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Fertility & birth rates in Eritrea and Romania

Updated on by Georank team

Eritrea has an annual birth rate of 28.5 births per 1,000 people, compared to 8 for Romania. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 3.71 in Eritrea and 1.71 in Romania — 53.9% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -42.7% in Eritrea and by -26.9% in Romania — in 1960, it was 6.48 and 2.34, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Eritrea is ranked 37/196 by birth rate compared to 177/196 for Romania.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 21.3 years in Eritrea, compared to 27.1 years in Romania.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.1 in Eritrea — it's 28.4 in Romania.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 65.2 in Eritrea vs 33.8 in Romania.
  • In Eritrea, 24.8% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 21.4% in Romania.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.25% in Eritrea and -0.47% in Romania.

Birth rate data compared

Eritrea Romania
Fertility rate 3.71 1.71
Birth rate 28.5 8
Birth rate rank 37/196 177/196
Age at first childbirth 21.3 years 27.1 years
Average age at childbearing 29.1 years 28.4 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 64.2 31.7
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 170.8 86.6
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 51.8 11.2
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 24.8% 21.4%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 7.1% 50.5%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 34.1% 93%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.29% 0.01%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 1.64% 0.33%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 2.55% 0.54%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 3.54% 0.66%
Population change due to births and deaths +78,073 -89,580
Natural population change rank 84/196 188/196
Natural population change rate +2.25% -0.47%
Population growth +1.88% +0.05%
Population growth rank 60/197 162/197
Life expectancy 69.2 years 76.2 years

Fertility rate in Eritrea vs Romania chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eritrea was 3.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.71 in Romania in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eritrea vs Romania population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Eritrea
Factual

UN forecast
Romania
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Eritrea Romania
1960 6.48 2.34
1961 6.47 2.17
1962 6.5 2.04
1963 6.48 2.01
1964 6.49 1.96
1965 6.49 1.91
1966 6.5 1.9
1967 6.5 3.66
1968 6.5 3.63
1969 6.5 3.19
1970 6.54 2.89
1971 6.54 2.67
1972 6.54 2.55
1973 6.55 2.44
1974 6.57 2.71
1975 6.59 2.59
1976 6.6 2.54
1977 6.61 2.57
1978 6.61 2.52
1979 6.62 2.49
1980 6.61 2.43
1981 6.62 2.36
1982 6.63 2.17
1983 6.65 2.06
1984 6.62 2.26
1985 6.59 2.31
1986 6.56 2.39
1987 6.52 2.38
1988 6.47 2.3
1989 6.41 2.22
1990 6.34 1.83
1991 6.24 1.59
1992 6.16 1.51
1993 6.07 1.43
1994 6.01 1.4
1995 5.94 1.33
1996 5.84 1.3
1997 5.74 1.32
1998 5.63 1.32
1999 5.52 1.3
2000 5.4 1.31
2001 5.31 1.27
2002 5.23 1.27
2003 5.14 1.3
2004 5.04 1.33
2005 4.93 1.4
2006 4.88 1.42
2007 4.81 1.45
2008 4.74 1.6
2009 4.66 1.66
2010 4.57 1.59
2011 4.49 1.47
2012 4.41 1.52
2013 4.34 1.46
2014 4.27 1.56
2015 4.22 1.62
2016 4.16 1.69
2017 4.11 1.78
2018 4.06 1.76
2019 4 1.77
2020 3.93 1.8
2021 3.87 1.81
2022 3.79 1.71
2023 3.71 1.71
2024 3.68 1.71
2025 3.61 1.71
2026 3.55 1.7
2027 3.49 1.7
2028 3.43 1.7
2029 3.38 1.7
2030 3.32 1.7
2031 3.27 1.7
2032 3.22 1.7
2033 3.18 1.69
2034 3.13 1.69
2035 3.09 1.69
2036 3.04 1.69
2037 3.01 1.69
2038 2.97 1.69
2039 2.93 1.69
2040 2.9 1.69
2041 2.86 1.68
2042 2.83 1.68
2043 2.8 1.68
2044 2.77 1.68
2045 2.74 1.68
2046 2.71 1.68
2047 2.68 1.68
2048 2.65 1.68
2049 2.63 1.68
2050 2.6 1.68

