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Economy of Netherlands vs Sri Lanka compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Netherlands has a GDP of $1.21T compared to $99B for Sri Lanka, ranking 19/197 and 72/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Netherlands has $532B in government debt (43.8% of GDP), compared to $99.8B (100.8% of GDP) in Sri Lanka.

Netherlands vs Sri Lanka GDP by year

Netherlands
Sri Lanka
1x
Year GDP, current $
Netherlands Sri Lanka
2024 $1,214,927,698,573 $98,963,185,510
2023 $1,135,475,867,551 $83,716,142,582
2022 $1,046,540,797,549 $74,143,020,263
2021 $1,054,472,123,450 $88,556,698,938
2020 $932,560,861,701 $84,335,574,582
2019 $928,903,005,576 $88,998,706,297
2018 $929,733,599,797 $94,450,015,983
2017 $848,233,537,846 $94,369,350,286
2016 $797,163,949,290 $88,000,211,172
2015 $775,743,675,303 $85,090,301,052
2014 $901,556,501,756 $82,531,125,191
2013 $883,951,539,007 $76,976,203,829
2012 $845,689,017,066 $70,447,217,164
2011 $913,140,741,333 $67,753,285,897
2010 $852,464,982,433 $58,636,049,434
2009 $878,954,223,140 $42,066,224,093
2008 $957,901,566,041 $40,713,826,215
2007 $853,499,460,873 $32,350,238,760
2006 $737,593,995,289 $28,267,410,543
2005 $688,133,699,636 $24,405,791,045
2004 $661,224,886,143 $20,662,525,941
2003 $582,435,617,082 $18,881,765,437
2002 $475,529,972,123 $16,536,535,647
2001 $432,536,219,669 $15,749,753,805
2000 $417,649,282,154 $16,595,882,819
1999 $447,778,514,140 $15,711,933,513
1998 $438,612,530,549 $15,760,736,956
1997 $417,506,211,882 $15,091,913,884
1996 $451,372,549,020 $13,897,738,375
1995 $452,967,334,614 $13,029,697,561
1994 $379,688,232,232 $11,717,604,209
1993 $354,070,495,966 $10,338,679,636
1992 $363,497,050,125 $9,703,011,636
1991 $327,982,316,124 $9,000,362,582
1990 $318,799,003,994 $8,032,551,173
1989 $258,716,904,292 $6,987,267,684
1988 $262,295,966,105 $6,978,371,581
1987 $245,406,949,521 $6,682,167,120
1986 $201,157,708,221 $6,405,210,564
1985 $144,057,523,222 $5,978,460,972
1984 $144,124,462,912 $6,043,474,843
1983 $153,671,294,109 $5,167,913,302
1982 $158,712,765,536 $4,768,765,017
1981 $164,375,775,854 $4,415,844,156
1980 $195,439,301,707 $4,024,621,900
1979 $179,933,827,310 $3,364,611,432
1978 $156,089,077,205 $2,733,183,857
1977 $127,203,923,857 $4,104,509,583
1976 $109,329,386,564 $3,591,319,857
1975 $100,397,061,694 $3,791,298,146
1974 $87,371,810,804 $3,574,586,466
1973 $71,946,639,603 $2,875,625,000
1972 $54,787,070,173 $2,553,936,348
1971 $44,644,730,576 $2,369,308,600
1970 $38,220,884,519 $2,296,470,588
1969 $34,086,038,090 $1,965,546,218
1968 $30,097,635,751 $1,801,344,538
1967 $27,143,828,099 $1,859,465,021
1966 $24,741,480,717 $1,751,470,588
1965 $22,721,869,808 $1,698,319,328
1964 $20,232,048,553 $1,309,747,899
1963 $17,193,744,109 $1,240,672,269
1962 $15,847,582,341 $1,434,156,379
1961 $14,599,836,396 $1,444,327,731
1960 $13,282,979,015 $1,409,873,950

