Estonia is a high-income country with a population of 1.37M people. The capital and largest city is Tallinn, with 458K residents. Estonia shares land borders with Latvia and Russia.
Estonia ranks 100/197 by GDP ($43.1B) and 40/197 by GDP per capita ($31,428). The top category for both exports and imports is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1339590
|
155/197 |
| GDP |
$43.1B
2024 |
100/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$31,428
2024 |
40/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$49,969
2024 |
45/197 |
| Government debt |
$10.1B
2024 |
125/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
23.4%
2024 |
171/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$7,356
2024 |
65/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$23,740
2026 |
36/197 |
| Land area | 16,498 sq mi | 129/197 |
| Population density | 81.2 ppl/mi² | 154/197 |
| Fertility rate | 1.31 | 175/196 |
| Median age | 43.3 years | 25/196 |
| Life expectancy | 79.6 years | 48/197 |
Estonia trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $43,130,419,829 |
| 2023 | $41,470,344,395 |
| 2022 | $38,226,641,740 |
| 2021 | $37,201,101,171 |
| 2020 | $31,820,771,494 |
| 2019 | $31,873,748,770 |
| 2018 | $31,222,632,741 |
| 2017 | $27,469,461,919 |
| 2016 | $24,561,027,788 |
| 2015 | $23,311,847,751 |
| 2014 | $27,055,689,003 |
| 2013 | $25,451,032,781 |
| 2012 | $23,237,406,116 |
| 2011 | $23,303,915,795 |
| 2010 | $19,524,355,419 |
| 2009 | $19,633,984,440 |
| 2008 | $24,342,935,404 |
| 2007 | $22,450,264,166 |
| 2006 | $17,025,671,810 |
| 2005 | $14,109,491,357 |
| 2004 | $12,148,595,031 |
| 2003 | $9,876,595,528 |
| 2002 | $7,370,119,619 |
| 2001 | $6,250,218,423 |
| 2000 | $5,686,579,748 |
| 1999 | $5,756,912,266 |
| 1998 | $5,674,080,543 |
| 1997 | $5,154,420,649 |
| 1996 | $4,786,018,988 |
| 1995 | $4,502,970,889 |
| 1994 | $4,123,011,420 |
| 1993 | $4,013,091,682 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1993–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia | CC BY 
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $31,428 |
| 2023 | $30,264 |
| 2022 | $28,340 |
| 2021 | $27,951 |
| 2020 | $23,934 |
| 2019 | $24,021 |
| 2018 | $23,618 |
| 2017 | $20,852 |
| 2016 | $18,666 |
| 2015 | $17,722 |
| 2014 | $20,582 |
| 2013 | $19,310 |
| 2012 | $17,568 |
| 2011 | $17,556 |
| 2010 | $14,664 |
| 2009 | $14,712 |
| 2008 | $18,206 |
| 2007 | $16,745 |
| 2006 | $12,641 |
| 2005 | $10,415 |
| 2004 | $8,916 |
| 2003 | $7,205 |
| 2002 | $5,343 |
| 2001 | $4,503 |
| 2000 | $4,071 |
| 1999 | $4,141 |
| 1998 | $4,093 |
| 1997 | $3,683 |
| 1996 | $3,381 |
| 1995 | $3,134 |
| 1994 | $2,819 |
| 1993 | $2,686 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1993–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia | CC BY
Estonia's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 79.6 |
| 2025 | 79.5 |
| 2024 | 79.3 |
| 2023 | 79.2 |
| 2022 | 78.2 |
| 2021 | 77.4 |
| 2020 | 78.9 |
| 2019 | 78.8 |
| 2018 | 78.3 |
| 2017 | 78.2 |
| 2016 | 77.8 |
| 2015 | 77.7 |
| 2014 | 77.1 |
| 2013 | 77.3 |
| 2012 | 76.4 |
| 2011 | 76.3 |
| 2010 | 75.9 |
| 2009 | 75.2 |
| 2008 | 74.3 |
| 2007 | 73.2 |
| 2006 | 73.2 |
| 2005 | 73 |
| 2004 | 72.4 |
| 2003 | 71.9 |
| 2002 | 71.4 |
| 2001 | 70.8 |
| 2000 | 71 |
| 1999 | 70.7 |
| 1998 | 69.8 |
| 1997 | 70.2 |
| 1996 | 70 |
| 1995 | 67.8 |
| 1994 | 66.7 |
| 1993 | 68.2 |
| 1992 | 69.2 |
| 1991 | 69.8 |
| 1990 | 69.9 |
| 1989 | 70.5 |
| 1988 | 71 |
| 1987 | 70.9 |
| 1986 | 70.9 |
| 1985 | 69.8 |
| 1984 | 69.6 |
| 1983 | 69.8 |
| 1982 | 69.9 |
| 1981 | 69.3 |
| 1980 | 69.5 |
| 1979 | 69.4 |
| 1978 | 69.7 |
| 1977 | 69.8 |
| 1976 | 69.7 |
| 1975 | 70.1 |
| 1974 | 70.8 |
| 1973 | 70.7 |
| 1972 | 70.4 |
| 1971 | 70.6 |
| 1970 | 70.4 |
| 1969 | 70.3 |
| 1968 | 70.6 |
| 1967 | 71 |
| 1966 | 70.7 |
| 1965 | 70.7 |
| 1964 | 70.6 |
| 1963 | 69.9 |
| 1962 | 69.8 |
| 1961 | 69.6 |
| 1960 | 69.3 |
| 1959 | 68.7 |
| 1958 | 68.8 |
| 1957 | 68.8 |
| 1956 | 68.5 |
| 1955 | 68.2 |
| 1954 | 67.8 |
| 1953 | 67.5 |
| 1952 | 67.2 |
| 1951 | 66.8 |
| 1950 | 66.4 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia | CC BY
Estonia's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 1,372,341 |
| 2023 | 1,370,286 |
| 2022 | 1,348,840 |
