Skip to content

Economy of Greece vs Sri Lanka compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Greece has a GDP of $256B compared to $99B for Sri Lanka, ranking 53/197 and 72/197 by economy size, respectively.

Greece has $397B in government debt (154.8% of GDP), compared to $99.8B (100.8% of GDP) in Sri Lanka.

Greece vs Sri Lanka GDP by year

Greece
Sri Lanka
1x
Year GDP, current $
Greece Sri Lanka
2024 $256,238,371,778 $98,963,185,510
2023 $242,946,187,738 $83,716,142,582
2022 $217,990,189,601 $74,143,020,263
2021 $218,303,801,895 $88,556,698,938
2020 $191,362,985,555 $84,335,574,582
2019 $207,305,649,887 $88,998,706,297
2018 $213,298,873,494 $94,450,015,983
2017 $200,381,103,984 $94,369,350,286
2016 $193,097,239,006 $88,000,211,172
2015 $194,567,373,678 $85,090,301,052
2014 $233,911,581,521 $82,531,125,191
2013 $236,556,279,641 $76,976,203,829
2012 $238,841,140,018 $70,447,217,164
2011 $283,228,079,776 $67,753,285,897
2010 $296,417,644,404 $58,636,049,434
2009 $326,829,054,686 $42,066,224,093
2008 $351,121,399,546 $40,713,826,215
2007 $314,226,996,944 $32,350,238,760
2006 $269,073,415,334 $28,267,410,543
2005 $242,315,668,619 $24,405,791,045
2004 $234,979,615,898 $20,662,525,941
2003 $196,930,509,813 $18,881,765,437
2002 $150,253,800,086 $16,536,535,647
2001 $132,050,474,720 $15,749,753,805
2000 $125,760,166,225 $16,595,882,819
1999 $137,131,371,955 $15,711,933,513
1998 $139,612,812,176 $15,760,736,956
1997 $138,766,067,640 $15,091,913,884
1996 $142,502,984,145 $13,897,738,375
1995 $134,974,613,914 $13,029,697,561
1994 $114,980,063,202 $11,717,604,209
1993 $107,295,704,518 $10,338,679,636
1992 $114,608,178,405 $9,703,011,636
1991 $103,680,863,713 $9,000,362,582
1990 $96,529,587,274 $8,032,551,173
1989 $78,067,933,277 $6,987,267,684
1988 $75,200,610,137 $6,978,371,581
1987 $64,739,630,096 $6,682,167,120
1986 $55,595,445,472 $6,405,210,564
1985 $47,155,741,426 $5,978,460,972
1984 $47,352,146,312 $6,043,474,843
1983 $48,741,397,059 $5,167,913,302
1982 $53,858,346,939 $4,768,765,017
1981 $51,618,456,335 $4,415,844,156
1980 $56,039,256,595 $4,024,621,900
1979 $53,724,121,435 $3,364,611,432
1978 $43,654,480,519 $2,733,183,857
1977 $35,673,080,481 $4,104,509,583
1976 $30,719,552,239 $3,591,319,857
1975 $28,129,128,587 $3,791,298,146
1974 $24,998,715,909 $3,574,586,466
1973 $22,037,019,563 $2,875,625,000
1972 $16,650,659,091 $2,553,936,348
1971 $14,388,806,818 $2,369,308,600
1970 $12,957,113,636 $2,296,470,588
1969 $11,454,106,327 $1,965,546,218
1968 $9,950,331,206 $1,801,344,538
1967 $9,146,592,856 $1,859,465,021
1966 $8,472,021,467 $1,751,470,588
1965 $7,582,209,670 $1,698,319,328
1964 $6,576,906,345 $1,309,747,899
1963 $5,813,285,627 $1,240,672,269
1962 $5,140,542,929 $1,434,156,379
1961 $4,892,397,431 $1,444,327,731
1960 $4,274,890,307 $1,409,873,950

