Fertility & birth rates in Romania and Zambia

Fertility rate in Romania vs Zambia by year

Chart Table

Romania

Zambia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Romania	Zambia
2023	1.71	4.1
2022	1.71	4.18
2021	1.81	4.25
2020	1.8	4.32
2019	1.77	4.42
2018	1.76	4.49
2017	1.78	4.57
2016	1.69	4.67
2015	1.62	4.78
2014	1.56	4.89
2013	1.46	5.01
2012	1.52	5.14
2011	1.47	5.26
2010	1.59	5.36
2009	1.66	5.45
2008	1.6	5.53
2007	1.45	5.61
2006	1.42	5.68
2005	1.4	5.7
2004	1.33	5.7
2003	1.3	5.71
2002	1.27	5.77
2001	1.27	5.85
2000	1.31	5.92
1999	1.3	6
1998	1.32	6.07
1997	1.32	6.12
1996	1.3	6.18
1995	1.33	6.23
1994	1.4	6.26
1993	1.43	6.3
1992	1.51	6.35
1991	1.59	6.46
1990	1.83	6.57
1989	2.22	6.64
1988	2.3	6.7
1987	2.38	6.8
1986	2.39	6.87
1985	2.31	6.93
1984	2.26	6.97
1983	2.06	7.01
1982	2.17	7.04
1981	2.36	7.07
1980	2.43	7.14
1979	2.49	7.22
1978	2.52	7.29
1977	2.57	7.35
1976	2.54	7.39
1975	2.59	7.42
1974	2.71	7.36
1973	2.44	7.34
1972	2.55	7.3
1971	2.67	7.26
1970	2.89	7.22
1969	3.19	7.18
1968	3.63	7.18
1967	3.66	7.15
1966	1.9	7.14
1965	1.91	7.12
1964	1.96	7.09
1963	2.01	7.06
1962	2.04	7.01
1961	2.17	6.98
1960	2.34	6.95

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Romania was 1.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Romania vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Romania

Zambia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Romania	Zambia
2023	-89,587	577,660
2022	-93,338	563,456
2021	-141,504	535,629
2020	-100,179	536,484
2019	-60,053	528,089
2018	-62,316	515,644
2017	-50,930	504,630
2016	-53,196	497,521
2015	-59,447	491,021
2014	-55,745	483,663
2013	-59,951	476,846
2012	-54,157	469,406
2011	-56,413	459,743
2010	-46,567	448,337
2009	-34,625	434,458
2008	-30,806	419,560
2007	-37,590	403,729
2006	-38,148	387,891
2005	-40,508	368,756
2004	-42,904	349,352
2003	-56,093	331,189
2002	-58,673	316,041
2001	-37,625	302,682
2000	-22,443	293,186
1999	-31,461	283,297
1998	-33,761	275,568
1997	-42,853	268,198
1996	-56,548	262,468
1995	-36,295	257,897
1994	-18,184	252,023
1993	-13,658	245,917
1992	-4,559	239,953
1991	25,301	237,957
1990	69,605	235,835
1989	122,756	233,429
1988	126,817	230,118
1987	128,517	227,813
1986	134,737	224,768
1985	111,392	221,351
1984	117,731	216,695
1983	87,986	212,712
1982	119,121	207,621
1981	156,472	202,822
1980	168,776	198,817
1979	194,397	197,578
1978	204,148	194,933
1977	215,385	191,557
1976	213,361	186,762
1975	219,324	182,258
1974	235,530	174,484
1973	175,020	168,258
1972	198,316	161,648
1971	206,662	155,249
1970	234,905	149,380
1969	264,120	142,660
1968	338,577	137,315
1967	347,709	131,938
1966	115,293	127,164
1965	114,190	122,814
1964	134,326	117,197
1963	139,104	114,555
1962	130,736	110,173
1961	163,286	106,318
1960	191,431	102,335

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.47% in Romania and +2.79% in Zambia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.4% in Romania and +2.87% in Zambia.

