207,621
1983	280,616	212,712
1984	296,615	216,695
1985	310,558	221,351
1986	322,340	224,768
1987	333,088	227,813
1988	342,865	230,118
1989	349,399	233,429
1990	355,495	235,835
1991	361,329	237,957
1992	366,763	239,953
1993	372,621	245,917
1994	377,351	252,023
1995	380,231	257,897
1996	382,248	262,468
1997	385,033	268,198
1998	389,499	275,568
1999	390,112	283,297
2000	392,407	293,186
2001	382,153	302,682
2002	372,099	316,041
2003	364,520	331,189
2004	362,843	349,352
2005	375,938	368,756
2006	399,333	387,891
2007	425,199	403,729
2008	433,457	419,560
2009	438,557	434,458
2010	418,641	448,337
2011	443,675	459,743
2012	465,649	469,406
2013	475,299	476,846
2014	493,431	483,663
2015	511,023	491,021
2016	537,829	497,521
2017	546,751	504,630
2018	528,767	515,644
2019	474,407	528,089
2020	447,036	536,484
2021	409,032	535,629
2022	406,920	563,456
2023	474,366	577,660

Maternal mortality chart: Saudi Arabia vs Zambia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 7 deaths per 100,000 live births in Saudi Arabia, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Saudi Arabia	Zambia
1985	40	596
1986	38	619
1987	36	630
1988	34	635
1989	32	635
1990	30	625
1991	29	611
1992	27	581
1993	26	532
1994	25	507
1995	24	466
1996	23	433
1997	23	403
1998	22	392
1999	21	378
2000	20	340
2001	19	306
2002	18	274
2003	16	250
2004	16	260
2005	15	264
2006	14	262
2007	13	324
2008	12	394
2009	11	406
2010	11	332
2011	10	291
2012	9	256
2013	9	213
2014	8	174
2015	8	154
2016	8	158
2017	8	141
2018	8	117
2019	8	103
2020	11	99
2021	12	140
2022	9	89
2023	7	85

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in Saudi Arabia and 4.47% in Zambia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Saudi Arabia	Zambia
1960	-	20.5%
1961	-	20.1%
1962	-	19.8%
1963	-	19.5%
1964	-	19.2%
1965	-	19%
1966	-	18.9%
1967	-	18.7%
1968	-	18.5%
1969	-	18.3%
1970	-	17.9%
1971	-	17.4%
1972	16%	16.9%
1973	14.9%	16.3%
1974	14%	15.9%
1975	13.1%	15.5%
1976	12.2%	15.4%
1977	11.4%	15.3%
1978	10.7%	15.3%
1979	9.99%	15.4%
1980	9.34%	15.5%
1981	8.71%	15.6%
1982	8.12%	15.7%
1983	7.56%	15.9%
1984	7.04%	16.2%
1985	6.55%	16.6%
1986	6.07%	17%
1987	5.62%	17.3%
1988	5.19%	17.7%
1989	4.8%	17.9%
1990	4.44%	18.1%
1991	4.11%	18.1%
1992	3.81%	18.1%
1993	3.54%	17.9%
1994	3.29%	17.7%
1995	3.06%	17.3%
1996	2.86%	17%
1997	2.67%	16.7%
1998	2.5%	16.3%
1999	2.35%	15.9%
2000	2.21%	15.3%
2001	2.08%	14.4%
2002	1.96%	13.4%
2003	1.85%	12.4%
2004	1.75%	11.4%
2005	1.65%	10.5%
2006	1.56%	9.71%
2007	1.47%	9.14%
2008	1.38%	8.62%
2009	1.3%	8%
2010	1.22%	7.57%
2011	1.15%	7.31%
2012	1.08%	7.04%
2013	1.02%	6.72%
2014	0.96%	6.38%
2015	0.9%	6.15%
2016	0.85%	5.9%
2017	0.8%	5.61%
2018	0.76%	5.52%
2019	0.72%	5.41%
2020	0.69%	5.24%
2021	0.66%	4.92%
2022	0.64%	4.67%
2023	0.62%	4.47%