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Economy of Myanmar vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Myanmar has a GDP of $81.7B compared to $669B for Sweden, ranking 85/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Myanmar has $42.4B in government debt (51.9% of GDP), compared to $234B (34.9% of GDP) in Sweden.

Myanmar vs Sweden GDP by year

Myanmar
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Myanmar Sweden
2025 $81,665,773,810 $668,998,664,082
2024 $74,068,349,524 $604,827,393,489
2023 $66,757,619,000 $578,990,915,246
2022 $62,253,049,892 $575,071,237,641
2021 $66,345,291,160 $631,693,331,301
2020 $79,006,113,643 $544,265,668,452
2019 $75,065,106,228 $530,894,124,494
2018 $67,860,515,990 $549,649,344,043
2017 $66,053,040,483 $535,172,356,785
2016 $63,298,361,996 $513,058,312,951
2015 $59,607,290,408 $501,602,351,912
2014 $65,531,374,200 $577,727,767,304
2013 $60,269,732,855 $584,125,353,119
2012 $59,937,796,648 $549,739,674,655
2011 $59,977,326,086 $570,538,581,144
2010 $49,540,813,342 $492,750,897,239
2009 $36,906,181,381 $434,311,714,442
2008 $31,862,554,102 $514,614,100,833
2007 $20,182,477,481 $490,047,789,548
2006 $14,502,553,710 $422,528,394,459
2005 $11,986,972,419 $391,688,455,929
2004 $10,567,354,056 $384,545,442,175
2003 $10,467,109,978 $334,072,443,516
2002 $6,777,632,512 $267,371,907,447
2001 $6,477,790,688 $242,497,797,485
2000 $8,905,066,164 $262,903,560,280
1999 $8,486,832,801 $274,318,357,862
1998 $6,459,461,639 $270,887,306,759
1997 $4,722,288,496 $268,249,616,891
1996 $6,123,556,717 $291,949,597,375
1995 $5,289,174,943 $267,050,453,507
1994 $4,432,257,174 $228,699,066,874
1993 $3,163,020,035 $212,644,602,616
1992 $2,411,552,289 $283,908,914,454
1991 $2,069,832,687 $273,831,464,572
1990 $2,115,193,513 $261,466,577,009
1989 $2,013,448,229 $217,632,340,195
1988 $1,541,088,312 $206,686,590,776
1987 $1,562,448,077 $182,744,315,974
1986 $1,582,873,750 $150,279,869,729
1985 $1,478,908,173 $113,958,084,357
1984 $1,304,063,253 $109,043,045,407
1983 $1,381,573,615 $104,862,109,663
1982 $1,481,165,468 $114,214,731,799
1981 $1,111,000,765 $129,498,921,476
1980 $1,038,225,167 $141,886,067,004
1979 $952,265,043 $123,207,527,699
1978 $935,408,775 $104,290,933,496
1977 $873,579,932 $94,331,782,622
1976 $1,204,699,849 $89,232,517,046
1975 $1,061,107,354 $82,765,232,648
1974 $1,225,589,878 $65,917,634,590
1973 $719,754,655 $59,318,842,992
1972 $662,213,083 $48,883,173,400
1971 $587,448,405 $41,506,151,115
1970 $563,555,631 $38,037,226,668
1969 $571,854,215 $33,967,301,561
1968 $559,956,130 $31,277,871,669
1967 $420,359,036 $29,474,881,506
1966 $293,103,479 $27,154,716,721
1965 $367,053,117 $24,963,947,415
1964 $411,419,906 $22,685,490,195
1963 $598,998,419 $20,342,131,882
1962 $634,528,872 $18,794,066,990
1961 $605,581,577 $17,329,620,585
1960 $545,098,448 $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Myanmar vs Sweden by year

