Poland has an annual birth rate of 7.4 births per 1,000 people, compared to 8 for Romania. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.16 in Poland and 1.71 in Romania — 47.7% difference.
1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -61.1% in Poland and by -26.9% in Romania — in 1960, it was 2.98 and 2.34, respectively.
Birth rates facts compared:
- Poland is ranked 183/196 by birth rate compared to 177/196 for Romania.
- The mean age for first-time mothers is 28.4 years in Poland, compared to 27.1 years in Romania.
- The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 30 in Poland — it's 28.4 in Romania.
- Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 6.19 in Poland vs 33.8 in Romania.
- In Poland, 22.9% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 21.4% in Romania.
- Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Poland and -0.47% in Romania.
Birth rate data compared
Poland
|
Romania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Fertility rate | 1.16 | 1.71 |
| Birth rate | 7.4 | 8 |
| Birth rate rank | 183/196 | 177/196 |
| Age at first childbirth | 28.4 years | 27.1 years |
| Average age at childbearing | 30 years | 28.4 years |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 | 5.61 | 31.7 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 | 67.4 | 86.6 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ | 11.8 | 11.2 |
| Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population | 22.9% | 21.4% |
| Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 | 50.7% | 50.5% |
| Share of births attended by skilled health staff | 99.6% | 93% |
| Maternal mortality per live birth | 0.002% | 0.01% |
| Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) | 0.24% | 0.33% |
| Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) | 0.37% | 0.54% |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | 0.44% | 0.66% |
| Population change due to births and deaths | -135,743 | -89,580 |
| Natural population change rank | 190/196 | 188/196 |
| Natural population change rate | -0.37% | -0.47% |
| Population growth | -0.36% | +0.05% |
| Population growth rank | 179/197 | 162/197 |
| Life expectancy | 79 years | 76.2 years |
Fertility rate in Poland vs Romania chart
According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Poland was 1.16 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.71 in Romania in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.
Check Poland vs Romania population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.