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/sri-lanka | CC BY

GDP per capita in Netherlands vs Sri Lanka by year

Netherlands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Netherlands Sri Lanka
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $67,520 $86,174 $4,516 $15,633
2023 $63,516 $81,729 $3,799 $14,456
2022 $59,123 $78,630 $3,343 $14,194
2021 $60,142 $68,574 $3,997 $14,316
2020 $53,468 $62,597 $3,848 $12,941
2019 $53,555 $62,345 $4,082 $14,113
2018 $53,955 $58,819 $4,359 $14,178
2017 $49,514 $56,038 $4,399 $13,610
2016 $46,809 $53,162 $4,149 $13,079
2015 $45,794 $50,957 $4,058 $12,227
2014 $53,457 $49,751 $3,972 $11,721
2013 $52,602 $49,622 $3,739 $11,253
2012 $50,474 $47,653 $3,328 $10,249
2011 $54,702 $47,004 $3,225 $9,076
2010 $51,306 $45,301 $2,808 $8,234
2009 $53,172 $44,959 $2,027 $7,576
2008 $58,247 $46,714 $1,974 $7,317
2007 $52,101 $44,203 $1,579 $6,820
2006 $45,124 $41,208 $1,389 $6,261
2005 $42,165 $37,778 $1,207 $5,679
2004 $40,611 $35,961 $1,029 $5,216
2003 $35,897 $34,286 $946 $4,850
2002 $29,447 $34,568 $835 $4,522
2001 $26,956 $33,259 $804 $4,328
2000 $26,225 $31,895 $860 $4,368
1999 $28,319 $29,316 $829 $4,103
1998 $27,924 $27,749 $848 $3,952
1997 $26,745 $26,062 $827 $3,804
1996 $29,064 $24,564 $776 $3,582
1995 $29,301 $23,480 $742 $3,454
1994 $24,683 $22,414 $678 $3,260
1993 $23,156 $21,443 $607 $3,067
1992 $23,939 $20,831 $580 $2,851
1991 $21,764 $20,177 $546 $2,713
1990 $21,322 $19,203 $491 $2,527
1989 $17,423 - $430 -
1988 $17,771 - $434 -
1987 $16,734 - $420 -
1986 $13,804 - $407 -
1985 $9,941 - $385 -
1984 $9,992 - $391 -
1983 $10,696 - $336 -
1982 $11,089 - $312 -
1981 $11,537 - $292.5 -
1980 $13,812 - $271.1 -
1979 $12,817 - $230.8 -
1978 $11,196 - $191 -
1977 $9,180 - $292.1 -
1976 $7,937 - $260.3 -
1975 $7,346 - $279.8 -
1974 $6,450 - $268.7 -
1973 $5,353 - $220.2 -
1972 $4,110 - $199.4 -
1971 $3,384 - $188.8 -
1970 $2,931 - $186.9 -
1969 $2,647 - $163.6 -
1968 $2,364 - $153.5 -
1967 $2,155 - $162.3 -
1966 $1,986 - $156.6 -
1965 $1,848 - $155.6 -
1964 $1,668 - $122.9 -
1963 $1,437 - $119.4 -
1962 $1,342 - $141.4 -
1961 $1,254 - $145.9 -
1960 $1,156 - $145.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/sri-lanka | CC BY

The Netherlands' GDP per capita is $67,520, ranking 13/197, compared to $4,516 in Sri Lanka, ranking 124/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Netherlands ranks 11th at $86,174, while Sri Lanka ranks 111th at $15,633.

