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Economy of Fiji vs Germany compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Fiji has a GDP of $6.2B compared to $5.05T for Germany, ranking 161/197 and 3/197 by economy size, respectively.

Fiji has $4.88B in government debt (78.7% of GDP), compared to $3.18T (62.9% of GDP) in Germany.

Fiji vs Germany GDP by year

Fiji
Germany
1x
Year GDP, current $
Fiji Germany
2025 $6,198,013,062 $5,050,922,925,047
2024 $5,968,125,909 $4,685,592,577,805
2023 $5,476,673,518 $4,562,207,532,490
2022 $4,977,861,886 $4,201,021,706,479
2021 $4,158,873,156 $4,355,251,953,411
2020 $4,227,719,873 $3,941,398,957,074
2019 $5,344,907,153 $3,959,894,794,039
2018 $5,581,425,327 $4,055,433,215,302
2017 $5,353,469,174 $3,765,351,626,106
2016 $4,930,213,644 $3,536,787,895,179
2015 $4,682,479,894 $3,425,099,578,746
2014 $4,857,104,769 $3,964,870,735,761
2013 $4,189,967,999 $3,807,023,797,051
2012 $3,972,028,104 $3,596,483,233,406
2011 $3,779,411,899 $3,823,575,803,794
2010 $3,140,166,713 $3,467,093,769,667
2009 $2,870,624,636 $3,478,545,516,684
2008 $3,523,185,920 $3,808,197,720,125
2007 $3,378,314,600 $3,484,056,680,855
2006 $3,076,305,453 $3,046,308,753,671
2005 $2,980,403,845 $2,893,393,187,362
2004 $2,708,078,477 $2,852,317,768,062
2003 $2,300,492,465 $2,534,715,518,349
2002 $1,833,279,985 $2,102,350,798,306
2001 $1,652,462,023 $1,966,381,496,642
2000 $1,678,219,508 $1,966,980,701,145
1999 $1,936,459,986 $2,213,873,468,587
1998 $1,653,146,717 $2,247,760,364,566
1997 $2,090,221,137 $2,218,790,886,533
1996 $2,128,696,644 $2,506,576,553,158
1995 $1,970,301,486 $2,593,053,091,306
1994 $1,825,732,093 $2,215,282,632,277
1993 $1,636,101,247 $2,078,954,217,438
1992 $1,532,411,039 $2,141,377,582,968
1991 $1,383,883,250 $1,875,792,575,133
1990 $1,337,017,559 $1,778,162,195,860
1989 $1,182,660,266 $1,404,092,925,205
1988 $1,110,009,523 $1,406,367,016,372
1987 $1,177,947,965 $1,302,932,318,825
1986 $1,290,267,340 $1,050,092,624,516
1985 $1,141,168,944 $735,218,723,093
1984 $1,178,000,678 $727,767,760,979
1983 $1,123,085,190 $773,507,930,295
1982 $1,194,059,943 $779,421,633,755
1981 $1,235,626,771 $803,404,797,058
1980 $1,202,618,816 $953,772,499,462
1979 $1,019,691,460 $884,574,218,333
1978 $829,267,889 $743,182,891,918
1977 $719,501,766 $602,698,323,086
1976 $694,540,806 $521,658,712,133
1975 $684,282,434 $492,434,094,920
1974 $558,587,097 $446,934,971,657
1973 $425,950,488 $399,833,571,167
1972 $316,656,649 $300,899,944,795
1971 $247,749,328 $250,900,942,397
1970 $219,878,482 $216,629,229,947
1969 $182,182,068 $177,733,486,326
1968 $166,952,937 $156,527,292,653
1967 $162,625,886 $145,100,667,773
1966 $150,603,926 $143,304,275,684
1965 $147,084,750 $134,774,688,191
1964 $140,032,741 $123,330,404,665
1963 $129,454,729 $112,232,503,744
1962 $122,906,435 $105,895,435,234
1961 $116,987,785 $96,558,204,043
1960 $112,328,422 $84,619,845,881