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Eritrea
Factual

UN forecast
Romania
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Eritrea Romania
1960 41.5% 28.1%
1961 41.4% 28%
1962 41.4% 27.7%
1963 41.5% 27.3%
1964 41.6% 26.7%
1965 41.8% 26%
1966 42.1% 25.2%
1967 42.4% 25%
1968 42.8% 25.1%
1969 43% 25.1%
1970 43.3% 25.1%
1971 43.6% 24.9%
1972 43.8% 24.9%
1973 44% 24.9%
1974 44.1% 25.1%
1975 44.1% 25.3%
1976 44.2% 25.7%
1977 44.3% 26%
1978 44.3% 26.3%
1979 44.4% 26.5%
1980 44.4% 26.8%
1981 44.4% 27.1%
1982 44.4% 26.8%
1983 44.4% 25.9%
1984 44.2% 25.1%
1985 44.1% 24.6%
1986 44% 24.3%
1987 44% 24%
1988 44.2% 23.9%
1989 44.3% 23.7%
1990 44.5% 23.3%
1991 44.6% 22.8%
1992 44.7% 22.2%
1993 44.5% 21.6%
1994 44.4% 21%
1995 43.5% 20.5%
1996 42.9% 20%
1997 43.7% 19.6%
1998 44.4% 19.3%
1999 44.9% 19.1%
2000 45.2% 18.6%
2001 45% 18.1%
2002 44.4% 17.5%
2003 43.7% 16.9%
2004 43% 16.4%
2005 42.9% 16%
2006 43.1% 15.8%
2007 43.3% 15.7%
2008 43% 15.7%
2009 42.7% 15.7%
2010 42.6% 15.7%
2011 42.3% 15.8%
2012 42.1% 15.7%
2013 42% 15.7%
2014 42% 15.7%
2015 42.1% 15.7%
2016 42.1% 15.7%
2017 41.9% 15.8%
2018 41.5% 15.9%
2019 41% 16%
2020 40.4% 16.1%
2021 39.8% 16.1%
2022 39.2% 16%
2023 38.7% 15.9%
2024 38.1% 15.7%
2025 37.6% 15.6%
2026 37.1% 15.4%
2027 36.6% 15.3%
2028 36.3% 15.2%
2029 35.9% 15.1%
2030 35.7% 15%
2031 35.5% 14.9%
2032 35.3% 14.7%
2033 35.2% 14.6%
2034 35% 14.4%
2035 34.8% 14.4%
2036 34.7% 14.3%
2037 34.4% 14.3%
2038 34.2% 14.3%
2039 34% 14.2%
2040 33.7% 14.2%
2041 33.4% 14.3%
2042 33.1% 14.3%
2043 32.7% 14.3%
2044 32.3% 14.3%
2045 31.9% 14.4%
2046 31.5% 14.4%
2047 31.1% 14.4%
2048 30.7% 14.4%
2049 30.3% 14.4%
2050 29.9% 14.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 38.1% of the population in Eritrea and 15.7% in Romania in 2024, compared to 44.5% and 23.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eritrea and Romania compared.

Natural population change in Eritrea vs Romania by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.29% in Eritrea and -0.4% in Romania. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Eritrea
Romania

