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Economy of Barbados vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Barbados has a GDP of $8.02B compared to $669B for Sweden, ranking 157/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Barbados has $7.55B in government debt (94.2% of GDP), compared to $234B (34.9% of GDP) in Sweden.

Barbados vs Sweden GDP by year

Barbados
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Barbados Sweden
2025 $8,016,550,000 $668,998,664,082
2024 $7,597,571,450 $604,827,393,489
2023 $7,223,248,150 $578,990,915,246
2022 $6,886,644,900 $575,071,237,641
2021 $5,948,900,600 $631,693,331,301
2020 $5,403,246,950 $544,265,668,452
2019 $6,166,710,800 $530,894,124,494
2018 $6,001,101,550 $549,649,344,043
2017 $5,847,381,600 $535,172,356,785
2016 $5,679,029,450 $513,058,312,951
2015 $5,699,619,150 $501,602,351,912
2014 $5,684,901,000 $577,727,767,304
2013 $5,660,059,700 $584,125,353,119
2012 $5,486,500,500 $549,739,674,655
2011 $5,563,162,050 $570,538,581,144
2010 $5,428,683,250 $492,750,897,239
2009 $4,466,809,600 $434,311,714,442
2008 $4,790,410,400 $514,614,100,833
2007 $4,675,767,950 $490,047,789,548
2006 $4,217,323,400 $422,528,394,459
2005 $3,819,500,000 $391,688,455,929
2004 $3,444,500,000 $384,545,442,175
2003 $3,209,500,000 $334,072,443,516
2002 $3,106,500,000 $267,371,907,447
2001 $3,054,500,000 $242,497,797,485
2000 $3,059,500,000 $262,903,560,280
1999 $2,951,822,205 $274,318,357,862
1998 $2,817,083,478 $270,887,306,759
1997 $2,498,384,130 $268,249,616,891
1996 $2,363,645,403 $291,949,597,375
1995 $2,216,974,096 $267,050,453,507
1994 $2,151,344,901 $228,699,066,874
1993 $2,063,342,117 $212,644,602,616
1992 $1,957,000,000 $283,908,914,454
1991 $2,020,583,702 $273,831,464,572
1990 $2,012,131,457 $261,466,577,009
1989 $2,006,165,167 $217,632,340,195
1988 $1,812,757,918 $206,686,590,776
1987 $1,704,370,308 $182,744,315,974
1986 $1,547,755,183 $150,279,869,729
1985 $1,409,536,121 $113,958,084,357
1984 $1,346,890,071 $109,043,045,407
1983 $1,236,016,507 $104,862,109,663
1982 $1,163,923,830 $114,214,731,799
1981 $1,114,204,743 $129,498,921,476
1980 $1,012,280,615 $141,886,067,004
1979 $670,362,452 $123,207,527,699
1978 $552,883,707 $104,290,933,496
1977 $495,097,668 $94,331,782,622
1976 $435,911,269 $89,232,517,046
1975 $402,178,605 $82,765,232,648
1974 $311,804,630 $65,917,634,590
1973 $260,767,828 $59,318,842,992
1972 $213,725,217 $48,883,173,400
1971 $186,826,503 $41,506,151,115
1970 $166,210,203 $38,037,226,668
1969 $141,393,142 $33,967,301,561
1968 $125,733,669 $31,277,871,669
1967 $125,554,009 $29,474,881,506
1966 $113,195,123 $27,154,716,721
1965 $105,021,997 $24,963,947,415
1964 $99,252,731 $22,685,490,195
1963 $99,893,761 $20,342,131,882
1962 $88,782,583 $18,794,066,990
1961 $85,363,759 $17,329,620,585
1960 $80,021,847 $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Barbados vs Sweden by year

