Fertility & birth rates in Poland and Russia

Fertility rate in Poland vs Russia by year

Chart Table

Poland

Russia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Poland	Russia
2023	1.16	1.41
2022	1.29	1.42
2021	1.33	1.51
2020	1.39	1.51
2019	1.44	1.5
2018	1.46	1.58
2017	1.48	1.62
2016	1.39	1.76
2015	1.32	1.78
2014	1.32	1.75
2013	1.29	1.71
2012	1.33	1.69
2011	1.33	1.58
2010	1.41	1.57
2009	1.4	1.54
2008	1.39	1.5
2007	1.31	1.42
2006	1.27	1.31
2005	1.24	1.29
2004	1.23	1.34
2003	1.22	1.32
2002	1.25	1.29
2001	1.31	1.22
2000	1.37	1.2
1999	1.37	1.16
1998	1.44	1.23
1997	1.51	1.22
1996	1.59	1.27
1995	1.62	1.34
1994	1.81	1.4
1993	1.87	1.39
1992	1.95	1.55
1991	2.07	1.73
1990	2.06	1.89
1989	2.08	2.01
1988	2.13	2.12
1987	2.15	2.22
1986	2.22	2.15
1985	2.33	2.05
1984	2.37	2.06
1983	2.42	2.11
1982	2.34	2.04
1981	2.24	1.91
1980	2.28	1.89
1979	2.28	1.9
1978	2.21	1.92
1977	2.23	1.95
1976	2.3	1.97
1975	2.27	1.98
1974	2.26	2
1973	2.26	2.01
1972	2.24	2.04
1971	2.25	2.03
1970	2.2	1.99
1969	2.2	1.97
1968	2.24	1.99
1967	2.33	2.04
1966	2.34	2.1
1965	2.52	2.13
1964	2.57	2.18
1963	2.7	2.27
1962	2.72	2.36
1961	2.83	2.45
1960	2.98	2.52

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Poland was 1.16 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.41 in Russia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Poland vs Russia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Poland

Russia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Poland	Russia
2023	-135,743	-503,392
2022	-143,605	-576,948
2021	-184,907	-1,027,702
2020	-120,050	-697,177
2019	-34,169	-319,997
2018	-26,582	-232,637
2017	0	-130,764
2016	-3,797	0
2015	-26,590	43,392
2014	0	28,848
2013	-19,020	28,761
2012	0	0
2011	11,419	-128,716
2010	38,043	-242,844
2009	30,521	-257,014
2008	34,313	-356,856
2007	11,436	-471,257
2006	3,814	-686,638
2005	-3,817	-846,761
2004	-7,637	-792,370
2003	-15,281	-896,822
2002	-3,823	-944,492
2001	3,825	-963,445
2000	11,478	-967,540
1999	0	-927,453
1998	19,332	-694,053
1997	34,785	-769,159
1996	42,487	-785,248
1995	46,314	-845,742
1994	96,357	-920,129
1993	103,846	-757,140
1992	118,928	-222,808
1991	141,511	103,876
1990	160,066	325,533
1989	182,215	576,112
1988	215,599	778,343
1987	226,008	977,583
1986	258,448	985,279
1985	297,615	762,447
1984	332,137	756,548
1983	373,032	906,676
1982	369,551	830,855
1981	351,806	713,700
1980	348,627	681,149
1979	366,571	690,135
1978	339,166	812,766
1977	353,828	832,932
1976	367,612	852,237
1975	350,356	843,850
1974	346,893	883,186
1973	320,229	846,561
1972	314,028	872,050
1971	278,660	854,999
1970	280,913	785,554
1969	270,151	753,088
1968	280,963	787,621
1967	275,089	854,554
1966	297,801	989,279
1965	314,450	1,059,335
1964	326,965	1,233,520
1963	359,330	1,436,077
1962	360,671	1,573,701
1961	398,521	1,810,538
1960	444,562	1,962,834

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Poland and -0.35% in Russia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.18% in Poland and -0.24% in Russia.

