Fertility & birth rates in Luxembourg and Romania

Fertility rate in Luxembourg vs Romania chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Luxembourg was 1.25 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.71 in Romania in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Luxembourg vs Romania population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Luxembourg	Romania
1960	2.29	2.34
1961	-	2.17
1962	2.37	2.04
1963	-	2.01
1964	2.34	1.96
1965	2.42	1.91
1966	2.34	1.9
1967	2.24	3.66
1968	2.12	3.63
1969	2.02	3.19
1970	1.97	2.89
1971	1.95	2.67
1972	1.75	2.55
1973	1.58	2.44
1974	1.58	2.71
1975	1.55	2.59
1976	1.48	2.54
1977	1.5	2.57
1978	1.48	2.52
1979	1.48	2.49
1980	1.5	2.43
1981	1.55	2.36
1982	1.49	2.17
1983	1.43	2.06
1984	1.42	2.26
1985	1.38	2.31
1986	1.43	2.39
1987	1.4	2.38
1988	1.51	2.3
1989	1.52	2.22
1990	1.6	1.83
1991	1.6	1.59
1992	1.64	1.51
1993	1.7	1.43
1994	1.72	1.4
1995	1.7	1.33
1996	1.77	1.3
1997	1.71	1.32
1998	1.68	1.32
1999	1.74	1.3
2000	1.76	1.31
2001	1.66	1.27
2002	1.63	1.27
2003	1.62	1.3
2004	1.66	1.33
2005	1.63	1.4
2006	1.65	1.42
2007	1.61	1.45
2008	1.61	1.6
2009	1.59	1.66
2010	1.63	1.59
2011	1.52	1.47
2012	1.57	1.52
2013	1.55	1.46
2014	1.5	1.56
2015	1.47	1.62
2016	1.41	1.69
2017	1.39	1.78
2018	1.38	1.76
2019	1.34	1.77
2020	1.36	1.8
2021	1.38	1.81
2022	1.31	1.71
2023	1.25	1.71
2024	1.25	1.71
2025	1.26	1.71
2026	1.26	1.7
2027	1.27	1.7
2028	1.27	1.7
2029	1.28	1.7
2030	1.28	1.7
2031	1.29	1.7
2032	1.29	1.7
2033	1.29	1.69
2034	1.29	1.69
2035	1.3	1.69
2036	1.3	1.69
2037	1.3	1.69
2038	1.3	1.69
2039	1.3	1.69
2040	1.31	1.69
2041	1.31	1.68
2042	1.31	1.68
2043	1.31	1.68
2044	1.32	1.68
2045	1.32	1.68
2046	1.32	1.68
2047	1.32	1.68
2048	1.32	1.68
2049	1.33	1.68
2050	1.33	1.68

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Luxembourg	Romania
1960	21.2%	28.1%
1961	21.5%	28%
1962	21.7%	27.7%
1963	21.9%	27.3%
1964	22.1%	26.7%
1965	22.3%	26%
1966	22.5%	25.2%
1967	22.6%	25%
1968	22.5%	25.1%
1969	22.4%	25.1%
1970	22.2%	25.1%
1971	22%	24.9%
1972	21.6%	24.9%
1973	21.2%	24.9%
1974	20.9%	25.1%
1975	20.5%	25.3%
1976	20.2%	25.7%
1977	19.9%	26%
1978	19.5%	26.3%
1979	19.2%	26.5%
1980	18.8%	26.8%
1981	18.4%	27.1%
1982	18.1%	26.8%
1983	17.8%	25.9%
1984	17.5%	25.1%
1985	17.2%	24.6%
1986	17%	24.3%
1987	16.9%	24%
1988	17%	23.9%
1989	17.2%	23.7%
1990	17.4%	23.3%
1991	17.6%	22.8%
1992	17.8%	22.2%
1993	18%	21.6%
1994	18.3%	21%
1995	18.4%	20.5%
1996	18.6%	20%
1997	18.7%	19.6%
1998	18.8%	19.3%
1999	18.9%	19.1%
2000	18.9%	18.6%
2001	18.9%	18.1%
2002	18.9%	17.5%
2003	18.8%	16.9%
2004	18.7%	16.4%
2005	18.5%	16%
2006	18.4%	15.8%
2007	18.2%	15.7%
2008	18%	15.7%
2009	17.8%	15.7%
2010	17.7%	15.7%
2011	17.4%	15.8%
2012	17.1%	15.7%
2013	16.9%	15.7%
2014	16.7%	15.7%
2015	16.6%	15.7%
2016	16.4%	15.7%
2017	16.2%	15.8%
2018	16.1%	15.9%
2019	16%	16%
2020	16%	16.1%
2021	15.9%	16.1%
2022	15.9%	16%
2023	15.8%	15.9%
2024	15.8%	15.7%
2025	15.7%	15.6%
2026	15.7%	15.4%
2027	15.7%	15.3%
2028	15.6%	15.2%
2029	15.5%	15.1%
2030	15.4%	15%
2031	15.3%	14.9%
2032	15.2%	14.7%
2033	15.1%	14.6%
2034	15%	14.4%
2035	14.9%	14.4%
2036	14.7%	14.3%
2037	14.6%	14.3%
2038	14.5%	14.3%
2039	14.3%	14.2%
2040	14.2%	14.2%
2041	14%	14.3%
2042	13.9%	14.3%
2043	13.8%	14.3%
2044	13.7%	14.3%
2045	13.6%	14.4%
2046	13.5%	14.4%
2047	13.5%	14.4%
2048	13.5%	14.4%
2049	13.5%	14.4%
2050	13.5%	14.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.8% of the population in Luxembourg and 15.7% in Romania in 2024, compared to 17.4% and 23.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Luxembourg and Romania compared.