Barbados
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Barbados Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $28,365 - $63,133 -
2024 $26,897 $24,823 $57,223 $71,845
2023 $25,584 $23,660 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $24,393 $22,193 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $21,084 $17,683 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $19,181 $16,555 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $21,929 $19,971 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $21,378 $19,777 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $20,871 $18,437 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $20,311 $19,176 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $20,429 $19,186 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $20,424 $18,595 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $20,384 $19,032 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $19,811 $19,605 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $20,146 $20,316 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $19,723 $20,033 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $16,295 $20,324 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $17,566 $21,376 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $17,235 $20,949 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $15,620 $20,076 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $14,214 $18,450 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $12,886 $17,299 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $12,076 $16,707 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $11,760 $16,133 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $11,640 $15,866 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $11,675 $15,914 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $11,244 $14,873 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $10,734 $14,621 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $9,522 $13,941 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $9,012 $13,090 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $8,460 $12,375 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $8,223 $11,900 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $7,905 $11,448 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $7,519 $11,127 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $7,790 $11,576 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $7,781 $11,687 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $7,773 - $25,625 -
1988 $7,033 - $24,499 -
1987 $6,625 - $21,761 -
1986 $6,031 - $17,955 -
1985 $5,510 - $13,647 -
1984 $5,284 - $13,080 -
1983 $4,866 - $12,590 -
1982 $4,599 - $13,719 -
1981 $4,417 - $15,564 -
1980 $4,025 - $17,073 -
1979 $2,668 - $14,856 -
1978 $2,198 - $12,602 -
1977 $1,968 - $11,432 -
1976 $1,734 - $10,853 -
1975 $1,601 - $10,103 -
1974 $1,243 - $8,078 -
1973 $1,042 - $7,291 -
1972 $856 - $6,018 -
1971 $750 - $5,125 -
1970 $666 - $4,729 -
1969 $567 - $4,263 -
1968 $506 - $3,953 -
1967 $508 - $3,746 -
1966 $462 - $3,478 -
1965 $433 - $3,228 -
1964 $414 - $2,961 -
1963 $421 - $2,675 -
1962 $377 - $2,485 -
1961 $366 - $2,304 -
1960 $347 - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/sweden | CC BY

Barbados' GDP per capita is $28,365, ranking 48/197, compared to $63,133 in Sweden, ranking 15/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Barbados ranks 84th at $24,823, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Barbados Sweden
Gross domestic product
$8.02B
2025
$669B
2025
GDP rank
157/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP growth
2.7%
2024-2025
1.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$28,365
2025
$63,133
2025
GDP per capita rank
48/197
2025
15/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$24,823
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
84/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$7.55B
2025
$234B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
94.2%
2025
34.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$26,731
2025
$22,057
2025
Government debt per person rank
28/185
2025
31/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$19,127
2026
$40,083
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.78B
2020
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
507,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
50
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2016
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.5%
2016
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
27%
2025
49.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.85%
2024-2025
0.68%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2%
2020
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.03%
2024
8.8%
2025
Population
282789
10665077

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Barbados
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Barbados Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 27% 94.2% 49.4% 34.9%
2024 28.1% 98.9% 49.3% 33.9%
2023 26.5% 104.1% 48.9% 32.1%
2022 26.9% 104% 48.3% 34.2%
2021 27.1% 108.6% 49.3% 37.3%
2020 30.6% 129.6% 52% 40.4%
2019 22.2% 101.6% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 25% 107.2% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 28% 134.6% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 28.6% 127.1% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 29.2% 122.5% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 27.4% 115.1% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 29.1% 111.7% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 28.9% 103.5% 50.2% 38%
2011 26.5% 94.4% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 28% 90.3% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 27.8% 83.5% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 27.1% 69.8% 49.4% 37.9%
2007 26.1% 64.9% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 25% 64.1% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 26.4% 62.7% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 26.2% 61% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 27.7% 61.8% 53% 49.5%
2002 29.1% 62% 52.7% 49.9%
2001 20.7% 59% 51.7% 52%
2000 19.7% 53.6% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 18.5% 47% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 17.8% 47.2% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 19.6% 52% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 19.1% 52.3% 60% 68.9%
1995 17.3% 52% 62.1% 68.7%
1994 15.9% 51.4% 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, Barbados' government spending was $2.16B, accounting for 27% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $331B, or 49.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 94.2% in Barbados and 34.9% in Sweden, ranking 28/185 and 144/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Barbados

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Barbados Sweden
2025 -0.31% -1.41%
2024 -0.84% -1.5%
2023 -1.57% -0.63%
2022 -1.74% 1%
2021 -3.88% -0.15%
2020 -4.19% -3.18%
2019 2.86% 0.44%
2018 -0.32% 0.67%
2017 -3.64% 1.29%
2016 -4.55% 0.86%
2015 -7.58% -0.27%
2014 -6.2% -1.84%
2013 -8.46% -1.63%
2012 -6.69% -1.19%
2011 -3.47% -0.41%
2010 -7.1% -0.14%
2009 -6.19% -0.89%
2008 -3.94% 1.87%
2007 -4.08% 3.37%
2006 -3.13% 2.2%
2005 -2.78% 2.08%
2004 -2.73% 0.17%
2003 -2.86% -1.25%
2002 -4.96% -1.46%
2001 3.83% 1.37%
2000 4.68% 3.11%
1999 5.06% 0.6%
1998 5.63% 0.82%
1997 5.15% -1.57%
1996 3.5% -3.11%
1995 5.79% -7.01%
1994 6.28% -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, Barbados' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8M, equivalent to 0.31% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $9.43B, or 1.41% of GDP.

