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Fertility & birth rates in Latvia and Poland

Updated on by Georank team

Latvia has an annual birth rate of 7.7 births per 1,000 people, compared to 7.4 for Poland. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.36 in Latvia and 1.16 in Poland — 14.9% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -29.9% in Latvia and by -61.1% in Poland — in 1960, it was 1.94 and 2.98, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Latvia is ranked 181/196 by birth rate compared to 183/196 for Poland.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 28 years in Latvia, compared to 28.4 years in Poland.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 30.5 in Latvia — it's 30 in Poland.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 7.57 in Latvia vs 6.19 in Poland.
  • In Latvia, 20.7% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 22.9% in Poland.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.72% in Latvia and -0.37% in Poland.

Birth rate data compared

Latvia Poland
Fertility rate 1.36 1.16
Birth rate 7.7 7.4
Birth rate rank 181/196 183/196
Age at first childbirth 28 years 28.4 years
Average age at childbearing 30.5 years 30 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 7.13 5.61
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 60.1 67.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 11.5 11.8
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 20.7% 22.9%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 55.6% 50.7%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.9% 99.6%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.02% 0.002%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.15% 0.24%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.25% 0.37%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.3% 0.44%
Population change due to births and deaths -13,517 -135,743
Natural population change rank 172/196 190/196
Natural population change rate -0.72% -0.37%
Population growth -0.8% -0.36%
Population growth rank 190/197 179/197
Life expectancy 76.5 years 79 years

Fertility rate in Latvia vs Poland chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Latvia was 1.36 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.16 in Poland in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Latvia vs Poland population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Latvia
Factual

UN forecast
Poland
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Latvia Poland
1960 1.94 2.98
1961 1.94 2.83
1962 1.91 2.72
1963 1.85 2.7
1964 1.79 2.57
1965 1.74 2.52
1966 1.76 2.34
1967 1.8 2.33
1968 1.83 2.24
1969 1.88 2.2
1970 1.96 2.2
1971 2 2.25
1972 2 2.24
1973 1.98 2.26
1974 1.97 2.26
1975 1.96 2.27
1976 1.93 2.3
1977 1.89 2.23
1978 1.87 2.21
1979 1.87 2.28
1980 1.86 2.28
1981 1.88 2.24
1982 1.97 2.34
1983 2.07 2.42
1984 2.09 2.37
1985 2.08 2.33
1986 2.12 2.22
1987 2.15 2.15
1988 2.11 2.13
1989 2.05 2.08
1990 2.02 2.06
1991 1.86 2.07
1992 1.73 1.95
1993 1.51 1.87
1994 1.39 1.81
1995 1.25 1.62
1996 1.16 1.59
1997 1.11 1.51
1998 1.09 1.44
1999 1.16 1.37
2000 1.25 1.37
2001 1.22 1.31
2002 1.26 1.25
2003 1.32 1.22
2004 1.29 1.23
2005 1.39 1.24
2006 1.46 1.27
2007 1.54 1.31
2008 1.58 1.39
2009 1.46 1.4
2010 1.36 1.41
2011 1.33 1.33
2012 1.44 1.33
2013 1.52 1.29
2014 1.65 1.32
2015 1.7 1.32
2016 1.74 1.39
2017 1.69 1.48
2018 1.6 1.46
2019 1.61 1.44
2020 1.55 1.39
2021 1.57 1.33
2022 1.47 1.29
2023 1.36 1.16
2024 1.36 1.16
2025 1.37 1.17
2026 1.38 1.17
2027 1.38 1.17
2028 1.39 1.18
2029 1.39 1.18
2030 1.4 1.19
2031 1.4 1.19
2032 1.41 1.19
2033 1.41 1.2
2034 1.41 1.2
2035 1.42 1.21
2036 1.42 1.21
2037 1.42 1.21
2038 1.43 1.21
2039 1.43 1.22
2040 1.43 1.22
2041 1.44 1.22
2042 1.44 1.22
2043 1.44 1.23
2044 1.45 1.23
2045 1.45 1.24
2046 1.45 1.24
2047 1.46 1.24
2048 1.46 1.24
2049 1.46 1.24
2050 1.47 1.25

