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Fertility & birth rates in Vietnam and Zambia

Updated on by Georank team

Vietnam has an annual birth rate of 13.8 births per 1,000 people, compared to 33.1 for Zambia. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.91 in Vietnam and 4.1 in Zambia — 114.4% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -69.5% in Vietnam and by -41% in Zambia — in 1960, it was 6.27 and 6.95, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Vietnam is ranked 103/196 by birth rate compared to 19/196 for Zambia.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 27.2 in Vietnam — it's 28.4 in Zambia.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 34.3 in Vietnam vs 115.9 in Zambia.
  • In Vietnam, 25.7% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 25.3% in Zambia.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.73% in Vietnam and +2.79% in Zambia.

Birth rate data compared

Vietnam Zambia
Fertility rate 1.91 4.1
Birth rate 13.8 33.1
Birth rate rank 103/196 19/196
Age at first childbirth n/a 19.2 years
Average age at childbearing 27.2 years 28.4 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 34.1 115
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 113.5 175.9
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 15.3 65.3
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 25.7% 25.3%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 59.8% 47.5%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 96.1% 80.4%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.05% 0.09%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 1.03% 2.2%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 1.4% 3.09%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 2% 4.47%
Population change due to births and deaths +727,955 +577,660
Natural population change rank 27/196 34/196
Natural population change rate +0.73% +2.79%
Population growth +0.63% +2.85%
Population growth rank 124/197 22/197
Life expectancy 74.9 years 66.7 years

Fertility rate in Vietnam vs Zambia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Vietnam was 1.91 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Vietnam vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Vietnam
Factual

UN forecast
Zambia
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Vietnam Zambia
1960 6.27 6.95
1961 5.48 6.98
1962 6.26 7.01
1963 6.39 7.06
1964 6.29 7.09
1965 6.16 7.12
1966 5.97 7.14
1967 5.88 7.15
1968 6.03 7.18
1969 6.01 7.18
1970 6.02 7.22
1971 6.07 7.26
1972 6.1 7.3
1973 6.11 7.34
1974 5.78 7.36
1975 5.62 7.42
1976 5.46 7.39
1977 5.29 7.35
1978 5.1 7.29
1979 4.94 7.22
1980 4.8 7.14
1981 4.67 7.07
1982 4.59 7.04
1983 4.52 7.01
1984 4.41 6.97
1985 4.21 6.93
1986 3.96 6.87
1987 3.72 6.8
1988 3.62 6.7
1989 3.64 6.64
1990 3.6 6.57
1991 3.52 6.46
1992 3.35 6.35
1993 3.17 6.3
1994 2.94 6.26
1995 2.7 6.23
1996 2.47 6.18
1997 2.27 6.12
1998 2.1 6.07
1999 2 6
2000 2.03 5.92
2001 2.02 5.85
2002 2.01 5.77
2003 2 5.71
2004 1.97 5.7
2005 1.89 5.7
2006 1.87 5.68
2007 1.91 5.61
2008 1.93 5.53
2009 1.92 5.45
2010 1.91 5.36
2011 1.93 5.26
2012 1.97 5.14
2013 1.98 5.01
2014 2.09 4.89
2015 2.1 4.78
2016 2 4.67
2017 1.99 4.57
2018 1.88 4.49
2019 1.94 4.42
2020 1.96 4.32
2021 1.94 4.25
2022 1.93 4.18
2023 1.91 4.1
2024 1.9 4.04
2025 1.88 3.97
2026 1.86 3.91
2027 1.85 3.85
2028 1.84 3.77
2029 1.83 3.72
2030 1.82 3.67
2031 1.81 3.61
2032 1.8 3.56
2033 1.79 3.5
2034 1.79 3.45
2035 1.78 3.4
2036 1.78 3.35
2037 1.78 3.3
2038 1.77 3.25
2039 1.77 3.19
2040 1.77 3.15
2041 1.77 3.11
2042 1.77 3.07
2043 1.76 3.03
2044 1.76 3
2045 1.76 2.96
2046 1.76 2.93
2047 1.75 2.9
2048 1.75 2.87
2049 1.75 2.84
2050 1.75 2.81

