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Economy of Finland vs Sri Lanka compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Finland has a GDP of $299B compared to $99B for Sri Lanka, ranking 47/197 and 72/197 by economy size, respectively.

Finland has $245B in government debt (82.1% of GDP), compared to $99.8B (100.8% of GDP) in Sri Lanka.

Finland vs Sri Lanka GDP by year

Finland
Sri Lanka
1x
Year GDP, current $
Finland Sri Lanka
2024 $298,696,961,298 $98,963,185,510
2023 $295,021,982,463 $83,716,142,582
2022 $280,253,099,309 $74,143,020,263
2021 $294,223,210,496 $88,556,698,938
2020 $270,000,311,606 $84,335,574,582
2019 $267,014,821,129 $88,998,706,297
2018 $273,869,255,596 $94,450,015,983
2017 $253,846,138,440 $94,369,350,286
2016 $238,777,818,793 $88,000,211,172
2015 $233,210,733,506 $85,090,301,052
2014 $273,478,528,955 $82,531,125,191
2013 $270,268,036,626 $76,976,203,829
2012 $257,443,384,493 $70,447,217,164
2011 $275,126,915,516 $67,753,285,897
2010 $249,429,613,683 $58,636,049,434
2009 $253,480,783,439 $42,066,224,093
2008 $285,698,662,071 $40,713,826,215
2007 $256,360,251,538 $32,350,238,760
2006 $217,044,068,234 $28,267,410,543
2005 $204,859,368,791 $24,405,791,045
2004 $197,458,297,640 $20,662,525,941
2003 $171,612,867,736 $18,881,765,437
2002 $140,360,963,812 $16,536,535,647
2001 $129,519,672,869 $15,749,753,805
2000 $125,967,821,111 $16,595,882,819
1999 $135,234,241,918 $15,711,933,513
1998 $133,990,876,725 $15,760,736,956
1997 $126,862,902,302 $15,091,913,884
1996 $131,991,975,149 $13,897,738,375
1995 $134,060,457,516 $13,029,697,561
1994 $103,182,697,780 $11,717,604,209
1993 $89,112,105,756 $10,338,679,636
1992 $112,537,828,511 $9,703,011,636
1991 $127,794,441,994 $9,000,362,582
1990 $141,446,120,355 $8,032,551,173
1989 $118,991,270,611 $6,987,267,684
1988 $109,039,090,263 $6,978,371,581
1987 $91,564,993,913 $6,682,167,120
1986 $73,511,611,541 $6,405,210,564
1985 $55,856,676,899 $5,978,460,972
1984 $52,870,993,273 $6,043,474,843
1983 $50,956,447,481 $5,167,913,302
1982 $52,784,013,815 $4,768,765,017
1981 $52,440,066,134 $4,415,844,156
1980 $53,649,984,061 $4,024,621,900
1979 $44,469,218,440 $3,364,611,432
1978 $36,259,392,058 $2,733,183,857
1977 $33,502,784,418 $4,104,509,583
1976 $31,852,352,670 $3,591,319,857
1975 $29,475,251,333 $3,791,298,146
1974 $24,851,036,710 $3,574,586,466
1973 $19,474,098,335 $2,875,625,000
1972 $14,744,499,570 $2,553,936,348
1971 $12,528,522,307 $2,369,308,600
1970 $11,358,529,162 $2,296,470,588
1969 $10,177,524,839 $1,965,546,218
1968 $8,916,565,041 $1,801,344,538
1967 $9,468,272,357 $1,859,465,021
1966 $9,306,142,172 $1,751,470,588
1965 $8,680,393,839 $1,698,319,328
1964 $7,848,987,793 $1,309,747,899
1963 $6,958,916,548 $1,240,672,269
1962 $6,407,796,043 $1,434,156,379
1961 $5,984,433,774 $1,444,327,731
1960 $5,279,481,824 $1,409,873,950