Birth rate in Romania vs Zambia by year

Chart Table

Romania

Zambia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Romania	Zambia
2023	8	33.1
2022	9.4	33.5
2021	10.1	33.9
2020	10.3	34.4
2019	10.3	35
2018	10.4	35.5
2017	10.8	35.9
2016	10.4	36.6
2015	10.2	37.3
2014	10	38.1
2013	9.4	39
2012	10	39.9
2011	9.7	40.7
2010	10.5	41.4
2009	10.9	42
2008	10.8	42.6
2007	10.3	43.2
2006	10.4	43.7
2005	10.4	43.8
2004	10.1	43.9
2003	9.8	43.9
2002	9.7	44.3
2001	10	44.8
2000	10.4	45.5
1999	10.4	45.9
1998	10.5	46.2
1997	10.5	46.3
1996	10.2	46.6
1995	10.4	46.8
1994	10.9	46.7
1993	11	46.6
1992	11.4	46.6
1991	12	46.9
1990	13.6	47
1989	16	47.1
1988	16.5	47.1
1987	16.7	47.3
1986	16.5	47.4
1985	15.8	47.4
1984	15.5	47.3
1983	14.3	47.3
1982	15.3	47.3
1981	17	47.3
1980	18	47.5
1979	18.6	48.2
1978	19	48.7
1977	19.5	49.2
1976	19.4	49.5
1975	19.6	50
1974	20.3	49.7
1973	18.2	49.7
1972	18.8	49.6
1971	19.6	49.4
1970	21.1	49.3
1969	23.3	48.9
1968	26.6	48.9
1967	27	48.8
1966	14.2	48.8
1965	14.6	48.8
1964	15.2	48.9
1963	15.7	48.9
1962	16.2	48.9
1961	17.5	48.9
1960	19.1	48.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Romania and 33.1 in Zambia, compared with 19.1 and 48.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Romania

Factual

UN forecast

Zambia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Romania	Zambia
2100	12.8%	21.6%
2099	12.8%	21.7%
2098	12.8%	21.9%
2097	12.9%	22%
2096	12.9%	22.2%
2095	13%	22.3%
2094	13.1%	22.5%
2093	13.1%	22.7%
2092	13.2%	22.8%
2091	13.2%	23%
2090	13.3%	23.1%
2089	13.4%	23.3%
2088	13.4%	23.5%
2087	13.5%	23.6%
2086	13.5%	23.8%
2085	13.5%	24%
2084	13.6%	24.2%
2083	13.6%	24.3%
2082	13.6%	24.5%
2081	13.6%	24.7%
2080	13.6%	24.9%
2079	13.6%	25.1%
2078	13.6%	25.3%
2077	13.6%	25.5%
2076	13.6%	25.7%
2075	13.6%	25.9%
2074	13.6%	26.1%
2073	13.6%	26.4%
2072	13.6%	26.6%
2071	13.6%	26.8%
2070	13.6%	27%
2069	13.6%	27.2%
2068	13.6%	27.5%
2067	13.6%	27.7%
2066	13.7%	27.9%
2065	13.7%	28.1%
2064	13.8%	28.4%
2063	13.8%	28.6%
2062	13.9%	28.9%
2061	13.9%	29.1%
2060	14%	29.3%
2059	14.1%	29.6%
2058	14.1%	29.8%
2057	14.2%	30.1%
2056	14.3%	30.4%
2055	14.3%	30.6%
2054	14.4%	30.9%
2053	14.4%	31.2%
2052	14.4%	31.5%
2051	14.4%	31.8%
2050	14.4%	32.2%
2049	14.4%	32.5%
2048	14.4%	32.8%
2047	14.4%	33.2%
2046	14.4%	33.5%
2045	14.3%	33.9%
2044	14.3%	34.2%
2043	14.3%	34.6%
2042	14.3%	34.9%
2041	14.2%	35.3%
2040	14.2%	35.6%
2039	14.2%	36%
2038	14.3%	36.3%
2037	14.3%	36.6%
2036	14.3%	37%
2035	14.4%	37.3%
2034	14.5%	37.6%
2033	14.6%	38%
2032	14.8%	38.3%
2031	15%	38.7%
2030	15.1%	39%
2029	15.2%	39.4%
2028	15.3%	39.8%
2027	15.4%	40.3%
2026	15.5%	40.7%
2025	15.6%	41.2%
2024	15.7%	41.5%
2023	15.9%	42%
2022	16%	42.4%
2021	16.1%	42.9%
2020	16.1%	43.3%
2019	16%	43.8%
2018	15.9%	44.1%
2017	15.8%	44.5%
2016	15.7%	44.9%
2015	15.7%	45.2%
2014	15.7%	45.5%
2013	15.7%	45.7%
2012	15.7%	45.9%
2011	15.8%	46.1%
2010	15.7%	46.3%
2009	15.7%	46.4%
2008	15.7%	46.6%
2007	15.7%	46.8%
2006	15.8%	47%
2005	16%	47.1%
2004	16.4%	47.3%
2003	16.9%	47.4%
2002	17.5%	47.6%
2001	18.1%	47.8%
2000	18.6%	48%
1999	19.1%	48.1%
1998	19.3%	48.2%
1997	19.6%	48.2%
1996	20%	48.2%
1995	20.5%	48.2%
1994	21%	48.2%
1993	21.6%	48.2%
1992	22.2%	48.2%
1991	22.8%	48.3%
1990	23.3%	48.4%
1989	23.7%	48.5%
1988	23.9%	48.6%
1987	24%	48.7%
1986	24.3%	48.8%
1985	24.6%	48.9%
1984	25.1%	49%
1983	25.9%	49.1%
1982	26.8%	49.3%
1981	27.1%	49.4%
1980	26.8%	49.5%
1979	26.5%	49.5%
1978	26.3%	49.4%
1977	26%	49.2%
1976	25.7%	49.1%
1975	25.3%	48.8%
1974	25.1%	48.6%
1973	24.9%	48.3%
1972	24.9%	48%
1971	24.9%	47.7%
1970	25.1%	47.4%
1969	25.1%	47.2%
1968	25.1%	47.1%
1967	25%	47%
1966	25.2%	46.9%
1965	26%	46.9%
1964	26.7%	46.7%
1963	27.3%	46.5%
1962	27.7%	46.3%
1961	28%	46.2%
1960	28.1%	46%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.7% of the population in Romania and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 23.3% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Romania and Zambia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Romania vs Zambia