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/sri-lanka | CC BY

GDP per capita in Greece vs Sri Lanka by year

Greece
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Greece Sri Lanka
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $24,626 $44,327 $4,516 $15,633
2023 $23,344 $42,711 $3,799 $14,456
2022 $20,887 $39,612 $3,343 $14,194
2021 $20,655 $33,531 $3,997 $14,316
2020 $17,887 $29,533 $3,848 $12,941
2019 $19,335 $31,927 $4,082 $14,113
2018 $19,873 $29,792 $4,359 $14,178
2017 $18,632 $28,682 $4,399 $13,610
2016 $17,919 $27,505 $4,149 $13,079
2015 $17,981 $26,608 $4,058 $12,227
2014 $21,475 $26,450 $3,972 $11,721
2013 $21,573 $25,731 $3,739 $11,253
2012 $21,624 $24,583 $3,328 $10,249
2011 $25,505 $25,693 $3,225 $9,076
2010 $26,653 $27,839 $2,808 $8,234
2009 $29,425 $29,963 $2,027 $7,576
2008 $31,696 $30,441 $1,974 $7,317
2007 $28,441 $28,896 $1,579 $6,820
2006 $24,416 $28,076 $1,389 $6,261
2005 $22,054 $25,004 $1,207 $5,679
2004 $21,449 $24,826 $1,029 $5,216
2003 $18,021 $23,253 $946 $4,850
2002 $13,782 $21,985 $835 $4,522
2001 $12,157 $20,304 $804 $4,328
2000 $11,638 $18,820 $860 $4,368
1999 $12,743 $17,758 $829 $4,103
1998 $13,023 $17,434 $848 $3,952
1997 $13,016 $16,630 $827 $3,804
1996 $13,433 $15,778 $776 $3,582
1995 $12,779 $15,218 $742 $3,454
1994 $10,937 $14,667 $678 $3,260
1993 $10,257 $14,150 $607 $3,067
1992 $11,021 $14,130 $580 $2,851
1991 $10,047 $13,824 $546 $2,713
1990 $9,467 $13,126 $491 $2,527
1989 $7,738 - $430 -
1988 $7,492 - $434 -
1987 $6,474 - $420 -
1986 $5,578 - $407 -
1985 $4,747 - $385 -
1984 $4,785 - $391 -
1983 $4,950 - $336 -
1982 $5,502 - $312 -
1981 $5,305 - $292.5 -
1980 $5,812 - $271.1 -
1979 $5,627 - $230.8 -
1978 $4,629 - $191 -
1977 $3,832 - $292.1 -
1976 $3,343 - $260.3 -
1975 $3,109 - $279.8 -
1974 $2,789 - $268.7 -
1973 $2,468 - $220.2 -
1972 $1,873 - $199.4 -
1971 $1,629 - $188.8 -
1970 $1,474 - $186.9 -
1969 $1,306 - $163.6 -
1968 $1,138 - $153.5 -
1967 $1,053 - $162.3 -
1966 $984 - $156.6 -
1965 $887 - $155.6 -
1964 $773 - $122.9 -
1963 $686 - $119.4 -
1962 $608 - $141.4 -
1961 $583 - $145.9 -
1960 $513 - $145.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/sri-lanka | CC BY

Greece's GDP per capita is $24,626, ranking 49/197, compared to $4,516 in Sri Lanka, ranking 124/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Greece ranks 52nd at $44,327, while Sri Lanka ranks 111th at $15,633.

Economic indicators

Greece Sri Lanka
Gross domestic product
$256B
2024
$99B
2024
GDP rank
53/197
2024
72/197
2024
GDP growth
2.09%
2023-2024
5.01%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$24,626
2024
$4,516
2024
GDP per capita rank
49/197
2024
124/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$44,327
2024
$15,633
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
52/197
2024
111/197
2024
Government debt
$397B
2024
$99.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
154.8%
2024
100.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$38,119
2024
$4,554
2024
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2024
85/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$14,396
2026
$2,874
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$83.2B
2024
$19.5B
2024
Number of billionaires
16
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
26%
2023
30.8%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2023
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48%
2024
19.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.74%
2023-2024
-0.43%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
7.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10%
2024
4.67%
2023
Population
10181414
22185425