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/germany | CC BY

GDP per capita in Fiji vs Germany by year

Fiji
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Fiji Germany
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $6,642 - $60,496 -
2024 $6,426 $15,450 $56,104 $73,552
2023 $5,926 $14,644 $54,777 $71,684
2022 $5,414 $12,982 $50,507 $69,049
2021 $4,537 $10,322 $52,349 $62,531
2020 $4,621 $10,716 $47,395 $58,686
2019 $5,842 $12,978 $47,656 $59,271
2018 $6,085 $12,984 $48,916 $56,273
2017 $5,827 $12,585 $45,554 $54,110
2016 $5,364 $11,766 $42,949 $51,570
2015 $5,098 $11,519 $41,930 $48,545
2014 $5,293 $10,516 $48,960 $47,939
2013 $4,572 $8,842 $47,207 $45,889
2012 $4,341 $8,204 $44,718 $44,229
2011 $4,140 $7,672 $47,631 $43,398
2010 $3,449 $7,339 $42,397 $39,726
2009 $3,164 $7,068 $42,472 $37,574
2008 $3,900 $7,154 $46,379 $38,444
2007 $3,763 $6,990 $42,351 $36,914
2006 $3,455 $6,921 $36,980 $34,741
2005 $3,378 $6,652 $35,084 $32,314
2004 $3,097 $6,463 $34,567 $31,753
2003 $2,656 $6,033 $30,711 $30,301
2002 $2,137 $5,914 $25,487 $29,514
2001 $1,945 $5,699 $23,878 $28,674
2000 $1,996 $5,521 $23,926 $27,474
1999 $2,328 $5,552 $26,965 $26,518
1998 $2,010 $5,090 $27,396 $25,446
1997 $2,574 $5,031 $27,047 $24,649
1996 $2,648 $5,109 $30,600 $24,169
1995 $2,467 $4,818 $31,747 $23,631
1994 $2,297 $4,627 $27,202 $22,869
1993 $2,070 $4,334 $25,617 $21,900
1992 $1,951 $4,172 $26,560 $21,746
1991 $1,775 $3,873 $23,443 $21,001
1990 $1,729 $3,882 $22,386 $19,468
1989 $1,543 - $17,829 -
1988 $1,463 - $17,997 -
1987 $1,569 - $16,739 -
1986 $1,745 - $13,511 -
1985 $1,577 - $9,464 -
1984 $1,667 - $9,347 -
1983 $1,628 - $9,900 -
1982 $1,773 - $9,950 -
1981 $1,879 - $10,246 -
1980 $1,873 - $12,183 -
1979 $1,627 - $11,322 -
1978 $1,355 - $9,517 -
1977 $1,204 - $7,711 -
1976 $1,186 - $6,659 -
1975 $1,188 - $6,259 -
1974 $984 - $5,660 -
1973 $762 - $5,065 -
1972 $575 - $3,824 -
1971 $458 - $3,204 -
1970 $414 - $2,771 -
1969 $350 - $2,281 -
1968 $327 - $2,025 -
1967 $326 - $1,886 -
1966 $310 - $1,871 -
1965 $311 - $1,774 -
1964 $306 - $1,637 -
1963 $291.4 - $1,502 -
1962 $285.5 - $1,431 -
1961 $280.3 - $1,316 -
1960 $277.4 - $1,162 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/germany | CC BY

Fiji's GDP per capita is $6,642, ranking 106/197, compared to $60,496 in Germany, ranking 18/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Fiji ranks 113th at $15,450, while Germany ranks 20th at $73,552.