The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.
Poland
Factual
UN forecast
Romania
Factual
UN forecast
Births per woman
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Poland
|
Romania
|
|
| 1960 | 2.98 | 2.34 |
| 1961 | 2.83 | 2.17 |
| 1962 | 2.72 | 2.04 |
| 1963 | 2.7 | 2.01 |
| 1964 | 2.57 | 1.96 |
| 1965 | 2.52 | 1.91 |
| 1966 | 2.34 | 1.9 |
| 1967 | 2.33 | 3.66 |
| 1968 | 2.24 | 3.63 |
| 1969 | 2.2 | 3.19 |
| 1970 | 2.2 | 2.89 |
| 1971 | 2.25 | 2.67 |
| 1972 | 2.24 | 2.55 |
| 1973 | 2.26 | 2.44 |
| 1974 | 2.26 | 2.71 |
| 1975 | 2.27 | 2.59 |
| 1976 | 2.3 | 2.54 |
| 1977 | 2.23 | 2.57 |
| 1978 | 2.21 | 2.52 |
| 1979 | 2.28 | 2.49 |
| 1980 | 2.28 | 2.43 |
| 1981 | 2.24 | 2.36 |
| 1982 | 2.34 | 2.17 |
| 1983 | 2.42 | 2.06 |
| 1984 | 2.37 | 2.26 |
| 1985 | 2.33 | 2.31 |
| 1986 | 2.22 | 2.39 |
| 1987 | 2.15 | 2.38 |
| 1988 | 2.13 | 2.3 |
| 1989 | 2.08 | 2.22 |
| 1990 | 2.06 | 1.83 |
| 1991 | 2.07 | 1.59 |
| 1992 | 1.95 | 1.51 |
| 1993 | 1.87 | 1.43 |
| 1994 | 1.81 | 1.4 |
| 1995 | 1.62 | 1.33 |
| 1996 | 1.59 | 1.3 |
| 1997 | 1.51 | 1.32 |
| 1998 | 1.44 | 1.32 |
| 1999 | 1.37 | 1.3 |
| 2000 | 1.37 | 1.31 |
| 2001 | 1.31 | 1.27 |
| 2002 | 1.25 | 1.27 |
| 2003 | 1.22 | 1.3 |
| 2004 | 1.23 | 1.33 |
| 2005 | 1.24 | 1.4 |
| 2006 | 1.27 | 1.42 |
| 2007 | 1.31 | 1.45 |
| 2008 | 1.39 | 1.6 |
| 2009 | 1.4 | 1.66 |
| 2010 | 1.41 | 1.59 |
| 2011 | 1.33 | 1.47 |
| 2012 | 1.33 | 1.52 |
| 2013 | 1.29 | 1.46 |
| 2014 | 1.32 | 1.56 |
| 2015 | 1.32 | 1.62 |
| 2016 | 1.39 | 1.69 |
| 2017 | 1.48 | 1.78 |
| 2018 | 1.46 | 1.76 |
| 2019 | 1.44 | 1.77 |
| 2020 | 1.39 | 1.8 |
| 2021 | 1.33 | 1.81 |
| 2022 | 1.29 | 1.71 |
| 2023 | 1.16 | 1.71 |
| 2024 | 1.16 | 1.71 |
| 2025 | 1.17 | 1.71 |
| 2026 | 1.17 | 1.7 |
| 2027 | 1.17 | 1.7 |
| 2028 | 1.18 | 1.7 |
| 2029 | 1.18 | 1.7 |
| 2030 | 1.19 | 1.7 |
| 2031 | 1.19 | 1.7 |
| 2032 | 1.19 | 1.7 |
| 2033 | 1.2 | 1.69 |
| 2034 | 1.2 | 1.69 |
| 2035 | 1.21 | 1.69 |
| 2036 | 1.21 | 1.69 |
| 2037 | 1.21 | 1.69 |
| 2038 | 1.21 | 1.69 |
| 2039 | 1.22 | 1.69 |
| 2040 | 1.22 | 1.69 |
| 2041 | 1.22 | 1.68 |
| 2042 | 1.22 | 1.68 |
| 2043 | 1.23 | 1.68 |
| 2044 | 1.23 | 1.68 |
| 2045 | 1.24 | 1.68 |
| 2046 | 1.24 | 1.68 |
| 2047 | 1.24 | 1.68 |
| 2048 | 1.24 | 1.68 |
| 2049 | 1.24 | 1.68 |
| 2050 | 1.25 | 1.68 |
Children 0-14 years as share of population
Poland
Factual
UN forecast
Romania
Factual
UN forecast
| Year | Share of people 0-14 years old | |
|---|---|---|
|
Poland
|
Romania
|
|
| 1960 | 33.4% | 28.1% |
| 1961 | 33.4% | 28% |
