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Economy of Fiji vs Finland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Fiji has a GDP of $5.97B compared to $299B for Finland, ranking 161/197 and 47/197 by economy size, respectively.

Fiji has $4.54B in government debt (76.2% of GDP), compared to $245B (82.1% of GDP) in Finland.

Fiji vs Finland GDP by year

Fiji
Finland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Fiji Finland
2024 $5,968,125,909 $298,696,961,298
2023 $5,476,673,518 $295,021,982,463
2022 $4,977,861,886 $280,253,099,309
2021 $4,158,873,156 $294,223,210,496
2020 $4,227,719,873 $270,000,311,606
2019 $5,344,907,153 $267,014,821,129
2018 $5,581,425,327 $273,869,255,596
2017 $5,353,469,174 $253,846,138,440
2016 $4,930,213,644 $238,777,818,793
2015 $4,682,479,894 $233,210,733,506
2014 $4,857,104,769 $273,478,528,955
2013 $4,189,967,999 $270,268,036,626
2012 $3,972,028,104 $257,443,384,493
2011 $3,779,411,899 $275,126,915,516
2010 $3,140,166,713 $249,429,613,683
2009 $2,870,624,636 $253,480,783,439
2008 $3,523,185,920 $285,698,662,071
2007 $3,378,314,600 $256,360,251,538
2006 $3,076,305,453 $217,044,068,234
2005 $2,980,403,845 $204,859,368,791
2004 $2,708,078,477 $197,458,297,640
2003 $2,300,492,465 $171,612,867,736
2002 $1,833,279,985 $140,360,963,812
2001 $1,652,462,023 $129,519,672,869
2000 $1,678,219,508 $125,967,821,111
1999 $1,936,459,986 $135,234,241,918
1998 $1,653,146,717 $133,990,876,725
1997 $2,090,221,137 $126,862,902,302
1996 $2,128,696,644 $131,991,975,149
1995 $1,970,301,486 $134,060,457,516
1994 $1,825,732,093 $103,182,697,780
1993 $1,636,101,247 $89,112,105,756
1992 $1,532,411,039 $112,537,828,511
1991 $1,383,883,250 $127,794,441,994
1990 $1,337,017,559 $141,446,120,355
1989 $1,182,660,266 $118,991,270,611
1988 $1,110,009,523 $109,039,090,263
1987 $1,177,947,965 $91,564,993,913
1986 $1,290,267,340 $73,511,611,541
1985 $1,141,168,944 $55,856,676,899
1984 $1,178,000,678 $52,870,993,273
1983 $1,123,085,190 $50,956,447,481
1982 $1,194,059,943 $52,784,013,815
1981 $1,235,626,771 $52,440,066,134
1980 $1,202,618,816 $53,649,984,061
1979 $1,019,691,460 $44,469,218,440
1978 $829,267,889 $36,259,392,058
1977 $719,501,766 $33,502,784,418
1976 $694,540,806 $31,852,352,670
1975 $684,282,434 $29,475,251,333
1974 $558,587,097 $24,851,036,710
1973 $425,950,488 $19,474,098,335
1972 $316,656,649 $14,744,499,570
1971 $247,749,328 $12,528,522,307
1970 $219,878,482 $11,358,529,162
1969 $182,182,068 $10,177,524,839
1968 $166,952,937 $8,916,565,041
1967 $162,625,886 $9,468,272,357
1966 $150,603,926 $9,306,142,172
1965 $147,084,750 $8,680,393,839
1964 $140,032,741 $7,848,987,793
1963 $129,454,729 $6,958,916,548
1962 $122,906,435 $6,407,796,043
1961 $116,987,785 $5,984,433,774
1960 $112,328,422 $5,279,481,824

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/finland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Fiji vs Finland by year