Economic indicators

Netherlands Sri Lanka
Gross domestic product
$1.21T
2024
$99B
2024
GDP rank
19/197
2024
72/197
2024
GDP growth
1.08%
2023-2024
5.01%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$67,520
2024
$4,516
2024
GDP per capita rank
13/197
2024
124/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$86,174
2024
$15,633
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
11/197
2024
111/197
2024
Government debt
$532B
2024
$99.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43.8%
2024
100.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$29,571
2024
$4,554
2024
Government debt per person rank
24/185
2024
85/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$47,815
2026
$2,874
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.1T
2017
$19.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
1,267,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
13
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.4%
2021
30.8%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2021
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.4%
2024
19.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.35%
2023-2024
-0.43%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
7.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.64%
2024
4.67%
2023
Population
18252623
22185425

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Netherlands
Spending

Debt
Sri Lanka
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Netherlands Sri Lanka
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.4% 43.8% 19.3% 100.8%
2023 44% 45.9% 19.5% 110.4%
2022 43.3% 48.4% 18.6% 115.9%
2021 45.9% 50.5% 20% 102.7%
2020 47.8% 53.4% 22.1% 96.9%
2019 42.1% 47.7% 19.5% 82.6%
2018 42.4% 51.6% 17.5% 83.6%
2017 42.8% 56% 17.9% 72.3%
2016 43.9% 60.9% 18.2% 75%
2015 45.3% 63.8% 19.3% 76.3%
2014 46.7% 67.2% 17.2% 69.6%
2013 47.5% 67.2% 16.6% 69.5%
2012 47.6% 65.7% 17.3% 67.5%
2011 47.8% 61.2% 19.1% 69.4%
2010 48.9% 58.9% 19.3% 68.7%
2009 48.4% 56.3% 21% 72.8%
2008 44.3% 54.4% 19.1% 68.8%
2007 43.3% 42.7% 19.9% 71.8%
2006 44% 45% 20.5% 74.3%
2005 43.4% 49.6% 20.1% 76.6%
2004 44.7% 50.1% 19.3% 86.5%
2003 45.8% 49.8% 19.3% 86.5%
2002 44.8% 48.7% 20.8% 96.3%
2001 44.1% 49.4% 22.4% 84.4%
2000 43.2% 52.2% 21.7% 79.2%
1999 44.3% 58.6% 20.5% 77.7%
1998 44.6% 62.7% 21.4% 74.2%
1997 45.7% 65.7% 21.4% 70.1%
1996 47.3% 71.2% 23.1% 76.2%
1995 53.9% 73% 24.8% 77.8%
1994 49.4% 73.5% 24.1% 77.9%
1993 50.9% 76.7% 23.2% 79.2%
1992 50.2% 75.6% 23% 77.9%
1991 49.6% 74.8% 26.4% 80.5%
1990 48.8% 75% 25.4% 78.9%
1989 54.5% 73.7% - -
1988 56.4% 73.7% - -
1987 58.5% 71.3% - -
1986 57% 68.9% - -
1985 57.3% 67.1% - -
1984 58.1% 61.9% - -
1983 59.1% 58.4% - -
1982 59.1% 52.4% - -
1981 56.8% 46.9% - -
1980 55.2% 43.6% - -
1979 53.7% 39.5% - -
1978 52.3% 38.1% - -
1977 50.6% 34.9% - -
1976 50.8% 35.2% - -
1975 50.8% 36.1% - -
1974 46.4% 36.3% - -
1973 44.6% 38.1% - -
1972 44.9% 41.3% - -
1971 44.6% 43.7% - -
1970 43.2% 46.1% - -
1969 42.1% 48.2% - -
1968 25.4% 54.4% - -
1967 24.1% 55% - -
1966 24.4% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 55.8% - -
1964 22.3% 57.1% - -
1963 21.9% 61.7% - -
1962 22.1% 63.8% - -
1961 22.2% 65.9% - -
1960 20.4% 66.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, the Netherlands' government spending was $540B, accounting for 44.4% of its GDP, while Sri Lanka spent $19.1B, or 19.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 43.8% in the Netherlands and 100.8% in Sri Lanka, ranking 123/185 and 23/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Netherlands