| 1962 | 33% | 27.7% |
| 1963 | 32.5% | 27.3% |
| 1964 | 31.9% | 26.7% |
| 1965 | 31.1% | 26% |
| 1966 | 30.3% | 25.2% |
| 1967 | 29.5% | 25% |
| 1968 | 28.6% | 25.1% |
| 1969 | 27.8% | 25.1% |
| 1970 | 26.9% | 25.1% |
| 1971 | 26.1% | 24.9% |
| 1972 | 25.4% | 24.9% |
| 1973 | 24.8% | 24.9% |
| 1974 | 24.3% | 25.1% |
| 1975 | 24% | 25.3% |
| 1976 | 24% | 25.7% |
| 1977 | 24% | 26% |
| 1978 | 24% | 26.3% |
| 1979 | 24.1% | 26.5% |
| 1980 | 24.3% | 26.8% |
| 1981 | 24.5% | 27.1% |
| 1982 | 24.7% | 26.8% |
| 1983 | 25% | 25.9% |
| 1984 | 25.3% | 25.1% |
| 1985 | 25.5% | 24.6% |
| 1986 | 25.6% | 24.3% |
| 1987 | 25.6% | 24% |
| 1988 | 25.5% | 23.9% |
| 1989 | 25.3% | 23.7% |
| 1990 | 25% | 23.3% |
| 1991 | 24.6% | 22.8% |
| 1992 | 24.3% | 22.2% |
| 1993 | 23.9% | 21.6% |
| 1994 | 23.4% | 21% |
| 1995 | 22.8% | 20.5% |
| 1996 | 22.2% | 20% |
| 1997 | 21.6% | 19.6% |
| 1998 | 20.9% | 19.3% |
| 1999 | 20.2% | 19.1% |
| 2000 | 19.4% | 18.6% |
| 2001 | 18.7% | 18.1% |
| 2002 | 18.1% | 17.5% |
| 2003 | 17.5% | 16.9% |
| 2004 | 17% | 16.4% |
| 2005 | 16.5% | 16% |
| 2006 | 16% | 15.8% |
| 2007 | 15.7% | 15.7% |
| 2008 | 15.4% | 15.7% |
| 2009 | 15.2% | 15.7% |
| 2010 | 15.1% | 15.7% |
| 2011 | 15.2% | 15.8% |
| 2012 | 15.1% | 15.7% |
| 2013 | 15.1% | 15.7% |
| 2014 | 15.1% | 15.7% |
| 2015 | 15.1% | 15.7% |
| 2016 | 15.1% | 15.7% |
| 2017 | 15.2% | 15.8% |
| 2018 | 15.3% | 15.9% |
| 2019 | 15.4% | 16% |
| 2020 | 15.5% | 16.1% |
| 2021 | 15.5% | 16.1% |
| 2022 | 15.3% | 16% |
| 2023 | 15.1% | 15.9% |
| 2024 | 14.8% | 15.7% |
| 2025 | 14.5% | 15.6% |
| 2026 | 14.1% | 15.4% |
| 2027 | 13.8% | 15.3% |
| 2028 | 13.5% | 15.2% |
| 2029 | 13.2% | 15.1% |
| 2030 | 13% | 15% |
| 2031 | 12.7% | 14.9% |
| 2032 | 12.4% | 14.7% |
| 2033 | 12.1% | 14.6% |
| 2034 | 11.8% | 14.4% |
| 2035 | 11.5% | 14.4% |
| 2036 | 11.3% | 14.3% |
| 2037 | 11.2% | 14.3% |
| 2038 | 11.1% | 14.3% |
| 2039 | 11.1% | 14.2% |
| 2040 | 11.1% | 14.2% |
| 2041 | 11% | 14.3% |
| 2042 | 11.1% | 14.3% |
| 2043 | 11.1% | 14.3% |
| 2044 | 11.1% | 14.3% |
| 2045 | 11.2% | 14.4% |
| 2046 | 11.3% | 14.4% |
| 2047 | 11.3% | 14.4% |
| 2048 | 11.4% | 14.4% |
| 2049 | 11.5% | 14.4% |
| 2050 | 11.5% | 14.4% |
Children aged 0-14 make up 14.8% of the population in Poland and 15.7% in Romania in 2024, compared to 25% and 23.3% respectively in 1990.
Natural population change in Poland vs Romania by year
For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.18% in Poland and -0.4% in Romania. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.
