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Economy of Fiji vs Italy compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Fiji has a GDP of $5.97B compared to $2.38T for Italy, ranking 161/197 and 8/197 by economy size, respectively.

Fiji has $4.54B in government debt (76.2% of GDP), compared to $3.22T (135.3% of GDP) in Italy.

Fiji vs Italy GDP by year

Fiji
Italy
1x
Year GDP, current $
Fiji Italy
2024 $5,968,125,909 $2,380,825,077,244
2023 $5,476,673,518 $2,316,727,999,333
2022 $4,977,861,886 $2,104,067,630,319
2021 $4,158,873,156 $2,179,207,773,596
2020 $4,227,719,873 $1,907,481,094,079
2019 $5,344,907,153 $2,019,606,796,584
2018 $5,581,425,327 $2,099,435,266,459
2017 $5,353,469,174 $1,970,720,904,585
2016 $4,930,213,644 $1,887,111,188,177
2015 $4,682,479,894 $1,845,428,048,839
2014 $4,857,104,769 $2,173,255,507,986
2013 $4,189,967,999 $2,153,225,581,941
2012 $3,972,028,104 $2,097,929,495,122
2011 $3,779,411,899 $2,306,974,020,278
2010 $3,140,166,713 $2,144,936,254,535
2009 $2,870,624,636 $2,209,484,319,013
2008 $3,523,185,920 $2,417,508,414,187
2007 $3,378,314,600 $2,222,524,108,128
2006 $3,076,305,453 $1,958,563,654,386
2005 $2,980,403,845 $1,864,982,261,287
2004 $2,708,078,477 $1,812,808,753,295
2003 $2,300,492,465 $1,582,930,016,539
2002 $1,833,279,985 $1,281,746,271,196
2001 $1,652,462,023 $1,172,041,488,806
2000 $1,678,219,508 $1,149,661,363,439
1999 $1,936,459,986 $1,255,004,736,464
1998 $1,653,146,717 $1,272,729,786,997
1997 $2,090,221,137 $1,244,988,176,444
1996 $2,128,696,644 $1,314,776,508,972
1995 $1,970,301,486 $1,177,369,428,266
1994 $1,825,732,093 $1,101,750,159,702
1993 $1,636,101,247 $1,067,412,587,671
1992 $1,532,411,039 $1,323,204,350,354
1991 $1,383,883,250 $1,249,092,439,519
1990 $1,337,017,559 $1,183,945,130,899
1989 $1,182,660,266 $930,801,709,004
1988 $1,110,009,523 $893,663,934,841
1987 $1,177,947,965 $807,570,134,449
1986 $1,290,267,340 $641,862,313,287
1985 $1,141,168,944 $453,259,761,687
1984 $1,178,000,678 $438,896,930,791
1983 $1,123,085,190 $444,063,496,940
1982 $1,194,059,943 $428,257,421,618
1981 $1,235,626,771 $431,695,533,981
1980 $1,202,618,816 $478,356,755,596
1979 $1,019,691,460 $394,584,507,108
1978 $829,267,889 $315,784,469,541
1977 $719,501,766 $258,190,019,750
1976 $694,540,806 $225,235,205,862
1975 $684,282,434 $228,220,643,535
1974 $558,587,097 $200,024,444,775
1973 $425,950,488 $175,896,529,392
1972 $316,656,649 $145,594,833,997
1971 $247,749,328 $124,959,712,859
1970 $219,878,482 $113,656,669,765
1969 $182,182,068 $100,996,667,239
1968 $166,952,937 $91,485,448,148
1967 $162,625,886 $84,401,995,573
1966 $150,603,926 $76,622,444,787
1965 $147,084,750 $70,717,012,186
1964 $140,032,741 $65,720,771,779
1963 $129,454,729 $60,035,924,618
1962 $122,906,435 $52,413,872,628
1961 $116,987,785 $46,649,487,320
1960 $112,328,422 $42,012,422,612