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/sri-lanka | CC BY

GDP per capita in Finland vs Sri Lanka by year

Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Finland Sri Lanka
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $53,150 $65,378 $4,516 $15,633
2023 $52,834 $63,415 $3,799 $14,456
2022 $50,441 $62,133 $3,343 $14,194
2021 $53,099 $56,790 $3,997 $14,316
2020 $48,829 $53,297 $3,848 $12,941
2019 $48,358 $52,276 $4,082 $14,113
2018 $49,654 $49,249 $4,359 $14,178
2017 $46,085 $47,235 $4,399 $13,610
2016 $43,451 $44,562 $4,149 $13,079
2015 $42,560 $42,258 $4,058 $12,227
2014 $50,074 $41,547 $3,972 $11,721
2013 $49,691 $41,326 $3,739 $11,253
2012 $47,552 $40,739 $3,328 $10,249
2011 $51,060 $40,846 $3,225 $9,076
2010 $46,506 $38,946 $2,808 $8,234
2009 $47,478 $37,988 $2,027 $7,576
2008 $53,769 $40,081 $1,974 $7,317
2007 $48,473 $37,843 $1,579 $6,820
2006 $41,214 $34,440 $1,389 $6,261
2005 $39,050 $32,048 $1,207 $5,679
2004 $37,768 $31,195 $1,029 $5,216
2003 $32,920 $29,043 $946 $4,850
2002 $26,989 $28,596 $835 $4,522
2001 $24,965 $27,798 $804 $4,328
2000 $24,336 $26,783 $860 $4,368
1999 $26,180 $24,762 $829 $4,103
1998 $26,000 $23,570 $848 $3,952
1997 $24,682 $21,787 $827 $3,804
1996 $25,757 $20,067 $776 $3,582
1995 $26,246 $19,568 $742 $3,454
1994 $20,278 $18,458 $678 $3,260
1993 $17,589 $17,458 $607 $3,067
1992 $22,320 $17,271 $580 $2,851
1991 $25,489 $17,563 $546 $2,713
1990 $28,366 $18,149 $491 $2,527
1989 $23,969 - $430 -
1988 $22,044 - $434 -
1987 $18,565 - $420 -
1986 $14,947 - $407 -
1985 $11,394 - $385 -
1984 $10,830 - $391 -
1983 $10,494 - $336 -
1982 $10,935 - $312 -
1981 $10,925 - $292.5 -
1980 $11,225 - $271.1 -
1979 $9,333 - $230.8 -
1978 $7,629 - $191 -
1977 $7,070 - $292.1 -
1976 $6,740 - $260.3 -
1975 $6,256 - $279.8 -
1974 $5,298 - $268.7 -
1973 $4,174 - $220.2 -
1972 $3,178 - $199.4 -
1971 $2,716 - $188.8 -
1970 $2,466 - $186.9 -
1969 $2,201 - $163.6 -
1968 $1,927 - $153.5 -
1967 $2,056 - $162.3 -
1966 $2,032 - $156.6 -
1965 $1,902 - $155.6 -
1964 $1,726 - $122.9 -
1963 $1,538 - $119.4 -
1962 $1,427 - $141.4 -
1961 $1,341 - $145.9 -
1960 $1,192 - $145.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/sri-lanka | CC BY

Finland's GDP per capita is $53,150, ranking 23/197, compared to $4,516 in Sri Lanka, ranking 124/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Finland ranks 27th at $65,378, while Sri Lanka ranks 111th at $15,633.