Poland
Romania
Natural population change
| Year | Population change due to births and deaths | |
|---|---|---|
|
Poland
|
Romania
|
|
| 1960 | 444,562 | 191,431 |
| 1961 | 398,521 | 163,286 |
| 1962 | 360,671 | 130,736 |
| 1963 | 359,330 | 139,104 |
| 1964 | 326,965 | 134,326 |
| 1965 | 314,450 | 114,190 |
| 1966 | 297,801 | 115,293 |
| 1967 | 275,089 | 347,709 |
| 1968 | 280,963 | 338,577 |
| 1969 | 270,151 | 264,120 |
| 1970 | 280,913 | 234,905 |
| 1971 | 278,660 | 206,662 |
| 1972 | 314,028 | 198,316 |
| 1973 | 320,229 | 175,020 |
| 1974 | 346,893 | 235,530 |
| 1975 | 350,356 | 219,324 |
| 1976 | 367,612 | 213,361 |
| 1977 | 353,828 | 215,385 |
| 1978 | 339,166 | 204,148 |
| 1979 | 366,571 | 194,397 |
| 1980 | 348,627 | 168,776 |
| 1981 | 351,806 | 156,472 |
| 1982 | 369,551 | 119,121 |
| 1983 | 373,032 | 87,986 |
| 1984 | 332,137 | 117,731 |
| 1985 | 297,615 | 111,392 |
| 1986 | 258,448 | 134,737 |
| 1987 | 226,008 | 128,517 |
| 1988 | 215,599 | 126,817 |
| 1989 | 182,215 | 122,756 |
| 1990 | 160,066 | 69,605 |
| 1991 | 141,511 | 25,301 |
| 1992 | 118,928 | -4,559 |
| 1993 | 103,846 | -13,658 |
| 1994 | 96,357 | -18,184 |
| 1995 | 46,314 | -36,295 |
| 1996 | 42,487 | -56,548 |
| 1997 | 34,785 | -42,853 |
| 1998 | 19,332 | -33,761 |
| 1999 | 0 | -31,461 |
| 2000 | 11,478 | -22,443 |
| 2001 | 3,825 | -37,625 |
| 2002 | -3,823 | -58,673 |
| 2003 | -15,281 | -56,093 |
| 2004 | -7,637 | -42,904 |
| 2005 | -3,817 | -40,508 |
| 2006 | 3,814 | -38,148 |
| 2007 | 11,436 | -37,590 |
| 2008 | 34,313 | -30,806 |
| 2009 | 30,521 | -34,625 |
| 2010 | 38,043 | -46,567 |
| 2011 | 11,419 | -56,413 |
| 2012 | 0 | -54,157 |
| 2013 | -19,020 | -59,951 |
| 2014 | 0 | -55,745 |
| 2015 | -26,590 | -59,447 |
| 2016 | -3,797 | -53,196 |
| 2017 | 0 | -50,930 |
| 2018 | -26,582 | -62,316 |
| 2019 | -34,169 | -60,053 |
| 2020 | -120,050 | -100,179 |
| 2021 | -184,907 | -141,504 |
| 2022 | -143,605 | -93,338 |
| 2023 | -135,743 | -89,580 |
Fertility rates around the globe
Fertility rate
Maternal mortality chart: Poland vs Romania
The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 2 deaths per 100,000 live births in Poland, compared to 12 deaths in Romania.
Poland
Romania
| Year | Maternal mortality per 100K births | |
|---|---|---|
|
Poland
|
Romania
|
|
| 1985 | 19 | 184 |
| 1986 | 19 | 180 |
| 1987 | 18 | 173 |
| 1988 | 18 | 159 |
| 1989 | 18 | 143 |
| 1990 | 18 | 118 |
| 1991 | 18 | 104 |
| 1992 | 16 | 95 |
| 1993 | 15 | 87 |
| 1994 | 14 | 80 |
| 1995 | 12 | 75 |
| 1996 | 11 | 72 |
| 1997 | 10 | 66 |
| 1998 | 9 | 58 |
| 1999 | 8 | 51 |
| 2000 | 7 | 45 |
| 2001 | 6 | 41 |
| 2002 | 5 | 38 |
| 2003 | 5 | 35 |
| 2004 | 4 | 32 |
| 2005 | 4 | 30 |
| 2006 | 4 | 27 |
| 2007 | 3 | 25 |
| 2008 | 3 | 25 |
| 2009 | 3 | 25 |
| 2010 | 3 | 23 |
| 2011 | 2 | 20 |
| 2012 | 2 | 19 |
| 2013 | 2 | 18 |
| 2014 | 2 | 18 |
| 2015 | 2 | 18 |
| 2016 | 2 | 17 |
| 2017 | 2 | 17 |
| 2018 | 2 | 15 |
| 2019 | 2 | 14 |
| 2020 | 3 | 16 |
| 2021 | 2 | 20 |
| 2022 | 2 | 13 |
| 2023 | 2 | 12 |
Under-five mortality rates
The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.44% in Poland and 0.66% in Romania. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.