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/italy | CC BY

GDP per capita in Fiji vs Italy by year

Fiji
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Fiji Italy
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,426 $15,450 $40,385 $62,014
2023 $5,926 $14,644 $39,277 $60,030
2022 $5,414 $12,982 $35,654 $57,261
2021 $4,537 $10,322 $36,853 $49,825
2020 $4,621 $10,716 $32,091 $44,436
2019 $5,842 $12,978 $33,813 $46,662
2018 $6,085 $12,984 $34,904 $43,387
2017 $5,827 $12,585 $32,844 $42,142
2016 $5,364 $11,766 $31,392 $40,483
2015 $5,098 $11,519 $30,640 $37,384
2014 $5,293 $10,516 $36,028 $36,666
2013 $4,572 $8,842 $35,702 $36,459
2012 $4,341 $8,204 $34,854 $36,281
2011 $4,140 $7,672 $38,432 $36,392
2010 $3,449 $7,339 $35,857 $34,974
2009 $3,164 $7,068 $37,100 $34,502
2008 $3,900 $7,154 $40,829 $35,422
2007 $3,763 $6,990 $37,826 $34,108
2006 $3,455 $6,921 $33,537 $32,454
2005 $3,378 $6,652 $32,063 $30,138
2004 $3,097 $6,463 $31,348 $29,581
2003 $2,656 $6,033 $27,578 $29,249
2002 $2,137 $5,914 $22,451 $28,833
2001 $1,945 $5,699 $20,570 $28,134
2000 $1,996 $5,521 $20,190 $27,152
1999 $2,328 $5,552 $22,050 $25,655
1998 $2,010 $5,090 $22,365 $25,075
1997 $2,574 $5,031 $21,884 $23,937
1996 $2,648 $5,109 $23,123 $23,101
1995 $2,467 $4,818 $20,712 $22,446
1994 $2,297 $4,627 $19,382 $21,369
1993 $2,070 $4,334 $18,782 $20,485
1992 $1,951 $4,172 $23,297 $20,196
1991 $1,775 $3,873 $22,007 $19,596
1990 $1,729 $3,882 $20,874 $18,680
1989 $1,543 - $16,424 -
1988 $1,463 - $15,781 -
1987 $1,569 - $14,268 -
1986 $1,745 - $11,341 -
1985 $1,577 - $8,009 -
1984 $1,667 - $7,758 -
1983 $1,628 - $7,851 -
1982 $1,773 - $7,574 -
1981 $1,879 - $7,640 -
1980 $1,873 - $8,476 -
1979 $1,627 - $7,006 -
1978 $1,355 - $5,623 -
1977 $1,204 - $4,614 -
1976 $1,186 - $4,042 -
1975 $1,188 - $4,116 -
1974 $984 - $3,629 -
1973 $762 - $3,213 -
1972 $575 - $2,677 -
1971 $458 - $2,311 -
1970 $414 - $2,112 -
1969 $350 - $1,886 -
1968 $327 - $1,718 -
1967 $326 - $1,595 -
1966 $310 - $1,459 -
1965 $311 - $1,357 -
1964 $306 - $1,272 -
1963 $291.4 - $1,171 -
1962 $285.5 - $1,030 -
1961 $280.3 - $923 -
1960 $277.4 - $837 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/italy | CC BY

Fiji's GDP per capita is $6,426, ranking 108/197, compared to $40,385 in Italy, ranking 29/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Fiji ranks 113th at $15,450, while Italy ranks 31st at $62,014.

Economic indicators

Fiji Italy
Gross domestic product
$5.97B
2024
$2.38T
2024
GDP rank
161/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP growth
3.53%
2023-2024
0.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,426
2024
$40,385
2024
GDP per capita rank
108/197
2024
29/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,450
2024
$62,014
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
113/197
2024
31/197
2024
Government debt
$4.54B
2024
$3.22T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
76.2%
2024
135.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,893
2024
$54,652
2024
Government debt per person rank
80/185
2024
6/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,964
2026
$23,800
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$587B
2014
Number of millionaires n/a
1,344,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
74
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.2%
2019
25.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2019
2.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.7%
2024
50.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.51%
2023-2024
0.98%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0.25%
2020
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.36%
2024
6.5%
2024
Population
938628
58562681