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Vietnam
Factual

UN forecast
Zambia
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Vietnam Zambia
1960 41.1% 46%
1961 41.8% 46.2%
1962 42.4% 46.3%
1963 43.1% 46.5%
1964 43.4% 46.7%
1965 43.5% 46.9%
1966 43.6% 46.9%
1967 43.5% 47%
1968 43.4% 47.1%
1969 43.2% 47.2%
1970 42.9% 47.4%
1971 42.7% 47.7%
1972 42.4% 48%
1973 42.1% 48.3%
1974 41.8% 48.6%
1975 41.4% 48.8%
1976 41.2% 49.1%
1977 41% 49.2%
1978 40.6% 49.4%
1979 40.4% 49.5%
1980 40.3% 49.5%
1981 40.2% 49.4%
1982 40.2% 49.3%
1983 40.2% 49.1%
1984 40.1% 49%
1985 40.1% 48.9%
1986 39.9% 48.8%
1987 39.6% 48.7%
1988 39.2% 48.6%
1989 38.8% 48.5%
1990 38.5% 48.4%
1991 38.1% 48.3%
1992 37.7% 48.2%
1993 37.2% 48.2%
1994 36.7% 48.2%
1995 36.1% 48.2%
1996 35.4% 48.2%
1997 34.5% 48.2%
1998 33.5% 48.2%
1999 32.5% 48.1%
2000 31.5% 48%
2001 30.6% 47.8%
2002 29.9% 47.6%
2003 29.2% 47.4%
2004 28.5% 47.3%
2005 27.7% 47.1%
2006 26.9% 47%
2007 26.2% 46.8%
2008 25.6% 46.6%
2009 25.1% 46.4%
2010 24.6% 46.3%
2011 24.2% 46.1%
2012 24% 45.9%
2013 23.9% 45.7%
2014 24% 45.5%
2015 24% 45.2%
2016 24.1% 44.9%
2017 24.4% 44.5%
2018 24.6% 44.1%
2019 24.5% 43.8%
2020 24.4% 43.3%
2021 24.2% 42.9%
2022 23.9% 42.4%
2023 23.6% 42%
2024 23.2% 41.5%
2025 22.9% 41%
2026 22.4% 40.5%
2027 21.8% 40%
2028 21.1% 39.6%
2029 20.5% 39.2%
2030 19.9% 38.8%
2031 19.5% 38.5%
2032 19.1% 38.1%
2033 18.8% 37.8%
2034 18.5% 37.5%
2035 18.3% 37.1%
2036 18.1% 36.8%
2037 17.9% 36.5%
2038 17.8% 36.1%
2039 17.7% 35.8%
2040 17.6% 35.4%
2041 17.5% 35.1%
2042 17.5% 34.7%
2043 17.5% 34.4%
2044 17.4% 34%
2045 17.4% 33.7%
2046 17.3% 33.3%
2047 17.3% 33%
2048 17.2% 32.6%
2049 17.1% 32.3%
2050 17% 32%

Children aged 0-14 make up 23.2% of the population in Vietnam and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 38.5% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Vietnam and Zambia compared.

Natural population change in Vietnam vs Zambia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.97% in Vietnam and +2.87% in Zambia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Vietnam
Zambia