Poland
Romania
Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five
| Year | Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | |
|---|---|---|
|
Poland
|
Romania
|
|
| 1960 | 6.51% | 8.82% |
| 1961 | 6.02% | 7.98% |
| 1962 | 5.6% | 6.98% |
| 1963 | 5.23% | 6.03% |
| 1964 | 4.89% | 5.45% |
| 1965 | 4.57% | 5.44% |
| 1966 | 4.29% | 5.83% |
| 1967 | 4.06% | 6.27% |
| 1968 | 3.89% | 6.44% |
| 1969 | 3.75% | 6.23% |
| 1970 | 3.59% | 5.69% |
| 1971 | 3.42% | 5.06% |
| 1972 | 3.24% | 4.64% |
| 1973 | 3.06% | 4.49% |
| 1974 | 2.9% | 4.43% |
| 1975 | 2.79% | 4.27% |
| 1976 | 2.7% | 4.05% |
| 1977 | 2.62% | 3.86% |
| 1978 | 2.54% | 3.76% |
| 1979 | 2.47% | 3.68% |
| 1980 | 2.4% | 3.57% |
| 1981 | 2.33% | 3.44% |
| 1982 | 2.26% | 3.28% |
| 1983 | 2.19% | 3.14% |
| 1984 | 2.11% | 3.08% |
| 1985 | 2.03% | 3.16% |
| 1986 | 1.96% | 3.33% |
| 1987 | 1.89% | 3.45% |
| 1988 | 1.84% | 3.43% |
| 1989 | 1.79% | 3.31% |
| 1990 | 1.74% | 3.14% |
| 1991 | 1.69% | 2.97% |
| 1992 | 1.65% | 2.84% |
| 1993 | 1.6% | 2.79% |
| 1994 | 1.53% | 2.76% |
| 1995 | 1.43% | 2.73% |
| 1996 | 1.32% | 2.68% |
| 1997 | 1.2% | 2.58% |
| 1998 | 1.09% | 2.44% |
| 1999 | 1% | 2.29% |
| 2000 | 0.93% | 2.16% |
| 2001 | 0.88% | 2.06% |
| 2002 | 0.84% | 2.01% |
| 2003 | 0.81% | 1.99% |
| 2004 | 0.78% | 1.94% |
| 2005 | 0.76% | 1.82% |
| 2006 | 0.73% | 1.66% |
| 2007 | 0.7% | 1.51% |
| 2008 | 0.67% | 1.4% |
| 2009 | 0.63% | 1.31% |
| 2010 | 0.6% | 1.24% |
| 2011 | 0.57% | 1.18% |
| 2012 | 0.54% | 1.12% |
| 2013 | 0.52% | 1.05% |
| 2014 | 0.5% | 0.99% |
| 2015 | 0.49% | 0.92% |
| 2016 | 0.48% | 0.85% |
| 2017 | 0.46% | 0.79% |
| 2018 | 0.45% | 0.73% |
| 2019 | 0.44% | 0.68% |
| 2020 | 0.44% | 0.66% |
| 2021 | 0.44% | 0.65% |
| 2022 | 0.44% | 0.66% |
| 2023 | 0.44% | 0.66% |
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