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Netherlands Sri Lanka
2024 -0.94% -5.64%
2023 -0.37% -8.32%
2022 0.002% -10.2%
2021 -2.26% -11.7%
2020 -3.72% -13.4%
2019 1.91% -7.52%
2018 1.49% -4.96%
2017 1.35% -5.1%
2016 0.23% -5%
2015 -1.84% -6.64%
2014 -2.17% -5.99%
2013 -2.87% -5%
2012 -3.83% -5.44%
2011 -4.42% -6.01%
2010 -5.3% -6.73%
2009 -5.06% -8.33%
2008 -0.06% -5.93%
2007 -0.16% -5.81%
2006 0.04% -5.91%
2005 -0.51% -5.93%
2004 -1.82% -6.32%
2003 -3.19% -6.15%
2002 -2.23% -6.9%
2001 -0.47% -8.48%
2000 1.14% -7.78%
1999 0.28% -5.58%
1998 -1.34% -6.79%
1997 -1.6% -5.71%
1996 -1.91% -6.89%
1995 -8.72% -7.11%
1994 -3.53% -7.41%
1993 -3.13% -5.77%
1992 -3.12% -4.95%
1991 -2.05% -7.97%
1990 -4.08% -6.39%
1989 -5% -
1988 -4.23% -
1987 -5.39% -
1986 -4.62% -
1985 -3.6% -
1984 -5.25% -
1983 -5.47% -
1982 -6.17% -
1981 -4.92% -
1980 -3.95% -
1979 -2.46% -
1978 -2.09% -
1977 -0.75% -
1976 -2.02% -
1975 -2.82% -
1974 -0.26% -
1973 0.54% -
1972 -0.7% -
1971 -1.58% -
1970 -1.52% -
1969 -1.14% -
1968 -3.06% -
1967 -1.97% -
1966 -2.37% -
1965 -1.15% -
1964 -1.2% -
1963 -0.54% -
1962 -1.38% -
1961 -0.38% -
1960 0.9% -
1959 -0.74% -
1958 -0.89% -
1957 0.3% -
1956 -0.83% -
1955 -0.25% -
1954 0.76% -
1953 -2.95% -
1952 2.19% -
1951 2.13% -
1950 0.81% -
1949 2.3% -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -3.19% -
1938 -0.37% -
1937 0.02% -
1936 -0.41% -
1935 -0.69% -
1934 -0.92% -
1933 -2.55% -
1932 -1.97% -
1931 -1.66% -
1930 -0.55% -
1929 -1.16% -
1928 -0.62% -
1927 -0.33% -
1926 -0.78% -
1925 -2.04% -
1924 -3.37% -
1923 -2.62% -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -0.45% -
1912 -0.47% -
1911 -0.13% -
1910 -0.93% -
1909 -0.34% -
1908 -0.57% -
1907 0.03% -
1906 0.16% -
1905 0.1% -
1904 -0.72% -
1903 0.09% -
1902 -0.14% -
1901 0.03% -
1900 0.06% -
1899 -0.13% -
1898 -0.48% -
1897 -0.45% -
1896 0.08% -
1895 -0.06% -
1894 0.12% -
1893 -0.76% -
1892 -1.72% -
1891 -0.06% -
1890 -0.06% -
1889 0.04% -
1888 -0.31% -
1887 -0.37% -
1886 -0.08% -
1885 -0.55% -
1884 0% -
1883 -2.1% -
1882 -1.11% -
1881 -1.06% -
1880 0.21% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, the Netherlands' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $11.5B, equivalent to 0.94% of GDP. This compares to Sri Lanka's deficit of $5.58B, or 5.64% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, the Netherlands recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of those years, while Sri Lanka ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, the Netherlands posted an annual deficit equal to 1.84% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.85% of GDP for Sri Lanka.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Netherlands