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Vietnam Zambia
1960 955,268 102,335
1961 798,978 106,318
1962 960,046 110,173
1963 961,067 114,555
1964 950,219 117,197
1965 913,761 122,814
1966 876,283 127,164
1967 862,071 131,938
1968 815,116 137,315
1969 878,359 142,660
1970 905,902 149,380
1971 963,259 155,249
1972 921,524 161,648
1973 1,061,707 168,258
1974 1,000,505 174,484
1975 1,175,181 182,258
1976 1,232,608 186,762
1977 1,259,315 191,557
1978 1,286,991 194,933
1979 1,314,563 197,578
1980 1,321,595 198,817
1981 1,358,500 202,822
1982 1,407,959 207,621
1983 1,453,913 212,712
1984 1,477,448 216,695
1985 1,453,954 221,351
1986 1,407,957 224,768
1987 1,359,481 227,813
1988 1,370,108 230,118
1989 1,423,622 233,429
1990 1,449,157 235,835
1991 1,459,311 237,957
1992 1,419,952 239,953
1993 1,370,365 245,917
1994 1,291,534 252,023
1995 1,203,666 257,897
1996 1,108,686 262,468
1997 1,028,116 268,198
1998 959,016 275,568
1999 925,519 283,297
2000 966,894 293,186
2001 985,610 302,682
2002 991,427 316,041
2003 1,001,470 331,189
2004 985,438 349,352
2005 942,084 368,756
2006 943,041 387,891
2007 981,689 403,729
2008 1,008,141 419,560
2009 1,007,778 434,458
2010 1,005,559 448,337
2011 1,029,859 459,743
2012 1,063,741 469,406
2013 1,071,570 476,846
2014 1,151,221 483,663
2015 1,145,903 491,021
2016 1,045,094 497,521
2017 1,001,833 504,630
2018 882,977 515,644
2019 895,262 528,089
2020 924,004 536,484
2021 799,593 535,629
2022 775,914 563,456
2023 727,955 577,660

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Vietnam vs Zambia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 48 deaths per 100,000 live births in Vietnam, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.

Vietnam
Zambia
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Vietnam Zambia
1985 186 596
1986 174 619
1987 163 630
1988 155 635
1989 152 635
1990 147 625
1991 142 611
1992 139 581
1993 135 532
1994 130 507
1995 119 466
1996 111 433
1997 104 403
1998 93 392
1999 86 378
2000 83 340
2001 78 306
2002 74 274
2003 71 250
2004 72 260
2005 69 264
2006 67 262
2007 66 324
2008 65 394
2009 64 406
2010 62 332
2011 61 291
2012 60 256
2013 60 213
2014 59 174
2015 58 154
2016 56 158
2017 55 141
2018 53 117
2019 52 103
2020 51 99
2021 52 140
2022 49 89
2023 48 85

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2% in Vietnam and 4.47% in Zambia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Vietnam
Zambia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Vietnam Zambia
1960 - 20.5%
1961 - 20.1%
1962 - 19.8%
1963 - 19.5%
1964 8.73% 19.2%
1965 9.93% 19%
1966 9.97% 18.9%
1967 10% 18.7%
1968 11.6% 18.5%
1969 10.8% 18.3%
1970 10.7% 17.9%
1971 10.5% 17.4%
1972 11.9% 16.9%
1973 10.4% 16.3%
1974 10.7% 15.9%
1975 7.75% 15.5%
1976 7.6% 15.4%
1977 7.44% 15.3%
1978 7.27% 15.3%
1979 7.1% 15.4%
1980 6.94% 15.5%
1981 6.79% 15.6%
1982 6.64% 15.7%
1983 6.5% 15.9%
1984 6.36% 16.2%
1985 6.21% 16.6%
1986 6.04% 17%
1987 5.85% 17.3%
1988 5.64% 17.7%
1989 5.4% 17.9%
1990 5.15% 18.1%
1991 4.9% 18.1%
1992 4.64% 18.1%
1993 4.39% 17.9%
1994 4.14% 17.7%
1995 3.9% 17.3%
1996 3.68% 17%
1997 3.48% 16.7%
1998 3.29% 16.3%
1999 3.13% 15.9%
2000 2.98% 15.3%
2001 2.86% 14.4%
2002 2.74% 13.4%
2003 2.65% 12.4%
2004 2.57% 11.4%
2005 2.5% 10.5%
2006 2.45% 9.71%
2007 2.4% 9.14%
2008 2.36% 8.62%
2009 2.33% 8%
2010 2.31% 7.57%
2011 2.28% 7.31%
2012 2.26% 7.04%
2013 2.24% 6.72%
2014 2.22% 6.38%
2015 2.2% 6.15%
2016 2.18% 5.9%
2017 2.15% 5.61%
2018 2.14% 5.52%
2019 2.12% 5.41%
2020 2.1% 5.24%
2021 2.07% 4.92%
2022 2.04% 4.67%
2023 2% 4.47%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Vietnam vs Zambia
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