Natural population change in Luxembourg vs Romania by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.33% in Luxembourg and -0.4% in Romania. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Luxembourg	Romania
1960	1,319	191,431
1961	1,489	163,286
1962	1,091	130,736
1963	1,199	139,104
1964	1,377	134,326
1965	1,260	114,190
1966	1,168	115,293
1967	837	347,709
1968	604	338,577
1969	303	264,120
1970	272	234,905
1971	69	206,662
1972	-35	198,316
1973	-421	175,020
1974	-390	235,530
1975	-395	219,324
1976	-578	213,361
1977	-36	215,385
1978	-145	204,148
1979	72	194,397
1980	37	168,776
1981	329	156,472
1982	183	119,121
1983	37	87,986
1984	146	117,731
1985	74	111,392
1986	331	134,737
1987	222	128,517
1988	747	126,817
1989	679	122,756
1990	1,145	69,605
1991	1,239	25,301
1992	1,098	-4,559
1993	1,470	-13,658
1994	1,652	-18,184
1995	1,634	-36,295
1996	1,781	-56,548
1997	1,552	-42,853
1998	1,486	-33,761
1999	1,808	-31,461
2000	1,963	-22,443
2001	1,766	-37,625
2002	1,607	-58,673
2003	1,220	-56,093
2004	1,878	-42,904
2005	1,721	-40,508
2006	1,748	-38,148
2007	1,584	-37,590
2008	2,003	-30,806
2009	1,991	-34,625
2010	2,129	-46,567
2011	1,814	-56,413
2012	2,124	-54,157
2013	2,336	-59,951
2014	2,225	-55,745
2015	2,107	-59,447
2016	2,095	-53,196
2017	1,968	-50,930
2018	1,945	-62,316
2019	1,922	-60,053
2020	1,828	-100,179
2021	2,240	-141,504
2022	2,024	-93,338
2023	1,933	-89,580

Maternal mortality chart: Luxembourg vs Romania

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 11 deaths per 100,000 live births in Luxembourg, compared to 12 deaths in Romania.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Luxembourg	Romania
1985	24	184
1986	24	180
1987	23	173
1988	24	159
1989	21	143
1990	24	118
1991	25	104
1992	26	95
1993	20	87
1994	20	80
1995	22	75
1996	23	72
1997	22	66
1998	18	58
1999	21	51
2000	18	45
2001	19	41
2002	17	38
2003	15	35
2004	17	32
2005	17	30
2006	16	27
2007	14	25
2008	13	25
2009	15	25
2010	17	23
2011	13	20
2012	13	19
2013	15	18
2014	13	18
2015	13	18
2016	13	17
2017	15	17
2018	9	15
2019	12	14
2020	6	16
2021	6	20
2022	6	13
2023	11	12

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.23% in Luxembourg and 0.66% in Romania. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Luxembourg	Romania
1960	3.72%	8.82%
1961	3.54%	7.98%
1962	3.36%	6.98%
1963	3.2%	6.03%
1964	3.04%	5.45%
1965	2.89%	5.44%
1966	2.75%	5.83%
1967	2.61%	6.27%
1968	2.48%	6.44%
1969	2.36%	6.23%
1970	2.24%	5.69%
1971	2.11%	5.06%
1972	1.99%	4.64%
1973	1.88%	4.49%
1974	1.77%	4.43%
1975	1.67%	4.27%
1976	1.58%	4.05%
1977	1.51%	3.86%
1978	1.44%	3.76%
1979	1.39%	3.68%
1980	1.34%	3.57%
1981	1.29%	3.44%
1982	1.25%	3.28%
1983	1.21%	3.14%
1984	1.16%	3.08%
1985	1.12%	3.16%
1986	1.07%	3.33%
1987	1.02%	3.45%
1988	0.97%	3.43%
1989	0.93%	3.31%
1990	0.88%	3.14%
1991	0.83%	2.97%
1992	0.78%	2.84%
1993	0.73%	2.79%
1994	0.68%	2.76%
1995	0.64%	2.73%
1996	0.6%	2.68%
1997	0.56%	2.58%
1998	0.53%	2.44%
1999	0.5%	2.29%
2000	0.47%	2.16%
2001	0.44%	2.06%
2002	0.42%	2.01%
2003	0.39%	1.99%
2004	0.37%	1.94%
2005	0.35%	1.82%
2006	0.33%	1.66%
2007	0.31%	1.51%
2008	0.3%	1.4%
2009	0.29%	1.31%
2010	0.28%	1.24%
2011	0.27%	1.18%
2012	0.27%	1.12%
2013	0.26%	1.05%
2014	0.26%	0.99%
2015	0.26%	0.92%
2016	0.25%	0.85%
2017	0.25%	0.79%
2018	0.25%	0.73%
2019	0.25%	0.68%
2020	0.25%	0.66%
2021	0.24%	0.65%
2022	0.24%	0.66%
2023	0.23%	0.66%