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Netherlands Sri Lanka
2024 3.35% -0.43%
2023 3.84% 16.5%
2022 10% 49.7%
2021 2.68% 7.01%
2020 1.27% 6.15%
2019 2.63% 3.53%
2018 1.7% 2.14%
2017 1.38% 7.7%
2016 0.32% 3.96%
2015 0.6% 3.77%
2014 0.98% 3.18%
2013 2.51% 6.91%
2012 2.46% 7.54%
2011 2.34% 6.72%
2010 1.28% 6.22%
2009 1.19% 3.46%
2008 2.49% 22.6%
2007 1.61% 15.8%
2006 1.1% 10%
2005 1.69% 11.6%
2004 1.26% 7.58%
2003 2.09% 6.31%
2002 3.29% 9.55%
2001 4.16% 14.2%
2000 2.36% 6.18%
1999 2.16% 4.69%
1998 1.96% 9.36%
1997 2.11% 9.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/sri-lanka | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Netherlands has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 9.34% in Sri Lanka. In 2024, inflation was 3.35% in the Netherlands and -0.43% in Sri Lanka.

Top exports between countries

Netherlands
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $27.2M
Machinery & equipment $23.9M
Animal & marine products $10.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.79M
Raw materials & minerals $7.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.76M
Raw agricultural goods $2.57M
Miscellaneous $2.1M
Metals $1.38M
Wood & paper products $976K
Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $238M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $56.9M
Raw agricultural goods $35.3M
Raw materials & minerals $23.6M
Animal & marine products $17.6M
Machinery & equipment $13.2M
Chemicals & pharma $3.18M
Wood & paper products $3.02M
Miscellaneous $2.43M
Metals $406K

Balance of trade

Netherlands Sri Lanka
Current account balance
$111B
2024
$1.21B
2024
Current account balance ranking
5/190
2024
53/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+9.13%
2024
+1.22%
2024
Goods imports
$606B
2024
$18.8B
2024
Goods exports
$693B
2024
$12.8B
2024
Service imports
$262B
2024
$3.48B
2024
Service exports
$308B
2024
$6.91B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
71.4%
2024
22.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
82.4%
2024
19.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Netherlands Sri Lanka
Economic freedom 78.5 50.3
Economic freedom ranking 11/197 162/197
Property rights 96 47.3
Government integrity 86.8 37.3
Judicial effectiveness 96.1 47.2
Tax burden 54 77
Government spending 42.2 89
Fiscal health 95.9 0
Business freedom 85 60.1
Labor freedom 59.3 54.3
Monetary freedom 77 65.9
Trade freedom 79.4 65.6
Investment freedom 90 30
Financial freedom 80 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Netherlands
Sri Lanka
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Netherlands Sri Lanka
2026 78.5 50.3
2025 78.2 49.4
2024 77.3 49.2
2023 78 52.2
2022 79.5 53.3
2021 76.8 55.7
2020 77 57.4
2019 76.8 56.4
2018 76.2 57.8
2017 75.8 57.4
2016 74.6 59.9
2015 73.7 58.6
2014 74.2 60
2013 73.5 60.7
2012 73.3 58.3
2011 74.7 57.1
2010 75 54.6
2009 77 56
2008 77.4 58.4
2007 75.5 59.4
2006 75.4 58.7
2005 72.9 61
2004 74.5 61.6
2003 74.6 62.5
2002 75.1 64
2001 73 66
2000 70.4 63.2
1999 70.2 64
1998 69.2 64.6
1997 70.4 65.5
1996 69.7 62.5
1995 - 60.6

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/sri-lanka | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Netherlands is 78.5, ranking 11/197, compared to 50.3 for Sri Lanka, ranking 162/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Netherlands Sri Lanka
Services, % of GDP
70.5%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
25.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.73%
2024
8.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.12T
2024
$84.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,970
2024
$15,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$79.1B
2024
$6.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
34/177
2024
92/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.1B
2024
-$651M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$17.1B
2024
$761M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$5.93B
2024
$110M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.98%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.5%
2021
14.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.7%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.