Fiji
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Fiji Finland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,426 $15,450 $53,150 $65,378
2023 $5,926 $14,644 $52,834 $63,415
2022 $5,414 $12,982 $50,441 $62,133
2021 $4,537 $10,322 $53,099 $56,790
2020 $4,621 $10,716 $48,829 $53,297
2019 $5,842 $12,978 $48,358 $52,276
2018 $6,085 $12,984 $49,654 $49,249
2017 $5,827 $12,585 $46,085 $47,235
2016 $5,364 $11,766 $43,451 $44,562
2015 $5,098 $11,519 $42,560 $42,258
2014 $5,293 $10,516 $50,074 $41,547
2013 $4,572 $8,842 $49,691 $41,326
2012 $4,341 $8,204 $47,552 $40,739
2011 $4,140 $7,672 $51,060 $40,846
2010 $3,449 $7,339 $46,506 $38,946
2009 $3,164 $7,068 $47,478 $37,988
2008 $3,900 $7,154 $53,769 $40,081
2007 $3,763 $6,990 $48,473 $37,843
2006 $3,455 $6,921 $41,214 $34,440
2005 $3,378 $6,652 $39,050 $32,048
2004 $3,097 $6,463 $37,768 $31,195
2003 $2,656 $6,033 $32,920 $29,043
2002 $2,137 $5,914 $26,989 $28,596
2001 $1,945 $5,699 $24,965 $27,798
2000 $1,996 $5,521 $24,336 $26,783
1999 $2,328 $5,552 $26,180 $24,762
1998 $2,010 $5,090 $26,000 $23,570
1997 $2,574 $5,031 $24,682 $21,787
1996 $2,648 $5,109 $25,757 $20,067
1995 $2,467 $4,818 $26,246 $19,568
1994 $2,297 $4,627 $20,278 $18,458
1993 $2,070 $4,334 $17,589 $17,458
1992 $1,951 $4,172 $22,320 $17,271
1991 $1,775 $3,873 $25,489 $17,563
1990 $1,729 $3,882 $28,366 $18,149
1989 $1,543 - $23,969 -
1988 $1,463 - $22,044 -
1987 $1,569 - $18,565 -
1986 $1,745 - $14,947 -
1985 $1,577 - $11,394 -
1984 $1,667 - $10,830 -
1983 $1,628 - $10,494 -
1982 $1,773 - $10,935 -
1981 $1,879 - $10,925 -
1980 $1,873 - $11,225 -
1979 $1,627 - $9,333 -
1978 $1,355 - $7,629 -
1977 $1,204 - $7,070 -
1976 $1,186 - $6,740 -
1975 $1,188 - $6,256 -
1974 $984 - $5,298 -
1973 $762 - $4,174 -
1972 $575 - $3,178 -
1971 $458 - $2,716 -
1970 $414 - $2,466 -
1969 $350 - $2,201 -
1968 $327 - $1,927 -
1967 $326 - $2,056 -
1966 $310 - $2,032 -
1965 $311 - $1,902 -
1964 $306 - $1,726 -
1963 $291.4 - $1,538 -
1962 $285.5 - $1,427 -
1961 $280.3 - $1,341 -
1960 $277.4 - $1,192 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/finland | CC BY

Fiji's GDP per capita is $6,426, ranking 108/197, compared to $53,150 in Finland, ranking 23/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Fiji ranks 113th at $15,450, while Finland ranks 27th at $65,378.

Economic indicators

Fiji Finland
Gross domestic product
$5.97B
2024
$299B
2024
GDP rank
161/197
2024
47/197
2024
GDP growth
3.53%
2023-2024
0.42%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,426
2024
$53,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
108/197
2024
23/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,450
2024
$65,378
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
113/197
2024
27/197
2024
Government debt
$4.54B
2024
$245B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
76.2%
2024
82.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,893
2024
$43,662
2024
Government debt per person rank
80/185
2024
12/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,964
2026
$36,394
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$20.3B
2004
Number of billionaires n/a
7
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.2%
2019
22.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2019
3.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.7%
2024
57.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.51%
2023-2024
1.57%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0.25%
2020
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.36%
2024
8.34%
2024
Population
938628
5631965

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Fiji
Spending

Debt
Finland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Fiji Finland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 29.7% 76.2% 57.7% 82.1%
2023 28.8% 79.1% 55.9% 77.5%
2022 30.9% 83.3% 52.6% 74%
2021 36.7% 89% 55.2% 73.2%
2020 36.2% 72.9% 56.5% 75.3%
2019 30.8% 49.7% 52.6% 65.3%
2018 31.8% 44.8% 52.7% 65.3%
2017 27.3% 42.2% 52.8% 66.6%
2016 31.4% 43.6% 55.1% 68.6%
2015 29.8% 43% 55.7% 68.8%
2014 29.1% 44.5% 57.6% 64.8%
2013 25.1% 45.8% 57.1% 60.8%
2012 25.5% 47.7% 55.7% 57.9%
2011 25.3% 48.6% 53.8% 52%
2010 24.8% 51.8% 54% 50.1%
2009 26.2% 51.5% 54.1% 41.5%
2008 22.6% 47.5% 47.9% 32.6%
2007 23.3% 46% 46.7% 33.9%
2006 24.8% 49.2% 48.3% 38%
2005 23.3% 44% 49.2% 39.9%
2004 24% 44.5% 48.2% 42.6%
2003 25.8% 44.9% 48.3% 42.7%
2002 27.4% 43.4% 47.5% 40.1%
2001 26.4% 41% 46.2% 40.9%
2000 24.8% 36.9% 46.9% 42.4%
1999 23.2% 32.7% 49.9% 44%
1998 26.8% 36.6% 51.3% 46.8%
1997 29.1% 54.1% 54.9% 52.2%
1996 26.4% 48.8% 58.5% 55.4%
1995 23.2% 48.4% 60% 55.2%
1994 24.3% 47.6% 62.2% 56.2%
1993 25.7% 44.3% 63.7% 54.2%
1992 25.8% 42.2% 60.8% 39.3%
1991 - - 55.8% 21.9%
1990 - - 47.1% 13.9%
1989 - - 44.4% 14.3%
1988 - - 46.4% 16.5%
1987 - - 47.8% 17.6%
1986 - - 46.9% 16.4%
1985 - - 46.3% 15.8%
1984 - - 44.4% 15.2%
1983 - - 44.4% 15.4%
1982 - - 42.7% 13.9%
1981 - - 41% 11.5%
1980 - - 40.1% 10.9%
1979 - - 40.3% 11%
1978 - - 41.3% 10.7%
1977 - - 41.7% 8.22%
1976 - - 39.8% 7.09%
1975 - - 38.6% 6.76%
1974 - - 22.9% 2.97%
1973 - - 21.8% 4.42%
1972 - - 20.4% 6.46%
1971 - - 22.8% 7.94%
1970 - - 21.9% 9.19%
1969 - - 22.2% 10.8%
1968 - - 25.5% 13.9%
1967 - - 23.5% 14.2%
1966 - - 23.3% 13.7%
1965 - - 23.2% 13%
1964 - - 22.8% 12.5%
1963 - - 21.6% 12.2%
1962 - - 23.9% 10.3%
1961 - - 22.7% 9.12%
1960 - - 22.5% 9.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/finland | CC BY