Economic indicators

Fiji Germany
Gross domestic product
$6.2B
2025
$5.05T
2025
GDP rank
161/197
2025
3/197
2025
GDP growth
3.2%
2024-2025
0.24%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$6,642
2025
$60,496
2025
GDP per capita rank
106/197
2025
18/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,450
2024
$73,552
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
113/197
2024
20/197
2024
Government debt
$4.88B
2025
$3.18T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
78.7%
2025
62.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,227
2025
$38,071
2025
Government debt per person rank
82/185
2025
21/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,553
2026
$40,352
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.9T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,648,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
212
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.2%
2019
26.2%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2019
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.5%
2025
50.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
-1.38%
2024-2025
2.17%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
0.25%
2020
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.36%
2024
3.8%
2025
Population
939479
82830814

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Fiji
Spending

Debt
Germany
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Fiji Germany
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.5% 78.7% 50.5% 62.9%
2024 30.8% 79.1% 49.4% 62.2%
2023 30.2% 82.9% 48.1% 62.3%
2022 33.9% 91.5% 48.6% 64.4%
2021 35.8% 86.7% 50.7% 67.9%
2020 32.7% 65.8% 51.1% 68%
2019 30.7% 49.5% 45.5% 58.7%
2018 32.5% 45.8% 44.7% 60.8%
2017 28.1% 43.4% 44.5% 64%
2016 32.1% 44.6% 44.7% 68.3%
2015 30.6% 44.3% 44.5% 71.2%
2014 30.2% 46.2% 44.5% 74.5%
2013 25.9% 47.4% 45.2% 77.5%
2012 26% 48.6% 45.1% 79.8%
2011 26.5% 51% 45.3% 78.5%
2010 25.5% 53.4% 48.1% 81%
2009 26.2% 51.5% 48.3% 72.4%
2008 22.8% 47.9% 44.4% 65.2%
2007 23.5% 46.4% 43.5% 63.7%
2006 25.4% 50.3% 45.3% 66.4%
2005 24% 45.3% 46.9% 67.1%
2004 24.7% 45.9% 47% 65%
2003 26.7% 46.4% 48.5% 63.3%
2002 28.1% 44.5% 48.2% 59.8%
2001 27% 41.9% 47.7% 58.1%
2000 24.2% 35.9% 48.1% 59.2%
1999 24.6% 34.7% 48.5% 60.3%
1998 27.7% 37.9% 48.3% 59.4%
1997 29.2% 54.4% 48.8% 58.8%
1996 27.2% 50.3% 49.6% 57.7%
1995 23.5% 49.1% 55.2% 54.9%
1994 24.9% 48.8% 48.3% 47.5%
1993 26.7% 45.9% 48.3% 45.1%
1992 27.1% 44.3% 47.4% 41.4%
1991 - - 46.5% 39%
1990 - - 44.7% 40.7%
1989 - - 44.3% 39.2%
1988 - - 45.6% 40.5%
1987 - - 46% 40.1%
1986 - - 45.7% 39.1%
1985 - - 46.6% 39.2%
1984 - - 47.2% 38.7%
1983 - - 47.9% 38%
1982 - - 49.1% 36.4%
1981 - - 49% 33.6%
1980 - - 48.2% 30.1%
1979 - - 47.4% 28.2%
1978 - - 47.7% 27.4%
1977 - - 49% 26%
1976 - - 49.4% 25.1%
1975 - - 50.3% 23.7%
1974 - - 46% 18.5%
1973 - - 42.4% 17.3%
1972 - - 41.8% 18%
1971 - - 40.9% 17.7%
1970 - - 39.5% 17.7%
1969 - - 29.7% 20.3%
1968 - - 28.5% 22.5%
1967 - - 28.8% 22.5%
1966 - - 28.3% 19.8%
1965 - - 28.4% 18.7%
1964 - - 29% 18.2%
1963 - - 29.1% 18.1%
1962 - - 29.2% 17.6%
1961 - - 28.8% 18.7%
1960 - - 22.9% 18.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Fiji's government spending was $1.95B, accounting for 31.5% of its GDP, while Germany spent $2.55T, or 50.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 78.7% in Fiji and 62.9% in Germany, ranking 45/185 and 70/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Fiji