Economic indicators

Finland Sri Lanka
Gross domestic product
$299B
2024
$99B
2024
GDP rank
47/197
2024
72/197
2024
GDP growth
0.42%
2023-2024
5.01%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$53,150
2024
$4,516
2024
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2024
124/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$65,378
2024
$15,633
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
27/197
2024
111/197
2024
Government debt
$245B
2024
$99.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.1%
2024
100.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$43,662
2024
$4,554
2024
Government debt per person rank
12/185
2024
85/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,394
2026
$2,874
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$20.3B
2004
$19.5B
2024
Number of billionaires
7
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.5%
2023
30.8%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.7%
2024
19.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.57%
2023-2024
-0.43%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
7.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.34%
2024
4.67%
2023
Population
5631965
22185425

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Finland
Spending

Debt
Sri Lanka
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Finland Sri Lanka
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.7% 82.1% 19.3% 100.8%
2023 55.9% 77.5% 19.5% 110.4%
2022 52.6% 74% 18.6% 115.9%
2021 55.2% 73.2% 20% 102.7%
2020 56.5% 75.3% 22.1% 96.9%
2019 52.6% 65.3% 19.5% 82.6%
2018 52.7% 65.3% 17.5% 83.6%
2017 52.8% 66.6% 17.9% 72.3%
2016 55.1% 68.6% 18.2% 75%
2015 55.7% 68.8% 19.3% 76.3%
2014 57.6% 64.8% 17.2% 69.6%
2013 57.1% 60.8% 16.6% 69.5%
2012 55.7% 57.9% 17.3% 67.5%
2011 53.8% 52% 19.1% 69.4%
2010 54% 50.1% 19.3% 68.7%
2009 54.1% 41.5% 21% 72.8%
2008 47.9% 32.6% 19.1% 68.8%
2007 46.7% 33.9% 19.9% 71.8%
2006 48.3% 38% 20.5% 74.3%
2005 49.2% 39.9% 20.1% 76.6%
2004 48.2% 42.6% 19.3% 86.5%
2003 48.3% 42.7% 19.3% 86.5%
2002 47.5% 40.1% 20.8% 96.3%
2001 46.2% 40.9% 22.4% 84.4%
2000 46.9% 42.4% 21.7% 79.2%
1999 49.9% 44% 20.5% 77.7%
1998 51.3% 46.8% 21.4% 74.2%
1997 54.9% 52.2% 21.4% 70.1%
1996 58.5% 55.4% 23.1% 76.2%
1995 60% 55.2% 24.8% 77.8%
1994 62.2% 56.2% 24.1% 77.9%
1993 63.7% 54.2% 23.2% 79.2%
1992 60.8% 39.3% 23% 77.9%
1991 55.8% 21.9% 26.4% 80.5%
1990 47.1% 13.9% 25.4% 78.9%
1989 44.4% 14.3% - -
1988 46.4% 16.5% - -
1987 47.8% 17.6% - -
1986 46.9% 16.4% - -
1985 46.3% 15.8% - -
1984 44.4% 15.2% - -
1983 44.4% 15.4% - -
1982 42.7% 13.9% - -
1981 41% 11.5% - -
1980 40.1% 10.9% - -
1979 40.3% 11% - -
1978 41.3% 10.7% - -
1977 41.7% 8.22% - -
1976 39.8% 7.09% - -
1975 38.6% 6.76% - -
1974 22.9% 2.97% - -
1973 21.8% 4.42% - -
1972 20.4% 6.46% - -
1971 22.8% 7.94% - -
1970 21.9% 9.19% - -
1969 22.2% 10.8% - -
1968 25.5% 13.9% - -
1967 23.5% 14.2% - -
1966 23.3% 13.7% - -
1965 23.2% 13% - -
1964 22.8% 12.5% - -
1963 21.6% 12.2% - -
1962 23.9% 10.3% - -
1961 22.7% 9.12% - -
1960 22.5% 9.96% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, Finland's government spending was $172B, accounting for 57.7% of its GDP, while Sri Lanka spent $19.1B, or 19.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.1% in Finland and 100.8% in Sri Lanka, ranking 42/185 and 23/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Finland