In 2024, Fiji's government spending was $1.77B, accounting for 29.7% of its GDP, while Finland spent $172B, or 57.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 76.2% in Fiji and 82.1% in Finland, ranking 47/185 and 42/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Fiji

Finland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Fiji Finland
2024 -3.36% -4.41%
2023 -6.82% -2.98%
2022 -11.2% -0.18%
2021 -14.6% -2.69%
2020 -9.24% -5.53%
2019 -3.67% -0.93%
2018 -4.72% -0.87%
2017 -2.22% -0.63%
2016 -5.58% -1.7%
2015 -3.8% -2.43%
2014 -3.36% -2.99%
2013 -0.08% -2.52%
2012 -0.67% -2.15%
2011 -0.69% -1.01%
2010 -1.26% -2.57%
2009 -2.76% -2.48%
2008 1.54% 4.18%
2007 0.35% 5.12%
2006 -0.74% 3.93%
2005 -1.14% 2.59%
2004 -0.95% 2.16%
2003 -3.34% 2.34%
2002 -3.58% 3.97%
2001 -4.4% 4.89%
2000 -1.37% 6.73%
1999 1.1% 1.6%
1998 5.21% 1.54%
1997 -4.48% -1.33%
1996 -3.35% -3.37%
1995 0.77% -5.98%
1994 -0.19% -6.41%
1993 -1.83% -8.09%
1992 -2.14% -4.88%
1991 - 0.3%
1990 - 6.63%
1989 - 6.73%
1988 - 5.09%
1987 - 1.63%
1986 - 3.83%
1985 - 3.33%
1984 - 3.23%
1983 - 1.52%
1982 - 3.06%
1981 - 5.11%
1980 - 3.7%
1979 - 3.41%
1978 - 3.83%
1977 - 6.27%
1976 - 7.65%
1975 - 4.96%
1974 - -0.03%
1973 - 1.48%
1972 - -0.18%
1971 - 0.15%
1970 - 1.06%
1969 - 0.94%
1968 - -1.69%
1967 - -0.26%
1966 - -1.08%
1965 - -1.67%
1964 - -1.35%
1963 - -2.5%
1962 - -2.37%
1961 - -3.03%
1960 - -0.52%
1959 - -0.12%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - 0.08%
1956 - -1.14%
1955 - -1%
1954 - -0.17%
1953 - 0.02%
1952 - -1.24%
1951 - 1.1%
1950 - -0.26%
1949 - -2.77%
1948 - 1.88%
1947 - -5.99%
1946 - -15.3%
1945 - -6.35%
1944 - -21.5%
1943 - -14.2%
1942 - -16.4%
1941 - -35.8%
1940 - -36.9%
1939 - -9.76%
1938 - -1.48%
1937 - -4.44%
1936 - -3.75%
1935 - -3.81%
1934 - -2.81%
1933 - -1.63%
1932 - -2.61%
1931 - -2.32%
1930 - -1.94%
1929 - -0.78%
1928 - -2.07%
1927 - -0.32%
1926 - -2.9%
1925 - -2.92%
1924 - 0.04%
1923 - -2.3%
1922 - 0.62%
1921 - -2.59%
1920 - -2.6%
1919 - -7.49%
1918 - -11.4%
1917 - -1.27%
1916 - 1.48%
1915 - -0.29%
1914 - -1.15%
1913 - -0.25%
1912 - 0.33%
1911 - -0.14%
1910 - -0.3%
1909 - -2.64%
1908 - -1.92%
1907 - 0.24%
1906 - 0.86%
1905 - -1.28%
1904 - -1.63%
1903 - -0.3%
1902 - -1.74%
1901 - -2.13%
1900 - -0.52%
1899 - -1%
1898 - -4.55%
1897 - -0.37%
1896 - -0.56%
1895 - -1.21%
1894 - -0.62%
1893 - 0%
1892 - 0.82%
1891 - 0.16%
1890 - 0.17%
1889 - 0.18%
1888 - -0.59%
1887 - -1.46%
1886 - 0%
1885 - -1.2%
1884 - -0.2%
1883 - 0%
1882 - 0.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/finland | CC BY