Birth rate in Poland vs Russia by year

Chart Table

Poland

Russia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Poland	Russia
2023	7.4	8.6
2022	8.3	8.9
2021	9	9.6
2020	9.5	9.8
2019	9.9	10.1
2018	10.2	10.9
2017	10.6	11.5
2016	10.1	12.9
2015	9.7	13.3
2014	9.9	13.3
2013	9.7	13.2
2012	10.1	13.3
2011	10.2	12.6
2010	10.9	12.5
2009	10.9	12.3
2008	10.9	12
2007	10.2	11.3
2006	9.8	10.3
2005	9.5	10.2
2004	9.3	10.4
2003	9.2	10.2
2002	9.3	9.7
2001	9.6	9
2000	9.9	8.7
1999	9.9	8.3
1998	10.2	8.8
1997	10.7	8.6
1996	11.1	8.9
1995	11.2	9.3
1994	12.5	9.5
1993	12.9	9.4
1992	13.4	10.7
1991	14.3	12.1
1990	14.4	13.4
1989	14.9	14.6
1988	15.6	16
1987	16.1	17.2
1986	17	17.2
1985	18.3	16.6
1984	19	16.9
1983	19.8	17.5
1982	19.5	16.6
1981	19	16
1980	19.6	15.9
1979	19.6	15.8
1978	19.1	16.3
1977	19.2	16.3
1976	19.6	16.2
1975	19	16
1974	18.5	15.9
1973	18	15.4
1972	17.5	15.6
1971	17.2	15.3
1970	16.8	14.7
1969	16.4	14.3
1968	16.3	14.2
1967	16.3	14.6
1966	16.8	15.4
1965	17.4	15.9
1964	18.1	17.2
1963	19.2	19
1962	19.8	20.5
1961	20.9	22.5
1960	22.6	23.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 7.4 in Poland and 8.6 in Russia, compared with 22.6 and 23.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Poland

Factual

UN forecast

Russia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Poland	Russia
2100	10.3%	14.2%
2099	10.3%	14.3%
2098	10.4%	14.3%
2097	10.4%	14.4%
2096	10.5%	14.5%
2095	10.5%	14.5%
2094	10.6%	14.6%
2093	10.7%	14.7%
2092	10.7%	14.8%
2091	10.8%	14.9%
2090	10.9%	15%
2089	10.9%	15.1%
2088	10.9%	15.2%
2087	10.9%	15.2%
2086	10.9%	15.2%
2085	10.9%	15.3%
2084	10.9%	15.3%
2083	10.9%	15.2%
2082	10.8%	15.2%
2081	10.7%	15.2%
2080	10.7%	15.1%
2079	10.6%	15%
2078	10.5%	14.9%
2077	10.4%	14.8%
2076	10.3%	14.7%
2075	10.3%	14.6%
2074	10.2%	14.5%
2073	10.1%	14.4%
2072	10.1%	14.3%
2071	10.1%	14.3%
2070	10.1%	14.3%
2069	10.1%	14.2%
2068	10.2%	14.3%
2067	10.2%	14.3%
2066	10.3%	14.4%
2065	10.4%	14.5%
2064	10.5%	14.6%
2063	10.6%	14.7%
2062	10.7%	14.9%
2061	10.9%	15.1%
2060	11%	15.2%
2059	11.1%	15.4%
2058	11.2%	15.5%
2057	11.3%	15.6%
2056	11.4%	15.7%
2055	11.5%	15.8%
2054	11.5%	15.8%
2053	11.5%	15.8%
2052	11.5%	15.8%
2051	11.5%	15.7%
2050	11.5%	15.6%
2049	11.4%	15.5%
2048	11.4%	15.3%
2047	11.3%	15.1%
2046	11.2%	14.9%
2045	11.2%	14.7%
2044	11.1%	14.5%
2043	11.1%	14.3%
2042	11%	14.1%
2041	11%	13.9%
2040	11.1%	13.8%
2039	11.1%	13.7%
2038	11.2%	13.6%
2037	11.3%	13.6%
2036	11.4%	13.6%
2035	11.6%	13.7%
2034	11.9%	13.9%
2033	12.2%	14.1%
2032	12.5%	14.4%
2031	12.8%	14.8%
2030	13.1%	15.3%
2029	13.4%	15.7%
2028	13.7%	16.1%
2027	14%	16.6%
2026	14.3%	16.9%
2025	14.6%	17.2%
2024	14.8%	17.3%
2023	15.1%	17.5%
2022	15.3%	17.7%
2021	15.5%	17.7%
2020	15.5%	17.7%
2019	15.4%	17.6%
2018	15.3%	17.6%
2017	15.2%	17.5%
2016	15.1%	17.2%
2015	15.1%	16.9%
2014	15.1%	16.5%
2013	15.1%	16.1%
2012	15.1%	15.7%
2011	15.2%	15.4%
2010	15.1%	15.2%
2009	15.2%	15%
2008	15.4%	14.9%
2007	15.7%	14.8%
2006	16%	14.9%
2005	16.5%	15.2%
2004	17%	15.6%
2003	17.5%	16%
2002	18.1%	16.6%
2001	18.7%	17.3%
2000	19.4%	18%
1999	20.2%	18.8%
1998	20.9%	19.5%
1997	21.6%	20.2%
1996	22.2%	20.7%
1995	22.8%	21.2%
1994	23.4%	21.6%
1993	23.9%	22%
1992	24.3%	22.4%
1991	24.6%	22.7%
1990	25%	22.9%
1989	25.3%	23%
1988	25.5%	23%
1987	25.6%	22.9%
1986	25.6%	22.8%
1985	25.5%	22.6%
1984	25.3%	22.4%
1983	25%	22.1%
1982	24.7%	21.9%
1981	24.5%	21.7%
1980	24.3%	21.7%
1979	24.1%	21.7%
1978	24%	21.8%
1977	24%	22.1%
1976	24%	22.5%
1975	24%	23%
1974	24.3%	23.6%
1973	24.8%	24.2%
1972	25.4%	24.8%
1971	26.1%	25.4%
1970	26.9%	26.1%
1969	27.8%	26.9%
1968	28.6%	27.6%
1967	29.5%	28.3%
1966	30.3%	28.9%
1965	31.1%	29.5%
1964	31.9%	30.2%
1963	32.5%	30.6%
1962	33%	30.8%
1961	33.4%	30.9%
1960	33.4%	30.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 14.8% of the population in Poland and 17.3% in Russia in 2024, compared to 25% and 22.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Poland and Russia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Poland vs Russia