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Fiji
Spending

Debt
Italy
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Fiji Italy
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 29.7% 76.2% 50.6% 135.3%
2023 28.8% 79.1% 54% 134.6%
2022 30.9% 83.3% 54.9% 138.3%
2021 36.7% 89% 56% 145.8%
2020 36.2% 72.9% 56.8% 154.4%
2019 30.8% 49.7% 48.4% 133.9%
2018 31.8% 44.8% 48.3% 134.2%
2017 27.3% 42.2% 48.8% 133.7%
2016 31.4% 43.6% 49% 134.2%
2015 29.8% 43% 50.2% 134.8%
2014 29.1% 44.5% 50.7% 134.8%
2013 25.1% 45.8% 50.9% 131.9%
2012 25.5% 47.7% 50.5% 125.9%
2011 25.3% 48.6% 49% 119.1%
2010 24.8% 51.8% 49.8% 118.8%
2009 26.2% 51.5% 51.1% 116.1%
2008 22.6% 47.5% 47.8% 105.8%
2007 23.3% 46% 46.6% 103.5%
2006 24.8% 49.2% 47.6% 106.3%
2005 23.3% 44% 47.1% 106.2%
2004 24% 44.5% 46.7% 104.7%
2003 25.8% 44.9% 47% 105.1%
2002 27.4% 43.4% 46.5% 105.9%
2001 26.4% 41% 47.1% 108.5%
2000 24.8% 36.9% 46.4% 108.7%
1999 23.2% 32.7% 47.1% 113.1%
1998 26.8% 36.6% 48% 113.9%
1997 29.1% 54.1% 49.3% 116.5%
1996 26.4% 48.8% 51.3% 118.9%
1995 23.2% 48.4% 51.4% 119.1%
1994 24.3% 47.6% 55.1% 130.8%
1993 25.7% 44.3% 57.8% 124.1%
1992 25.8% 42.2% 56.8% 113%
1991 - - 55.3% 105.3%
1990 - - 54.2% 101.7%
1989 - - 51.6% 91.8%
1988 - - 50.4% 89.2%
1987 - - 49.8% 87.4%
1986 - - 50.5% 83.4%
1985 - - 49.8% 79.1%
1984 - - 49.1% 73.1%
1983 - - 48.9% 67.8%
1982 - - 46.7% 61.8%
1981 - - 44.6% 57.3%
1980 - - 40.8% 55.1%
1979 - - 40.1% 58.9%
1978 - - 40.9% 59.9%
1977 - - 38.5% 56%
1976 - - 38.1% 57.3%
1975 - - 39.1% 57.9%
1974 - - 34.8% 50.8%
1973 - - 35.3% 51.1%
1972 - - 36.4% 48.2%
1971 - - 34.4% 42.4%
1970 - - 32.3% 37.8%
1969 - - 32.1% 37%
1968 - - 32.6% 36.4%
1967 - - 17.9% 33.3%
1966 - - 19.1% 33.4%
1965 - - 18.6% 28.4%
1964 - - 18.2% 27.2%
1963 - - 16.7% 27.2%
1962 - - 17.5% 29%
1961 - - 17.3% 30%
1960 - - 16.5% 31.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/italy | CC BY

In 2024, Fiji's government spending was $1.77B, accounting for 29.7% of its GDP, while Italy spent $1.2T, or 50.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 76.2% in Fiji and 135.3% in Italy, ranking 47/185 and 8/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Fiji