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Eritrea Romania
1960 21,424 191,431
1961 22,351 163,286
1962 23,478 130,736
1963 24,393 139,104
1964 25,327 134,326
1965 26,285 114,190
1966 24,713 115,293
1967 27,992 347,709
1968 28,777 338,577
1969 29,535 264,120
1970 30,686 234,905
1971 31,490 206,662
1972 30,951 198,316
1973 31,969 175,020
1974 30,111 235,530
1975 30,971 219,324
1976 36,250 213,361
1977 37,295 215,385
1978 38,353 204,148
1979 39,577 194,397
1980 41,392 168,776
1981 42,924 156,472
1982 44,146 119,121
1983 33,420 87,986
1984 35,101 117,731
1985 37,362 111,392
1986 39,470 134,737
1987 52,229 128,517
1988 54,163 126,817
1989 54,299 122,756
1990 56,903 69,605
1991 57,741 25,301
1992 51,443 -4,559
1993 51,679 -13,658
1994 56,288 -18,184
1995 56,157 -36,295
1996 66,557 -56,548
1997 63,953 -42,853
1998 55,332 -33,761
1999 45,120 -31,461
2000 60,274 -22,443
2001 61,180 -37,625
2002 65,436 -58,673
2003 66,291 -56,093
2004 72,147 -42,904
2005 72,930 -40,508
2006 74,470 -38,148
2007 73,101 -37,590
2008 73,391 -30,806
2009 76,206 -34,625
2010 76,098 -46,567
2011 76,806 -56,413
2012 76,416 -54,157
2013 75,562 -59,951
2014 75,729 -55,745
2015 73,682 -59,447
2016 73,002 -53,196
2017 72,291 -50,930
2018 72,511 -62,316
2019 73,572 -60,053
2020 73,362 -100,179
2021 74,394 -141,504
2022 76,221 -93,338
2023 78,073 -89,580

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Eritrea vs Romania

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 291 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eritrea, compared to 12 deaths in Romania.

Eritrea
Romania
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Eritrea Romania
1985 1,678 184
1986 1,625 180
1987 1,555 173
1988 1,499 159
1989 1,473 143
1990 1,352 118
1991 1,384 104
1992 1,149 95
1993 1,040 87
1994 998 80
1995 854 75
1996 878 72
1997 817 66
1998 865 58
1999 734 51
2000 741 45
2001 651 41
2002 636 38
2003 588 35
2004 588 32
2005 567 30
2006 555 27
2007 541 25
2008 530 25
2009 515 25
2010 498 23
2011 478 20
2012 458 19
2013 443 18
2014 430 18
2015 413 18
2016 395 17
2017 379 17
2018 363 15
2019 351 14
2020 334 16
2021 338 20
2022 301 13
2023 291 12

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 3.54% in Eritrea and 0.66% in Romania. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Eritrea
Romania

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Eritrea Romania
1960 - 8.82%
1961 - 7.98%
1962 - 6.98%
1963 - 6.03%
1964 - 5.45%
1965 - 5.44%
1966 - 5.83%
1967 - 6.27%
1968 - 6.44%
1969 - 6.23%
1970 - 5.69%
1971 - 5.06%
1972 - 4.64%
1973 - 4.49%
1974 25.6% 4.43%
1975 25% 4.27%
1976 20.8% 4.05%
1977 20.4% 3.86%
1978 20% 3.76%
1979 19.7% 3.68%
1980 19.4% 3.57%
1981 19.1% 3.44%
1982 18.8% 3.28%
1983 27.8% 3.14%
1984 27.2% 3.08%
1985 26.2% 3.16%
1986 25.6% 3.33%
1987 17.1% 3.45%
1988 16.6% 3.43%
1989 16% 3.31%
1990 15.4% 3.14%
1991 14.7% 2.97%
1992 13.9% 2.84%
1993 13.1% 2.79%
1994 12.3% 2.76%
1995 11.5% 2.73%
1996 10.8% 2.68%
1997 10.1% 2.58%
1998 9.51% 2.44%
1999 10.9% 2.29%
2000 8.53% 2.16%
2001 8.11% 2.06%
2002 7.73% 2.01%
2003 7.38% 1.99%
2004 7.05% 1.94%
2005 6.75% 1.82%
2006 6.46% 1.66%
2007 6.19% 1.51%
2008 5.94% 1.4%
2009 5.71% 1.31%
2010 5.5% 1.24%
2011 5.31% 1.18%
2012 5.12% 1.12%
2013 4.94% 1.05%
2014 4.78% 0.99%
2015 4.61% 0.92%
2016 4.46% 0.85%
2017 4.32% 0.79%
2018 4.17% 0.73%
2019 4.03% 0.68%
2020 3.91% 0.66%
2021 3.79% 0.65%
2022 3.66% 0.66%
2023 3.54% 0.66%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Eritrea vs Romania
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