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Finland Sri Lanka
2024 -4.41% -5.64%
2023 -2.98% -8.32%
2022 -0.18% -10.2%
2021 -2.69% -11.7%
2020 -5.53% -13.4%
2019 -0.93% -7.52%
2018 -0.87% -4.96%
2017 -0.63% -5.1%
2016 -1.7% -5%
2015 -2.43% -6.64%
2014 -2.99% -5.99%
2013 -2.52% -5%
2012 -2.15% -5.44%
2011 -1.01% -6.01%
2010 -2.57% -6.73%
2009 -2.48% -8.33%
2008 4.18% -5.93%
2007 5.12% -5.81%
2006 3.93% -5.91%
2005 2.59% -5.93%
2004 2.16% -6.32%
2003 2.34% -6.15%
2002 3.97% -6.9%
2001 4.89% -8.48%
2000 6.73% -7.78%
1999 1.6% -5.58%
1998 1.54% -6.79%
1997 -1.33% -5.71%
1996 -3.37% -6.89%
1995 -5.98% -7.11%
1994 -6.41% -7.41%
1993 -8.09% -5.77%
1992 -4.88% -4.95%
1991 0.3% -7.97%
1990 6.63% -6.39%
1989 6.73% -
1988 5.09% -
1987 1.63% -
1986 3.83% -
1985 3.33% -
1984 3.23% -
1983 1.52% -
1982 3.06% -
1981 5.11% -
1980 3.7% -
1979 3.41% -
1978 3.83% -
1977 6.27% -
1976 7.65% -
1975 4.96% -
1974 -0.03% -
1973 1.48% -
1972 -0.18% -
1971 0.15% -
1970 1.06% -
1969 0.94% -
1968 -1.69% -
1967 -0.26% -
1966 -1.08% -
1965 -1.67% -
1964 -1.35% -
1963 -2.5% -
1962 -2.37% -
1961 -3.03% -
1960 -0.52% -
1959 -0.12% -
1958 -1.73% -
1957 0.08% -
1956 -1.14% -
1955 -1% -
1954 -0.17% -
1953 0.02% -
1952 -1.24% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 -0.26% -
1949 -2.77% -
1948 1.88% -
1947 -5.99% -
1946 -15.3% -
1945 -6.35% -
1944 -21.5% -
1943 -14.2% -
1942 -16.4% -
1941 -35.8% -
1940 -36.9% -
1939 -9.76% -
1938 -1.48% -
1937 -4.44% -
1936 -3.75% -
1935 -3.81% -
1934 -2.81% -
1933 -1.63% -
1932 -2.61% -
1931 -2.32% -
1930 -1.94% -
1929 -0.78% -
1928 -2.07% -
1927 -0.32% -
1926 -2.9% -
1925 -2.92% -
1924 0.04% -
1923 -2.3% -
1922 0.62% -
1921 -2.59% -
1920 -2.6% -
1919 -7.49% -
1918 -11.4% -
1917 -1.27% -
1916 1.48% -
1915 -0.29% -
1914 -1.15% -
1913 -0.25% -
1912 0.33% -
1911 -0.14% -
1910 -0.3% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.92% -
1907 0.24% -
1906 0.86% -
1905 -1.28% -
1904 -1.63% -
1903 -0.3% -
1902 -1.74% -
1901 -2.13% -
1900 -0.52% -
1899 -1% -
1898 -4.55% -
1897 -0.37% -
1896 -0.56% -
1895 -1.21% -
1894 -0.62% -
1893 0% -
1892 0.82% -
1891 0.16% -
1890 0.17% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 -0.59% -
1887 -1.46% -
1886 0% -
1885 -1.2% -
1884 -0.2% -
1883 0% -
1882 0.2% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, Finland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.2B, equivalent to 4.41% of GDP. This compares to Sri Lanka's deficit of $5.58B, or 5.64% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Finland recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Sri Lanka ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Finland posted an annual deficit equal to 0.58% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.85% of GDP for Sri Lanka.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Finland