Germany
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Fiji Germany
2025 -2.46% -2.67%
2024 -3.44% -2.66%
2023 -7.15% -2.49%
2022 -12.3% -1.91%
2021 -14.2% -3.17%
2020 -8.34% -4.38%
2019 -3.65% 1.33%
2018 -4.82% 1.88%
2017 -2.28% 1.34%
2016 -5.7% 1.13%
2015 -3.91% 0.91%
2014 -3.48% 0.73%
2013 -0.08% 0.12%
2012 -0.68% -0.05%
2011 -0.72% -0.84%
2010 -1.29% -4.42%
2009 -2.76% -3.18%
2008 1.56% -0.26%
2007 0.36% 0.15%
2006 -0.76% -1.76%
2005 -1.18% -3.37%
2004 -0.98% -3.42%
2003 -3.46% -3.83%
2002 -3.68% -4.09%
2001 -4.5% -3.12%
2000 -1.33% -1.71%
1999 1.17% -1.87%
1998 5.4% -2.65%
1997 -4.5% -3.03%
1996 -3.46% -3.64%
1995 0.78% -9.44%
1994 -0.2% -2.54%
1993 -1.9% -3.11%
1992 -2.25% -2.63%
1991 - -3.21%
1990 - -1.94%
1989 - 0.08%
1988 - -2.02%
1987 - -1.85%
1986 - -1.18%
1985 - -1.18%
1984 - -2.04%
1983 - -2.95%
1982 - -3.56%
1981 - -4.03%
1980 - -3.02%
1979 - -2.71%
1978 - -2.62%
1977 - -2.56%
1976 - -3.5%
1975 - -5.78%
1974 - -1.69%
1973 - 1.14%
1972 - -0.37%
1971 - 0.16%
1970 - 0.53%
1969 - -0.43%
1968 - 1.39%
1967 - 2.73%
1966 - 1.76%
1965 - 2.26%
1964 - 1.49%
1963 - 1.43%
1962 - 0.49%
1961 - -0.12%
1960 - -0.34%
1959 - 0.77%
1958 - 1.77%
1957 - 1.99%
1956 - 0.59%
1955 - -1.41%
1954 - -0.37%
1953 - -0.13%
1952 - 0%
1951 - 1.15%
1950 - 1.81%
1949 - -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 - -0.64%
1933 - -0.43%
1932 - -1.11%
1931 - -1.03%
1930 - -1.52%
1929 - -0.9%
1928 - -1.47%
1927 - -0.44%
1926 - -1.3%
1925 - 0.34%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.007%
1912 - -0.26%
1911 - 0.06%
1910 - -0.21%
1909 - 0.11%
1908 - -0.11%
1907 - -0.14%
1906 - 0.76%
1905 - 1.21%
1904 - 0.41%
1903 - 0.88%
1902 - 0.08%
1901 - 0.91%
1900 - 0.27%
1899 - 0.6%
1898 - 0.47%
1897 - 0.39%
1896 - 0.63%
1895 - 0.47%
1894 - 0.44%
1893 - 0.42%
1892 - -0.24%
1891 - 1.18%
1890 - 0.12%
1889 - 1.16%
1888 - 0.62%
1887 - 0.88%
1886 - 0.23%
1885 - 0.21%
1884 - 0.23%
1883 - 0.55%
1882 - 0.41%
1881 - 0.12%
1880 - -0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Fiji's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $153M, equivalent to 2.46% of GDP. This compares to Germany's deficit of $135B, or 2.67% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Fiji recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Germany ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Fiji posted an annual deficit equal to 2.83% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.02% of GDP for Germany.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Fiji