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Greece
Spending

Debt
Sri Lanka
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Greece Sri Lanka
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 48% 154.8% 19.3% 100.8%
2023 49.5% 165.2% 19.5% 110.4%
2022 52.8% 178.4% 18.6% 115.9%
2021 56.7% 197.8% 20% 102.7%
2020 59.3% 209.9% 22.1% 96.9%
2019 47.6% 183.7% 19.5% 82.6%
2018 48.6% 189.6% 17.5% 83.6%
2017 48.5% 182.6% 17.9% 72.3%
2016 50.3% 183.7% 18.2% 75%
2015 51.9% 180% 19.3% 76.3%
2014 51.5% 182.8% 17.2% 69.6%
2013 53% 180.5% 16.6% 69.5%
2012 54.9% 164.3% 17.3% 67.5%
2011 55.1% 175.1% 19.1% 69.4%
2010 53.1% 147.8% 19.3% 68.7%
2009 54.8% 128.5% 21% 72.8%
2008 51.5% 110.9% 19.1% 68.8%
2007 47.8% 104.6% 19.9% 71.8%
2006 45.9% 105.3% 20.5% 74.3%
2005 46.6% 109.9% 20.1% 76.6%
2004 48.8% 105.5% 19.3% 86.5%
2003 47.9% 104.3% 19.3% 86.5%
2002 47.1% 107.9% 20.8% 96.3%
2001 47.5% 110.5% 22.4% 84.4%
2000 48.2% 108.9% 21.7% 79.2%
1999 48% 102.8% 20.5% 77.7%
1998 46.7% 100.8% 21.4% 74.2%
1997 45.1% 102.6% 21.4% 70.1%
1996 46.1% 103.7% 23.1% 76.2%
1995 46.6% 100.4% 24.8% 77.8%
1994 36.9% 99.7% 24.1% 77.9%
1993 38.6% 101.7% 23.2% 79.2%
1992 36.9% 81.1% 23% 77.9%
1991 35.2% 75.7% 26.4% 80.5%
1990 38.5% 74.2% 25.4% 78.9%
1989 34.8% 60.7% - -
1988 33.8% 57.9% - -
1987 34% 53.2% - -
1986 33.8% 47.8% - -
1985 34.2% 47.3% - -
1984 32% 40.6% - -
1983 30.2% 34.1% - -
1982 28.7% 29.7% - -
1981 28.1% 27.1% - -
1980 24.5% 22.8% - -
1979 24.1% 22.7% - -
1978 30.1% 32.3% - -
1977 30.1% 24.5% - -
1976 29.1% 23.7% - -
1975 28.7% 24.1% - -
1974 25.3% 22.5% - -
1973 24.3% 22% - -
1972 26.8% 26.5% - -
1971 25.8% 25% - -
1970 25.2% 24.7% - -
1969 29.7% 25.8% - -
1968 26.3% 23% - -
1967 24.6% 21.1% - -
1966 22.8% 19% - -
1965 21.7% 16.5% - -
1964 20.4% 21.3% - -
1963 19.5% 22.6% - -
1962 19.7% 16.6% - -
1961 19.3% 14.4% - -
1960 20% 13.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government spending was $123B, accounting for 48% of its GDP, while Sri Lanka spent $19.1B, or 19.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 154.8% in Greece and 100.8% in Sri Lanka, ranking 7/185 and 23/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Greece

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Greece Sri Lanka
2024 1.34% -5.64%
2023 -1.35% -8.32%
2022 -2.46% -10.2%
2021 -7.58% -11.7%
2020 -10.3% -13.4%
2019 -0.09% -7.52%
2018 0.78% -4.96%
2017 1.05% -5.1%
2016 0.28% -5%
2015 -3.03% -6.64%
2014 -4.29% -5.99%
2013 -4.06% -5%
2012 -6.94% -5.44%
2011 -10.5% -6.01%
2010 -11.4% -6.73%
2009 -15.4% -8.33%
2008 -10.3% -5.93%
2007 -6.81% -5.81%
2006 -6.04% -5.91%
2005 -6.33% -5.93%
2004 -9.05% -6.32%
2003 -8.05% -6.15%
2002 -6.2% -6.9%
2001 -5.64% -8.48%
2000 -4.21% -7.78%
1999 -6.02% -5.58%
1998 -6.48% -6.79%
1997 -6.25% -5.71%
1996 -8.35% -6.89%
1995 -9.87% -7.11%
1994 -8.48% -7.41%
1993 -11.5% -5.77%
1992 -10.6% -4.95%
1991 -9.63% -7.97%
1990 -13.3% -6.39%
1989 -11.9% -
1988 -9.63% -
1987 -8.09% -
1986 -8.62% -
1985 -9.56% -
1984 -7.19% -
1983 -6.17% -
1982 -5.49% -
1981 -7.08% -
1980 -2.5% -
1979 -2.34% -
1978 -5.39% -
1977 -5.21% -
1976 -5.05% -
1975 -5.3% -
1974 -4.39% -
1973 -3.71% -
1972 -4.16% -
1971 -3.32% -
1970 -3.24% -
1969 -6.65% -
1968 -3.39% -
1967 -2.59% -
1966 -2.17% -
1965 -2.55% -
1964 -2.89% -
1963 -2.25% -
1962 -2.4% -
1961 -2.69% -
1960 -3.3% -
1959 -2.77% -
1958 -2.27% -
1957 -2.45% -
1956 -0.39% -
1955 -3.57% -
1954 -2.87% -
1953 -3.01% -
1952 -7.21% -
1951 -11.5% -
1950 -12.7% -
1949 -10.4% -
1948 -7.65% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 0.48% -
1938 1.78% -
1937 1.06% -
1936 0.95% -
1935 0.72% -
1934 0.88% -
1933 -2.79% -
1932 -1.78% -
1931 -4% -
1930 -2.23% -
1929 -18.7% -
1928 -0.27% -
1927 2.65% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -8.96% -
1912 -7.43% -
1911 -4.61% -
1910 -1.53% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.54% -
1907 -1.23% -
1906 0.66% -
1905 0.91% -
1904 -0.04% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.67% -
1901 0.1% -
1900 0.41% -
1899 0.86% -
1898 -34.5% -
1897 -8.46% -
1896 0.82% -
1895 0.37% -
1894 2.91% -
1893 0.14% -
1892 -2.28% -
1891 -6.48% -
1890 -11.2% -
1889 -15.7% -
1888 -3.59% -
1887 -4.88% -
1886 -11.5% -
1885 -12.1% -
1884 -7.16% -
1883 -2.42% -
1882 -1.69% -
1881 -14.5% -
1880 -13.5% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.43B, equivalent to 1.34% of GDP. This compares to Sri Lanka's deficit of $5.58B, or 5.64% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Greece recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Sri Lanka ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Greece posted an annual deficit equal to 6.49% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.85% of GDP for Sri Lanka.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Greece