Italy
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Fiji Italy
2024 -3.36% -3.45%
2023 -6.82% -7.24%
2022 -11.2% -8.11%
2021 -14.6% -8.88%
2020 -9.24% -9.38%
2019 -3.67% -1.45%
2018 -4.72% -2.19%
2017 -2.22% -2.51%
2016 -5.58% -2.4%
2015 -3.8% -2.46%
2014 -3.36% -2.82%
2013 -0.08% -2.87%
2012 -0.67% -2.99%
2011 -0.69% -3.52%
2010 -1.26% -4.16%
2009 -2.76% -5.06%
2008 1.54% -2.58%
2007 0.35% -1.33%
2006 -0.74% -3.61%
2005 -1.14% -4.1%
2004 -0.95% -3.46%
2003 -3.34% -3.23%
2002 -3.58% -2.88%
2001 -4.4% -3.18%
2000 -1.37% -2.42%
1999 1.1% -1.77%
1998 5.21% -2.99%
1997 -4.48% -2.98%
1996 -3.35% -6.61%
1995 0.77% -7.2%
1994 -0.19% -8.84%
1993 -1.83% -9.76%
1992 -2.14% -10.1%
1991 - -11.1%
1990 - -11.1%
1989 - -11.4%
1988 - -11%
1987 - -11.5%
1986 - -12%
1985 - -12.4%
1984 - -11.5%
1983 - -10.1%
1982 - -10%
1981 - -10.9%
1980 - -6.97%
1979 - -8.23%
1978 - -8.47%
1977 - -6.96%
1976 - -7.88%
1975 - -10.3%
1974 - -6.24%
1973 - -6.36%
1972 - -6.84%
1971 - -4.71%
1970 - -3.22%
1969 - -2.85%
1968 - -2.55%
1967 - -0.97%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.67%
1964 - -2.35%
1963 - -0.3%
1962 - -0.95%
1961 - -0.57%
1960 - -0.28%
1959 - -1%
1958 - -0.98%
1957 - -1.09%
1956 - -1.46%
1955 - -2.03%
1954 - -1.84%
1953 - -2.33%
1952 - -4.08%
1951 - -3.86%
1950 - -2.42%
1949 - -2.82%
1948 - -4.58%
1947 - -6.62%
1946 - -9.82%
1945 - -16.9%
1944 - -35.1%
1943 - -16.1%
1942 - -26.9%
1941 - -25.1%
1940 - -24.3%
1939 - -9.49%
1938 - -5.97%
1937 - -5.78%
1936 - -7.93%
1935 - -9.83%
1934 - -2.5%
1933 - -4.85%
1932 - -3.06%
1931 - -2.14%
1930 - -0.55%
1929 - -0.59%
1928 - -2.09%
1927 - -1.71%
1926 - -0.09%
1925 - 1.7%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - -3.21%
1922 - -11%
1921 - -7.77%
1920 - -5.89%
1919 - -11.2%
1918 - -22.7%
1917 - -27.6%
1916 - -28.2%
1915 - -25.8%
1914 - -12.4%
1913 - -0.86%
1912 - -1.86%
1911 - -0.63%
1910 - -0.32%
1909 - -0.69%
1908 - -1.31%
1907 - -0.51%
1906 - -0.69%
1905 - -1.57%
1904 - 0.58%
1903 - 0.32%
1902 - 0.48%
1901 - 0.36%
1900 - 0.28%
1899 - -0.11%
1898 - -0.21%
1897 - 0.009%
1896 - -0.43%
1895 - -0.69%
1894 - -0.23%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.25%
1891 - -1.41%
1890 - -0.32%
1889 - -1.32%
1888 - -2.11%
1887 - -1.94%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - 0.2%
1884 - -1.46%
1883 - -0.51%
1882 - -0.5%
1881 - -0.04%
1880 - 0.38%
1879 - 0.73%
1878 - 0.09%
1877 - -0.009%
1876 - -0.05%
1875 - 0.58%
1874 - -0.08%
1873 - 0.21%
1872 - 0%
1871 - -0.13%
1870 - -0.82%
1869 - 0.33%
1868 - -0.79%
1867 - -1.45%
1866 - -3.1%
1865 - -2.72%
1864 - -3.06%
1863 - -4.16%
1862 - -3.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/italy | CC BY

In 2024, Fiji's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $201M, equivalent to 3.36% of GDP. This compares to Italy's deficit of $82B, or 3.45% of GDP.