| 2021 | 1,330,932 |
| 2020 | 1,329,522 |
| 2019 | 1,326,898 |
| 2018 | 1,321,977 |
| 2017 | 1,317,384 |
| 2016 | 1,315,790 |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 |
| 2014 | 1,314,545 |
| 2013 | 1,317,997 |
| 2012 | 1,322,696 |
| 2011 | 1,327,439 |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 |
| 2009 | 1,334,515 |
| 2008 | 1,337,090 |
| 2007 | 1,340,680 |
| 2006 | 1,346,810 |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 |
| 2004 | 1,362,550 |
| 2003 | 1,370,720 |
| 2002 | 1,379,350 |
| 2001 | 1,388,115 |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 |
| 1999 | 1,390,244 |
| 1998 | 1,386,156 |
| 1997 | 1,399,535 |
| 1996 | 1,415,594 |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 |
| 1994 | 1,462,514 |
| 1993 | 1,494,128 |
| 1992 | 1,533,091 |
| 1991 | 1,561,314 |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 |
| 1989 | 1,568,131 |
| 1988 | 1,561,900 |
| 1987 | 1,552,221 |
| 1986 | 1,540,190 |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 |
| 1984 | 1,518,617 |
| 1983 | 1,508,745 |
| 1982 | 1,498,414 |
| 1981 | 1,487,666 |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 |
| 1979 | 1,468,333 |
| 1978 | 1,460,188 |
| 1977 | 1,450,211 |
| 1976 | 1,439,576 |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 |
| 1974 | 1,418,169 |
| 1973 | 1,405,951 |
| 1972 | 1,392,518 |
| 1971 | 1,376,955 |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 |
| 1969 | 1,345,249 |
| 1968 | 1,331,214 |
| 1967 | 1,318,946 |
| 1966 | 1,308,597 |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 |
| 1964 | 1,277,086 |
| 1963 | 1,258,857 |
| 1962 | 1,241,623 |
| 1961 | 1,225,077 |
| 1960 | 1,211,537 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia | CC BY
Estonia's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 1.31 |
| 2022 | 1.41 |
| 2021 | 1.61 |
| 2020 | 1.58 |
| 2019 | 1.66 |
| 2018 | 1.67 |
| 2017 | 1.59 |
| 2016 | 1.6 |
| 2015 | 1.58 |
| 2014 | 1.54 |
| 2013 | 1.52 |
| 2012 | 1.56 |
| 2011 | 1.61 |
| 2010 | 1.72 |
| 2009 | 1.7 |
| 2008 | 1.72 |
| 2007 | 1.69 |
| 2006 | 1.58 |
| 2005 | 1.52 |
| 2004 | 1.47 |
| 2003 | 1.37 |
| 2002 | 1.36 |
| 2001 | 1.32 |
| 2000 | 1.36 |
| 1999 | 1.3 |
| 1998 | 1.28 |
| 1997 | 1.32 |
| 1996 | 1.37 |
| 1995 | 1.38 |
| 1994 | 1.42 |
| 1993 | 1.49 |
| 1992 | 1.71 |
| 1991 | 1.8 |
| 1990 | 2.05 |
| 1989 | 2.22 |
| 1988 | 2.27 |
| 1987 | 2.27 |
| 1986 | 2.18 |
| 1985 | 2.13 |
| 1984 | 2.17 |
| 1983 | 2.16 |
| 1982 | 2.07 |
| 1981 | 2.07 |
| 1980 | 2.02 |
| 1979 | 2 |
| 1978 | 2.02 |
| 1977 | 2.06 |
| 1976 | 2.07 |
| 1975 | 2.04 |
| 1974 | 2.07 |
| 1973 | 2.06 |
| 1972 | 2.13 |
| 1971 | 2.19 |
| 1970 | 2.17 |
| 1969 | 2.13 |
| 1968 | 2.03 |
| 1967 | 1.9 |
| 1966 | 1.87 |
| 1965 | 1.88 |
| 1964 | 1.94 |
| 1963 | 1.89 |
| 1962 | 1.95 |
| 1961 | 1.98 |
| 1960 | 1.98 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia | CC BY
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 43.3 |
| 2023 | 42.9 |
| 2022 | 42.7 |
| 2021 | 42.5 |
| 2020 | 42.4 |
| 2019 | 42.2 |
| 2018 | 42 |
| 2017 | 41.9 |
| 2016 | 41.7 |
| 2015 | 41.5 |
| 2014 | 41.4 |
| 2013 | 41.1 |
| 2012 | 40.9 |
| 2011 | 40.6 |
| 2010 | 40.3 |
| 2009 | 40 |
| 2008 | 39.8 |
| 2007 | 39.7 |
| 2006 | 39.6 |
| 2005 | 39.3 |
| 2004 | 39.1 |
| 2003 | 38.8 |
| 2002 | 38.5 |
| 2001 | 38.3 |
| 2000 | 38 |
| 1999 | 37.6 |
| 1998 | 37.3 |
| 1997 | 37 |
| 1996 | 36.7 |
| 1995 | 36.3 |
| 1994 | 36 |
| 1993 | 35.6 |
| 1992 | 35 |
| 1991 | 34.6 |
| 1990 | 34.3 |
| 1989 | 34.2 |
| 1988 | 34.1 |
| 1987 | 34 |
| 1986 | 34 |
| 1985 | 33.9 |
| 1984 | 33.9 |
| 1983 | 33.9 |
| 1982 | 33.8 |
| 1981 | 33.8 |
| 1980 | 33.9 |
| 1979 | 34 |
| 1978 | 34.2 |
| 1977 | 34.3 |
| 1976 | 34.3 |
| 1975 | 34.2 |
| 1974 | 34.2 |
| 1973 | 34.1 |
| 1972 | 33.9 |
| 1971 | 33.8 |
| 1970 | 33.7 |
| 1969 | 33.7 |
| 1968 | 33.6 |
| 1967 | 33.4 |
| 1966 | 33.2 |
| 1965 | 33 |
| 1964 | 32.8 |
| 1963 | 32.7 |
| 1962 | 32.5 |
| 1961 | 32.4 |
| 1960 | 32.2 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia | CC BY
Estonia vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Estonia with other countries.
Estonia: National Statistics
Finance
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$39.6B
2024 |
101/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
43.6%
2024 |