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Latvia
Factual

UN forecast
Poland
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Latvia Poland
1960 22.2% 33.4%
1961 22.4% 33.4%
1962 22.6% 33%
1963 22.5% 32.5%
1964 22.4% 31.9%
1965 22.2% 31.1%
1966 22% 30.3%
1967 21.8% 29.5%
1968 21.7% 28.6%
1969 21.6% 27.8%
1970 21.6% 26.9%
1971 21.5% 26.1%
1972 21.5% 25.4%
1973 21.3% 24.8%
1974 21.2% 24.3%
1975 21% 24%
1976 20.8% 24%
1977 20.6% 24%
1978 20.5% 24%
1979 20.4% 24.1%
1980 20.5% 24.3%
1981 20.6% 24.5%
1982 20.8% 24.7%
1983 20.9% 25%
1984 21.1% 25.3%
1985 21.2% 25.5%
1986 21.3% 25.6%
1987 21.3% 25.6%
1988 21.4% 25.5%
1989 21.4% 25.3%
1990 21.5% 25%
1991 21.5% 24.6%
1992 21.4% 24.3%
1993 21.2% 23.9%
1994 21% 23.4%
1995 20.7% 22.8%
1996 20.2% 22.2%
1997 19.7% 21.6%
1998 19% 20.9%
1999 18.3% 20.2%
2000 17.7% 19.4%
2001 17% 18.7%
2002 16.4% 18.1%
2003 15.8% 17.5%
2004 15.2% 17%
2005 14.7% 16.5%
2006 14.4% 16%
2007 14.1% 15.7%
2008 14% 15.4%
2009 14.1% 15.2%
2010 14.2% 15.1%
2011 14.2% 15.2%
2012 14.4% 15.1%
2013 14.6% 15.1%
2014 14.8% 15.1%
2015 15.1% 15.1%
2016 15.4% 15.1%
2017 15.7% 15.2%
2018 15.8% 15.3%
2019 15.9% 15.4%
2020 16% 15.5%
2021 16% 15.5%
2022 15.9% 15.3%
2023 15.7% 15.1%
2024 15.4% 14.8%
2025 15.2% 14.5%
2026 15% 14.1%
2027 14.8% 13.8%
2028 14.5% 13.5%
2029 14.1% 13.2%
2030 13.7% 13%
2031 13.2% 12.7%
2032 12.8% 12.4%
2033 12.4% 12.1%
2034 12.2% 11.8%
2035 11.9% 11.5%
2036 11.7% 11.3%
2037 11.6% 11.2%
2038 11.6% 11.1%
2039 11.6% 11.1%
2040 11.7% 11.1%
2041 11.7% 11%
2042 11.8% 11.1%
2043 12% 11.1%
2044 12.1% 11.1%
2045 12.2% 11.2%
2046 12.4% 11.3%
2047 12.5% 11.3%
2048 12.6% 11.4%
2049 12.7% 11.5%
2050 12.8% 11.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.4% of the population in Latvia and 14.8% in Poland in 2024, compared to 21.5% and 25% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Latvia and Poland compared.

Natural population change in Latvia vs Poland by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.54% in Latvia and -0.18% in Poland. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Latvia
Poland