Over the past 33 years, Fiji recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Italy ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, Fiji posted an annual deficit equal to 2.81% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.44% of GDP for Italy.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Fiji

Italy
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Fiji Italy
2024 4.51% 0.98%
2023 2.34% 5.62%
2022 4.32% 8.2%
2021 0.16% 1.87%
2020 -2.6% -0.14%
2019 1.77% 0.61%
2018 4.08% 1.14%
2017 3.35% 1.23%
2016 3.86% -0.09%
2015 1.37% 0.04%
2014 0.52% 0.24%
2013 2.91% 1.22%
2012 3.42% 3.04%
2011 7.28% 2.78%
2010 3.69% 1.53%
2009 3.13% 0.77%
2008 7.73% 3.35%
2007 4.8% 1.83%
2006 2.49% 2.09%
2005 2.37% 1.99%
2004 2.83% 2.21%
2003 4.17% 2.67%
2002 0.76% 2.47%
2001 4.27% 2.79%
2000 1.09% 2.54%
1999 1.97% 1.66%
1998 5.71% 1.96%
1997 3.37% 2.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/italy | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Fiji has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.06%, compared with 2.02% in Italy. In 2024, inflation was 4.51% in Fiji and 0.98% in Italy.

Top exports between countries

Fiji
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.2M
Raw agricultural goods $93K
Miscellaneous $44K
Machinery & equipment $33K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Wood & paper products $1K
Italy
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.59M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.9M
Chemicals & pharma $573K
Textiles & consumer goods $378K
Raw materials & minerals $223K
Precious metals & jewellery $201K
Metals $133K
Wood & paper products $91K
Animal & marine products $42K
Miscellaneous $9K

Balance of trade

Fiji Italy
Current account balance
-$866M
2022
$25.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
120/190
2022
19/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-17.4%
2022
+1.08%
2024
Goods imports
$2.68B
2022
$562B
2024
Goods exports
$1.05B
2022
$621B
2024
Service imports
$754M
2022
$160B
2024
Service exports
$1.33B
2022
$155B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.2%
2023
30.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
57%
2023
32.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Fiji Italy
Economic freedom 59.5 63.3
Economic freedom ranking 103/197 80/197
Property rights 59.9 84.8
Government integrity 55.4 60.8
Judicial effectiveness 53.2 80.9
Tax burden 87.8 57.5
Government spending 70 15.3
Fiscal health 7.5 17.2
Business freedom 69.5 74.5
Labor freedom 66.9 70.6
Monetary freedom 72.4 79.1
Trade freedom 66.6 79.4
Investment freedom 55 80
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Fiji
Italy
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Fiji Italy
2026 59.5 63.3
2025 59.1 60.9
2024 58 60.1
2023 58 62.3
2022 56.4 65.4
2021 62.2 64.9
2020 63.4 63.8
2019 62.2 62.2
2018 62 62.5
2017 63.4 62.5
2016 58.8 61.2
2015 59 61.7
2014 58.7 60.9
2013 57.2 60.6
2012 57.3 58.8
2011 60.4 60.3
2010 60.3 62.7
2009 61 61.4
2008 61.8 62.6
2007 60.8 62.8
2006 58.4 62
2005 58.2 64.9
2004 58 64.2
2003 54.7 64.3
2002 53.9 63.6
2001 53.7 63
2000 57.8 61.9
1999 58.4 61.6
1998 58.2 59.1
1997 58 58.1
1996 57.4 60.8
1995 54.7 61.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/italy | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Fiji is 59.5, ranking 103/197, compared to 63.3 for Italy, ranking 80/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Fiji Italy
Services, % of GDP
54.6%
2024
65%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
16.5%
2024
22.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
13.2%
2024
2%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$5.4B
2024
$2.28T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,490
2024
$61,620
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.6B
2024
$291B
2024
Total reserves ranking
133/177
2024
12/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$86.9M
2022
$19B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$204M
2024
$26.9B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.6M
2024
$45.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.36%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31%
2020
20.1%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.7%
2023
22.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.