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Finland Sri Lanka
2024 1.57% -0.43%
2023 6.25% 16.5%
2022 7.12% 49.7%
2021 2.19% 7.01%
2020 0.29% 6.15%
2019 1.02% 3.53%
2018 1.08% 2.14%
2017 0.75% 7.7%
2016 0.36% 3.96%
2015 -0.21% 3.77%
2014 1.04% 3.18%
2013 1.48% 6.91%
2012 2.81% 7.54%
2011 3.42% 6.72%
2010 1.18% 6.22%
2009 -0% 3.46%
2008 4.07% 22.6%
2007 2.51% 15.8%
2006 1.57% 10%
2005 0.62% 11.6%
2004 0.19% 7.58%
2003 0.88% 6.31%
2002 1.57% 9.55%
2001 2.58% 14.2%
2000 3.04% 6.18%
1999 1.16% 4.69%
1998 1.4% 9.36%
1997 1.19% 9.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/sri-lanka | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Finland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.83%, compared with 9.34% in Sri Lanka. In 2024, inflation was 1.57% in Finland and -0.43% in Sri Lanka.

Top exports between countries

Finland
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $6.12M
Machinery & equipment $2.43M
Chemicals & pharma $1.08M
Textiles & consumer goods $297K
Animal & marine products $52K
Metals $48K
Raw agricultural goods $35K
Raw materials & minerals $13K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $2.97M
Raw materials & minerals $2.04M
Chemicals & pharma $1.37M
Machinery & equipment $1.34M
Raw agricultural goods $1.17M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $443K
Miscellaneous $4K
Wood & paper products $4K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Animal & marine products $2K

Balance of trade

Finland Sri Lanka
Current account balance
-$1.99B
2024
$1.21B
2024
Current account balance ranking
143/190
2024
53/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.67%
2024
+1.22%
2024
Goods imports
$76.6B
2024
$18.8B
2024
Goods exports
$83.1B
2024
$12.8B
2024
Service imports
$47.4B
2024
$3.48B
2024
Service exports
$42B
2024
$6.91B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.6%
2024
22.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.9%
2024
19.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Finland Sri Lanka
Economic freedom 76.6 50.3
Economic freedom ranking 15/197 162/197
Property rights 99.9 47.3
Government integrity 95.4 37.3
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 47.2
Tax burden 68.4 77
Government spending 7.9 89
Fiscal health 76.3 0
Business freedom 85.3 60.1
Labor freedom 65.4 54.3
Monetary freedom 80.3 65.9
Trade freedom 79.4 65.6
Investment freedom 85 30
Financial freedom 80 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Finland
Sri Lanka
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Finland Sri Lanka
2026 76.6 50.3
2025 77 49.4
2024 76.3 49.2
2023 77.1 52.2
2022 78.3 53.3
2021 76.1 55.7
2020 75.7 57.4
2019 74.9 56.4
2018 74.1 57.8
2017 74 57.4
2016 72.6 59.9
2015 73.4 58.6
2014 73.4 60
2013 74 60.7
2012 72.3 58.3
2011 74 57.1
2010 73.8 54.6
2009 74.5 56
2008 74.6 58.4
2007 74 59.4
2006 72.9 58.7
2005 71 61
2004 73.4 61.6
2003 73.7 62.5
2002 73.6 64
2001 69.7 66
2000 64.3 63.2
1999 63.9 64
1998 63.5 64.6
1997 65.2 65.5
1996 63.7 62.5
1995 - 60.6

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/sri-lanka | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Finland is 76.6, ranking 15/197, compared to 50.3 for Sri Lanka, ranking 162/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Finland Sri Lanka
Services, % of GDP
62.2%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
25.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.47%
2024
8.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$290B
2024
$84.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$65,640
2024
$15,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$18B
2024
$6.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
65/177
2024
92/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$3.28B
2024
-$651M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.74B
2024
$761M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$12B
2024
$110M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.98%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2022
14.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/sri-lanka | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.