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Latvia Poland
1960 14,211 444,562
1961 14,207 398,521
1962 11,562 360,671
1963 11,055 359,330
1964 12,100 326,965
1965 8,384 314,450
1966 8,677 297,801
1967 7,825 275,089
1968 7,668 280,963
1969 6,561 270,151
1970 7,785 280,913
1971 8,793 278,660
1972 7,666 314,028
1973 6,040 320,229
1974 6,824 346,893
1975 4,913 350,356
1976 4,200 367,612
1977 3,480 353,828
1978 2,997 339,166
1979 2,506 366,571
1980 3,265 348,627
1981 3,779 351,806
1982 6,327 369,551
1983 8,147 373,032
1984 7,430 332,137
1985 5,673 297,615
1986 10,660 258,448
1987 9,981 226,008
1988 9,022 215,599
1989 6,401 182,215
1990 2,929 160,066
1991 0 141,511
1992 -3,660 118,928
1993 -12,560 103,846
1994 -17,645 96,357
1995 -17,396 46,314
1996 -14,498 42,487
1997 -14,841 34,785
1998 -15,906 19,332
1999 -13,387 0
2000 -11,838 11,478
2001 -13,322 3,825
2002 -12,475 -3,823
2003 -11,439 -15,281
2004 -11,542 -7,637
2005 -10,746 -3,817
2006 -10,204 3,814
2007 -9,021 11,436
2008 -6,531 34,313
2009 -7,924 30,521
2010 -10,278 38,043
2011 -9,886 11,419
2012 -9,154 0
2013 -8,252 -19,020
2014 -6,779 0
2015 -6,526 -26,590
2016 -6,663 -3,797
2017 -7,963 0
2018 -9,636 -26,582
2019 -8,995 -34,169
2020 -11,402 -120,050
2021 -17,337 -184,907
2022 -14,847 -143,605
2023 -13,517 -135,743

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Latvia vs Poland

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 19 deaths per 100,000 live births in Latvia, compared to 2 deaths in Poland.

Latvia
Poland
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Latvia Poland
1985 51 19
1986 43 19
1987 44 18
1988 42 18
1989 46 18
1990 47 18
1991 46 18
1992 48 16
1993 57 15
1994 65 14
1995 59 12
1996 45 11
1997 41 10
1998 40 9
1999 40 8
2000 34 7
2001 32 6
2002 29 5
2003 30 5
2004 28 4
2005 27 4
2006 28 4
2007 27 3
2008 25 3
2009 24 3
2010 22 3
2011 22 2
2012 20 2
2013 24 2
2014 22 2
2015 22 2
2016 23 2
2017 23 2
2018 23 2
2019 22 2
2020 21 3
2021 42 2
2022 29 2
2023 19 2

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.3% in Latvia and 0.44% in Poland. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Latvia
Poland

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Latvia Poland
1960 - 6.51%
1961 - 6.02%
1962 - 5.6%
1963 - 5.23%
1964 - 4.89%
1965 - 4.57%
1966 - 4.29%
1967 - 4.06%
1968 - 3.89%
1969 - 3.75%
1970 - 3.59%
1971 - 3.42%
1972 - 3.24%
1973 - 3.06%
1974 - 2.9%
1975 - 2.79%
1976 - 2.7%
1977 - 2.62%
1978 - 2.54%
1979 2.08% 2.47%
1980 2.07% 2.4%
1981 2.06% 2.33%
1982 2.03% 2.26%
1983 1.96% 2.19%
1984 1.87% 2.11%
1985 1.75% 2.03%
1986 1.64% 1.96%
1987 1.55% 1.89%
1988 1.53% 1.84%
1989 1.58% 1.79%
1990 1.7% 1.74%
1991 1.83% 1.69%
1992 1.93% 1.65%
1993 1.99% 1.6%
1994 2% 1.53%
1995 1.98% 1.43%
1996 1.9% 1.32%
1997 1.79% 1.2%
1998 1.67% 1.09%
1999 1.54% 1%
2000 1.42% 0.93%
2001 1.33% 0.88%
2002 1.26% 0.84%
2003 1.19% 0.81%
2004 1.12% 0.78%
2005 1.05% 0.76%
2006 0.99% 0.73%
2007 0.93% 0.7%
2008 0.88% 0.67%
2009 0.83% 0.63%
2010 0.78% 0.6%
2011 0.72% 0.57%
2012 0.66% 0.54%
2013 0.6% 0.52%
2014 0.55% 0.5%
2015 0.51% 0.49%
2016 0.47% 0.48%
2017 0.45% 0.46%
2018 0.42% 0.45%
2019 0.4% 0.44%
2020 0.37% 0.44%
2021 0.35% 0.44%
2022 0.32% 0.44%
2023 0.3% 0.44%

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Birth rate comparisons

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