39/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
5.21%
2022 |
53/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
3.37%
2024 |
25/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
7,000
2020 |
142/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.51%
2024 |
63/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
7.5%
2024 |
59/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
65.7%
2024 |
44/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
20.1%
2024 |
128/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
78.7
2026 |
10/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.7%
2023 |
141/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.1%
2023 |
51/169 |
| Number of billionaires |
2
2025 |
54/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.0002%
2025 |
21/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
14
2003 |
94/103 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$2.07B
2024 |
125/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$496M
2024 |
119/191 |
| International tourist arrivals |
1,695,000
2020 |
70/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
3.98%
2020 |
102/184 |
| Banked people share |
98.9%
2024 |
8/158 |
Energy
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
3,089 kg
2023 |
31/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$15.7
2023 |
73/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
10.6 megatons
2024 |
106/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
7.76 tons
2024 |
27/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
60.9%
2023 |
93/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
38%
2021 |
64/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
2.9%
2023 |
96/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
3.77%
2023 |
98/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
5,722 kWh
2023 |
34/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
40%
2021 |
75/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.42%
2023 |
139/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
81/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
33/195 |
Society
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2024 |
153/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-13,350
2025 |
141/196 |
| Urban population |
70.7%
2024 |
72/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
47.5:52.5
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
6 ft
2025 |
3/190 |
| Average female height |
5.53 ft
2025 |
6/190 |
| Quality of life index |
83.6
2026 |
29/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
76
2025 |
18/197 |
| Higher education index |
81
2026 |
36/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.54
2023 |
130/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
4.5
2019 |
170/197 |
| Visa free countries |
171
2025 |
23/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2021 |
16/196 |
| English speaking |
50.2%
2023 |
64/197 |
| People using the Internet |
92.2%
2024 |
40/195 |
Health
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$2,438
2024 |
34/192 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$521
2024 |
37/192 |
| Life expectancy |
79.6 years
2026 |
48/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.009%
2023 |
145/181 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.47
2022 |
47/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
28.7 years
2023 |
35/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
5
2023 |
167/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
2.1
2023 |
190/192 |
| Obesity rate |
22.8%
2022 |
93/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
6.9%
2024 |
135/195 |
| Air quality index |
95
2026 |
12/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
28.3%
2022 |
37/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
10.7 liters
2020 |
19/186 |
Territory
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.03%
2026 |
129/197 |
| Land area per capita |
12,022 sq mi
2024 |
46/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
3,815 sq mi
2026 |
140/194 |
| Forest area |
9,415 sq mi
2026 |
99/196 |
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- Wikidata (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
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