Chart Table

Romania

Zambia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Romania	Zambia
2023	12	85
2022	13	89
2021	20	140
2020	16	99
2019	14	103
2018	15	117
2017	17	141
2016	17	158
2015	18	154
2014	18	174
2013	18	213
2012	19	256
2011	20	291
2010	23	332
2009	25	406
2008	25	394
2007	25	324
2006	27	262
2005	30	264
2004	32	260
2003	35	250
2002	38	274
2001	41	306
2000	45	340
1999	51	378
1998	58	392
1997	66	403
1996	72	433
1995	75	466
1994	80	507
1993	87	532
1992	95	581
1991	104	611
1990	118	625
1989	143	635
1988	159	635
1987	173	630
1986	180	619
1985	184	596

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in Romania, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Romania

Zambia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Romania	Zambia
2023	0.66%	4.47%
2022	0.66%	4.67%
2021	0.65%	4.92%
2020	0.66%	5.24%
2019	0.68%	5.41%
2018	0.73%	5.52%
2017	0.79%	5.61%
2016	0.85%	5.9%
2015	0.92%	6.15%
2014	0.99%	6.38%
2013	1.05%	6.72%
2012	1.12%	7.04%
2011	1.18%	7.31%
2010	1.24%	7.57%
2009	1.31%	8%
2008	1.4%	8.62%
2007	1.51%	9.14%
2006	1.66%	9.71%
2005	1.82%	10.5%
2004	1.94%	11.4%
2003	1.99%	12.4%
2002	2.01%	13.4%
2001	2.06%	14.4%
2000	2.16%	15.3%
1999	2.29%	15.9%
1998	2.44%	16.3%
1997	2.58%	16.7%
1996	2.68%	17%
1995	2.73%	17.3%
1994	2.76%	17.7%
1993	2.79%	17.9%
1992	2.84%	18.1%
1991	2.97%	18.1%
1990	3.14%	18.1%
1989	3.31%	17.9%
1988	3.43%	17.7%
1987	3.45%	17.3%
1986	3.33%	17%
1985	3.16%	16.6%
1984	3.08%	16.2%
1983	3.14%	15.9%
1982	3.28%	15.7%
1981	3.44%	15.6%
1980	3.57%	15.5%
1979	3.68%	15.4%
1978	3.76%	15.3%
1977	3.86%	15.3%
1976	4.05%	15.4%
1975	4.27%	15.5%
1974	4.43%	15.9%
1973	4.49%	16.3%
1972	4.64%	16.9%
1971	5.06%	17.4%
1970	5.69%	17.9%
1969	6.23%	18.3%
1968	6.44%	18.5%
1967	6.27%	18.7%
1966	5.83%	18.9%
1965	5.44%	19%
1964	5.45%	19.2%
1963	6.03%	19.5%
1962	6.98%	19.8%
1961	7.98%	20.1%
1960	8.82%	20.5%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.66% in Romania and 4.47% in Zambia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.