Over the past 32 years, Barbados recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Barbados posted an annual deficit equal to 1.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.52% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Barbados

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Barbados Sweden
2025 0.85% 0.68%
2024 1.45% 2.84%
2023 3.19% 8.55%
2022 - 8.37%
2021 - 2.16%
2020 - 0.5%
2019 1.68% 1.78%
2018 3.11% 1.95%
2017 4.66% 1.79%
2016 1.28% 0.98%
2015 -1.11% -0.05%
2014 1.77% -0.18%
2013 1.81% -0.04%
2012 4.53% 0.89%
2011 9.43% 2.96%
2010 5.82% 1.16%
2009 3.64% -0.49%
2008 8.11% 3.44%
2007 4.03% 2.21%
2006 7.31% 1.36%
2005 6.08% 0.45%
2004 1.39% 0.37%
2003 1.62% 1.93%
2002 0.13% 2.16%
2001 2.58% 2.41%
2000 2.44% 0.9%
1999 1.56% 0.46%
1998 -1.27% -0.27%
1997 7.71% 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Barbados has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.22%, compared with 1.72% in Sweden. In 2025, inflation was 0.85% in Barbados and 0.68% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Barbados
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $80K
Metals $56K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $56K
Machinery & equipment $12K
Chemicals & pharma $5K
Wood & paper products $5K
Raw materials & minerals $2K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.74M
Machinery & equipment $5.08M
Metals $70K
Chemicals & pharma $68K
Raw materials & minerals $42K
Textiles & consumer goods $36K
Wood & paper products $18K
Miscellaneous $6K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Animal & marine products $1K

Balance of trade

Barbados Sweden
Current account balance
-$296M
2017
$40.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
96/190
2017
15/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.07%
2017
+6.06%
2025
Goods imports
$1.53B
2017
$201B
2025
Goods exports
$705M
2017
$233B
2025
Service imports
$687M
2017
$144B
2025
Service exports
$1.52B
2017
$132B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
51.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.5%
2026
53.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Barbados Sweden
Economic freedom 70.4 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 34/197 14/197
Property rights 76.4 96.2
Government integrity 71.3 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 87.3 95.6
Tax burden 83.2 51.6
Government spending 74.5 28.4
Fiscal health 76.5 97.5
Business freedom 72.3 84.8
Labor freedom 54.3 65.8
Monetary freedom 80.8 78.1
Trade freedom 48.2 79.4
Investment freedom 60 85
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Barbados
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Barbados Sweden
2026 70.4 77.8
2025 68.9 77.9
2024 66.8 77.5
2023 69.8 77.5
2022 71.3 77.9
2021 65 74.7
2020 61.4 74.9
2019 64.7 75.2
2018 57 76.3
2017 54.5 74.9
2016 68.3 72
2015 67.9 72.7
2014 68.3 73.1
2013 69.3 72.9
2012 69 71.7
2011 68.5 71.9
2010 68.3 72.4
2009 71.5 70.5
2008 71.3 70.8
2007 70 69.3
2006 71.9 70.9
2005 70.1 69.8
2004 69.4 70.1
2003 71.3 70
2002 73.6 70.8
2001 71.5 66.6
2000 69.5 65.1
1999 66.7 64.2
1998 67.9 64
1997 64.5 63.3
1996 62.3 61.8
1995 - 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Barbados is 70.4, ranking 34/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Barbados Sweden
Services, % of GDP
75.8%
2024
67%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
12.2%
2024
21%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.55%
2024
1.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$7.65B
2025
$668B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$24,840
2025
$76,090
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.65B
2024
$74.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
131/177
2024
36/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$208M
2017
-$11.1B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$303M
2024
$30.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$18.6M
2024
$29.7B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.7%
2016
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
25.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.