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Greece Sri Lanka
2024 2.74% -0.43%
2023 3.46% 16.5%
2022 9.65% 49.7%
2021 1.22% 7.01%
2020 -1.25% 6.15%
2019 0.25% 3.53%
2018 0.63% 2.14%
2017 1.12% 7.7%
2016 -0.83% 3.96%
2015 -1.74% 3.77%
2014 -1.31% 3.18%
2013 -0.92% 6.91%
2012 1.5% 7.54%
2011 3.33% 6.72%
2010 4.71% 6.22%
2009 1.21% 3.46%
2008 4.15% 22.6%
2007 2.9% 15.8%
2006 3.2% 10%
2005 3.55% 11.6%
2004 2.9% 7.58%
2003 3.53% 6.31%
2002 3.63% 9.55%
2001 3.37% 14.2%
2000 3.15% 6.18%
1999 2.64% 4.69%
1998 4.77% 9.36%
1997 5.54% 9.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/sri-lanka | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Greece has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 9.34% in Sri Lanka. In 2024, inflation was 2.74% in Greece and -0.43% in Sri Lanka.

Top exports between countries

Greece
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.74M
Miscellaneous $2.37M
Chemicals & pharma $1.08M
Textiles & consumer goods $198K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $129K
Raw materials & minerals $50K
Metals $25K
Weapons & explosives $13K
Wood & paper products $7K
Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $3.81M
Raw materials & minerals $1.72M
Metals $1.41M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.25M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $674K
Chemicals & pharma $63K
Machinery & equipment $39K
Animal & marine products $38K
Wood & paper products $8K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Greece Sri Lanka
Current account balance
-$18.2B
2024
$1.21B
2024
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2024
53/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.11%
2024
+1.22%
2024
Goods imports
$91.2B
2024
$18.8B
2024
Goods exports
$52.6B
2024
$12.8B
2024
Service imports
$31.1B
2024
$3.48B
2024
Service exports
$55.8B
2024
$6.91B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.7%
2024
22.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.1%
2024
19.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Greece Sri Lanka
Economic freedom 63.2 50.3
Economic freedom ranking 82/197 162/197
Property rights 78 47.3
Government integrity 54.8 37.3
Judicial effectiveness 68 47.2
Tax burden 59.9 77
Government spending 24.7 89
Fiscal health 78.9 0
Business freedom 77.8 60.1
Labor freedom 59.7 54.3
Monetary freedom 72.6 65.9
Trade freedom 79.4 65.6
Investment freedom 55 30
Financial freedom 50 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Greece
Sri Lanka
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Greece Sri Lanka
2026 63.2 50.3
2025 60.6 49.4
2024 55.1 49.2
2023 56.9 52.2
2022 61.5 53.3
2021 60.9 55.7
2020 59.9 57.4
2019 57.7 56.4
2018 57.3 57.8
2017 55 57.4
2016 53.2 59.9
2015 54 58.6
2014 55.7 60
2013 55.4 60.7
2012 55.4 58.3
2011 60.3 57.1
2010 62.7 54.6
2009 60.8 56
2008 60.6 58.4
2007 58.7 59.4
2006 60.1 58.7
2005 59 61
2004 59.1 61.6
2003 58.8 62.5
2002 59.1 64
2001 63.4 66
2000 61 63.2
1999 61 64
1998 60.6 64.6
1997 59.6 65.5
1996 60.5 62.5
1995 61.2 60.6

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/sri-lanka | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Greece is 63.2, ranking 82/197, compared to 50.3 for Sri Lanka, ranking 162/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Greece Sri Lanka
Services, % of GDP
68%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
15%
2024
25.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.77%
2024
8.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$236B
2024
$84.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$43,340
2024
$15,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$15.2B
2024
$6.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
67/177
2024
92/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
-$651M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$6.74B
2024
$761M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.22B
2024
$110M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.98%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.8%
2021
14.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.3%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/sri-lanka | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.