Germany
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Fiji Germany
2025 -1.38% 2.17%
2024 3.89% 2.26%
2023 2.98% 5.95%
2022 6.08% 6.87%
2021 1.53% 3.07%
2020 -1.7% 0.14%
2019 1.79% 1.45%
2018 4.08% 1.73%
2017 3.35% 1.51%
2016 3.86% 0.49%
2015 1.37% 0.51%
2014 0.52% 0.91%
2013 2.91% 1.5%
2012 3.42% 2.01%
2011 7.28% 2.08%
2010 3.69% 1.1%
2009 3.13% 0.31%
2008 7.73% 2.63%
2007 4.8% 2.3%
2006 2.49% 1.58%
2005 2.37% 1.55%
2004 2.83% 1.67%
2003 4.17% 1.03%
2002 0.76% 1.42%
2001 4.27% 1.98%
2000 1.09% 1.44%
1999 1.97% 0.59%
1998 5.71% 0.91%
1997 3.37% 1.94%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/germany | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Fiji has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.05%, compared with 1.83% in Germany. In 2025, inflation was -1.38% in Fiji and 2.17% in Germany.

Top exports between countries

Fiji
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $436K
Textiles & consumer goods $167K
Chemicals & pharma $94K
Machinery & equipment $65K
Miscellaneous $31K
Raw agricultural goods $26K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Metals $4K
Wood & paper products $3K
Animal & marine products $2K
Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.57M
Chemicals & pharma $3.02M
Miscellaneous $2.22M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $859K
Textiles & consumer goods $695K
Wood & paper products $660K
Metals $501K
Raw materials & minerals $259K
Animal & marine products $125K
Raw agricultural goods $32K

Balance of trade

Fiji Germany
Current account balance
-$464M
2024
$228B
2025
Current account balance ranking
104/190
2024
2/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.78%
2024
+4.51%
2025
Goods imports
$2.86B
2024
$1.32T
2025
Goods exports
$1.13B
2024
$1.53T
2025
Service imports
$996M
2024
$602B
2025
Service exports
$2.12B
2024
$518B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
64.6%
2024
38.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.4%
2024
40.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Fiji Germany
Economic freedom 59.5 71.7
Economic freedom ranking 103/197 30/197
Property rights 59.9 95.5
Government integrity 55.4 84.5
Judicial effectiveness 53.2 94.6
Tax burden 87.8 60.5
Government spending 70 28.8
Fiscal health 7.5 83.1
Business freedom 69.5 79.8
Labor freedom 66.9 52.2
Monetary freedom 72.4 72.5
Trade freedom 66.6 79.4
Investment freedom 55 60
Financial freedom 50 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Fiji
Germany
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Fiji Germany
2026 59.5 71.7
2025 59.1 71.6
2024 58 72.1
2023 58 73.7
2022 56.4 76.1
2021 62.2 72.5
2020 63.4 73.5
2019 62.2 73.5
2018 62 74.2
2017 63.4 73.8
2016 58.8 74.4
2015 59 73.8
2014 58.7 73.4
2013 57.2 72.8
2012 57.3 71
2011 60.4 71.8
2010 60.3 71.1
2009 61 70.5
2008 61.8 70.6
2007 60.8 70.8
2006 58.4 70.8
2005 58.2 68.1
2004 58 69.5
2003 54.7 69.7
2002 53.9 70.4
2001 53.7 69.5
2000 57.8 65.7
1999 58.4 65.6
1998 58.2 64.3
1997 58 67.5
1996 57.4 69.1
1995 54.7 69.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/germany | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Fiji is 59.5, ranking 103/197, compared to 71.7 for Germany, ranking 30/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Fiji Germany
Services, % of GDP
57%
2025
64.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
13.9%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14%
2025
0.87%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$5.81B
2025
$5.03T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$15,360
2025
$78,140
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.66B
2025
$572B
2025
Total reserves ranking
130/177
2025
7/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$178M
2024
$12.9B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$204M
2024
$62.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.6M
2024
$87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.36%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31%
2020
14.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/germany | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.