In 2024, Fiji's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $201M, equivalent to 3.36% of GDP. This compares to Finland's deficit of $13.2B, or 4.41% of GDP.

Over the past 33 years, Fiji recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Finland ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Fiji posted an annual deficit equal to 2.81% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.82% of GDP for Finland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Fiji

Finland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Fiji Finland
2024 4.51% 1.57%
2023 2.34% 6.25%
2022 4.32% 7.12%
2021 0.16% 2.19%
2020 -2.6% 0.29%
2019 1.77% 1.02%
2018 4.08% 1.08%
2017 3.35% 0.75%
2016 3.86% 0.36%
2015 1.37% -0.21%
2014 0.52% 1.04%
2013 2.91% 1.48%
2012 3.42% 2.81%
2011 7.28% 3.42%
2010 3.69% 1.18%
2009 3.13% -0%
2008 7.73% 4.07%
2007 4.8% 2.51%
2006 2.49% 1.57%
2005 2.37% 0.62%
2004 2.83% 0.19%
2003 4.17% 0.88%
2002 0.76% 1.57%
2001 4.27% 2.58%
2000 1.09% 3.04%
1999 1.97% 1.16%
1998 5.71% 1.4%
1997 3.37% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/finland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Fiji has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.06%, compared with 1.83% in Finland. In 2024, inflation was 4.51% in Fiji and 1.57% in Finland.

Top exports between countries

Fiji
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $106K
Raw agricultural goods $21K
Miscellaneous $4K
Finland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $752K
Raw agricultural goods $12K
Textiles & consumer goods $10K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Metals $1K
Raw materials & minerals $1K

Balance of trade

Fiji Finland
Current account balance
-$866M
2022
-$1.99B
2024
Current account balance ranking
120/190
2022
143/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-17.4%
2022
-0.67%
2024
Goods imports
$2.68B
2022
$76.6B
2024
Goods exports
$1.05B
2022
$83.1B
2024
Service imports
$754M
2022
$47.4B
2024
Service exports
$1.33B
2022
$42B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.2%
2023
41.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
57%
2023
41.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Fiji Finland
Economic freedom 59.5 76.6
Economic freedom ranking 103/197 15/197
Property rights 59.9 99.9
Government integrity 55.4 95.4
Judicial effectiveness 53.2 96.4
Tax burden 87.8 68.4
Government spending 70 7.9
Fiscal health 7.5 76.3
Business freedom 69.5 85.3
Labor freedom 66.9 65.4
Monetary freedom 72.4 80.3
Trade freedom 66.6 79.4
Investment freedom 55 85
Financial freedom 50 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Fiji
Finland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Fiji Finland
2026 59.5 76.6
2025 59.1 77
2024 58 76.3
2023 58 77.1
2022 56.4 78.3
2021 62.2 76.1
2020 63.4 75.7
2019 62.2 74.9
2018 62 74.1
2017 63.4 74
2016 58.8 72.6
2015 59 73.4
2014 58.7 73.4
2013 57.2 74
2012 57.3 72.3
2011 60.4 74
2010 60.3 73.8
2009 61 74.5
2008 61.8 74.6
2007 60.8 74
2006 58.4 72.9
2005 58.2 71
2004 58 73.4
2003 54.7 73.7
2002 53.9 73.6
2001 53.7 69.7
2000 57.8 64.3
1999 58.4 63.9
1998 58.2 63.5
1997 58 65.2
1996 57.4 63.7
1995 54.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/finland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Fiji is 59.5, ranking 103/197, compared to 76.6 for Finland, ranking 15/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Fiji Finland
Services, % of GDP
54.6%
2024
62.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
16.5%
2024
22.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
13.2%
2024
2.47%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$5.4B
2024
$290B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,490
2024
$65,640
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.6B
2024
$18B
2024
Total reserves ranking
133/177
2024
65/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$86.9M
2022
$3.28B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$204M
2024
$8.74B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.6M
2024
$12B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.36%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31%
2020
12.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.7%
2023
22.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/finland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.