Chart Table

Poland

Russia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Poland	Russia
2023	2	9
2022	2	13
2021	2	21
2020	3	19
2019	2	12
2018	2	12
2017	2	12
2016	2	14
2015	2	15
2014	2	16
2013	2	16
2012	2	18
2011	2	19
2010	3	23
2009	3	24
2008	3	27
2007	3	29
2006	4	32
2005	4	38
2004	4	41
2003	5	45
2002	5	47
2001	6	48
2000	7	51
1999	8	53
1998	9	53
1997	10	59
1996	11	69
1995	12	82
1994	14	85
1993	15	76
1992	16	62
1991	18	57
1990	18	58
1989	18	61
1988	18	63
1987	18	65
1986	19	69
1985	19	81

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 2 deaths per 100,000 live births in Poland, compared to 9 deaths in Russia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Poland

Russia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Poland	Russia
2023	0.44%	0.45%
2022	0.44%	0.47%
2021	0.44%	0.51%
2020	0.44%	0.54%
2019	0.44%	0.58%
2018	0.45%	0.63%
2017	0.46%	0.69%
2016	0.48%	0.75%
2015	0.49%	0.82%
2014	0.5%	0.89%
2013	0.52%	0.95%
2012	0.54%	0.99%
2011	0.57%	1.02%
2010	0.6%	1.04%
2009	0.63%	1.07%
2008	0.67%	1.13%
2007	0.7%	1.2%
2006	0.73%	1.29%
2005	0.76%	1.39%
2004	0.78%	1.5%
2003	0.81%	1.61%
2002	0.84%	1.73%
2001	0.88%	1.84%
2000	0.93%	1.94%
1999	1%	2.02%
1998	1.09%	2.08%
1997	1.2%	2.13%
1996	1.32%	2.17%
1995	1.43%	2.2%
1994	1.53%	2.2%
1993	1.6%	2.19%
1992	1.65%	2.17%
1991	1.69%	2.16%
1990	1.74%	2.17%
1989	1.79%	2.2%
1988	1.84%	2.26%
1987	1.89%	2.34%
1986	1.96%	2.42%
1985	2.03%	2.5%
1984	2.11%	2.56%
1983	2.19%	2.62%
1982	2.26%	2.66%
1981	2.33%	2.7%
1980	2.4%	2.73%
1979	2.47%	2.75%
1978	2.54%	2.76%
1977	2.62%	2.76%
1976	2.7%	2.76%
1975	2.79%	2.76%
1974	2.9%	2.77%
1973	3.06%	2.78%
1972	3.24%	2.81%
1971	3.42%	2.84%
1970	3.59%	2.88%
1969	3.75%	2.94%
1968	3.89%	3.02%
1967	4.06%	3.11%
1966	4.29%	3.23%
1965	4.57%	3.38%
1964	4.89%	3.55%
1963	5.23%	3.76%
1962	5.6%	3.99%
1961	6.02%	4.26%
1960	6.51%	4.55%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.44% in Poland and 0.45% in Russia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.