Myanmar
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Myanmar Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $1,489 - $63,133 -
2024 $1,359 $5,997 $57,223 $71,845
2023 $1,233 $5,953 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $1,158 $5,732 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $1,243 $5,178 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $1,490 $5,741 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $1,426 $6,101 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $1,298 $5,581 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $1,273 $4,706 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $1,229 $4,460 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $1,167 $4,459 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $1,293 $4,376 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $1,199 $4,144 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $1,203 $3,845 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $1,214 $3,579 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $1,011 $3,348 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $758 $3,040 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $658 $2,748 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $419 $2,459 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $303 $2,153 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $252.7 $1,860 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $224.5 $1,601 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $224.3 $1,385 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $146.6 $1,204 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $141.5 $1,069 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $196.6 $949 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $189.5 $825 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $146 $742 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $108 $702 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $141.9 $661 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $124.1 $618 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $105.4 $573 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $76.2 $529 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $58.9 $494 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $51.2 $447 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $53.1 $441 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $51.3 - $25,625 -
1988 $39.9 - $24,499 -
1987 $41.1 - $21,761 -
1986 $42.4 - $17,955 -
1985 $40.4 - $13,647 -
1984 $36.3 - $13,080 -
1983 $39.3 - $12,590 -
1982 $43 - $13,719 -
1981 $32.8 - $15,564 -
1980 $31.2 - $17,073 -
1979 $29.2 - $14,856 -
1978 $29.3 - $12,602 -
1977 $27.9 - $11,432 -
1976 $39.2 - $10,853 -
1975 $35.2 - $10,103 -
1974 $41.4 - $8,078 -
1973 $24.8 - $7,291 -
1972 $23.3 - $6,018 -
1971 $21.1 - $5,125 -
1970 $20.7 - $4,729 -
1969 $21.5 - $4,263 -
1968 $21.5 - $3,953 -
1967 $16.5 - $3,746 -
1966 $11.8 - $3,478 -
1965 $15.1 - $3,228 -
1964 $17.3 - $2,961 -
1963 $25.8 - $2,675 -
1962 $27.9 - $2,485 -
1961 $27.3 - $2,304 -
1960 $25.1 - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/sweden | CC BY

Myanmar's GDP per capita is $1,489, ranking 166/197, compared to $63,133 in Sweden, ranking 15/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Myanmar ranks 153rd at $5,997, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Myanmar Sweden
Gross domestic product
$81.7B
2025
$669B
2025
GDP rank
85/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP growth
-2.01%
2024-2025
1.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$1,489
2025
$63,133
2025
GDP per capita rank
166/197
2025
15/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$5,997
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
153/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$42.4B
2025
$234B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
51.9%
2025
34.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$773
2025
$22,057
2025
Government debt per person rank
152/185
2025
31/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,165
2026
$40,083
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
507,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
50
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2017
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.8%
2017
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
49.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
8.83%
2018-2019
0.68%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.48%
2020
8.8%
2025
Population
55361818
10665077

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Myanmar
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Myanmar Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 25.2% 51.9% 49.4% 34.9%
2024 25.8% 50.6% 49.3% 33.9%
2023 21.4% 53.2% 48.9% 32.1%
2022 21.3% 56% 48.3% 34.2%
2021 20.9% 63.4% 49.3% 37.3%
2020 21.3% 49.1% 52% 40.4%
2019 20.5% 37.6% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 18.7% 39.9% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 19.7% 41.9% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 21.3% 35.7% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 23.7% 36.6% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 24.7% 34.5% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 23.9% 44.8% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 20% 48% 50.2% 38%
2011 15.6% 49.9% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 15.8% 54.4% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 14.4% 56.4% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 14.4% 59.8% 49.4% 37.9%
2007 15.7% 77.4% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 15.6% 103.1% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 14.6% 119% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 14.6% 126.6% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 14.3% 146% 53% 49.5%
2002 15.3% 190.6% 52.7% 49.9%
2001 19.1% 262% 51.7% 52%
2000 21.4% 164.5% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 22.8% 150.7% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 25.2% 208.6% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 - - 57.9% 67.7%
1996 - - 60% 68.9%
1995 - - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 - - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, Myanmar's government spending was $20.6B, accounting for 25.2% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $331B, or 49.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51.9% in Myanmar and 34.9% in Sweden, ranking 101/185 and 144/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Myanmar

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Myanmar Sweden
2025 -4.94% -1.41%
2024 -4.11% -1.5%
2023 -2.76% -0.63%
2022 -2.75% 1%
2021 -2.22% -0.15%
2020 -6.5% -3.18%
2019 -4.7% 0.44%
2018 -2.77% 0.67%
2017 -3.42% 1.29%
2016 -2.53% 0.86%
2015 -4.33% -0.27%
2014 -1.06% -1.84%
2013 -1.53% -1.63%
2012 -2.7% -1.19%
2011 -4.82% -0.41%
2010 -5.4% -0.14%
2009 -3.55% -0.89%
2008 -2.73% 1.87%
2007 -3.52% 3.37%
2006 -3.42% 2.2%
2005 -3.49% 2.08%
2004 -4.62% 0.17%
2003 -4.24% -1.25%
2002 -4.01% -1.46%
2001 -6.34% 1.37%
2000 -6.03% 3.11%
1999 -4.46% 0.6%
1998 -4.89% 0.82%
1997 - -1.57%
1996 - -3.11%
1995 - -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, Myanmar's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.04B, equivalent to 4.94% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $9.43B, or 1.41% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Myanmar recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 14 years. On average, Myanmar posted an annual deficit equal to 3.85% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.14% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Myanmar

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Myanmar Sweden
2025 - 0.68%
2024 - 2.84%
2023 - 8.55%
2022 - 8.37%
2021 - 2.16%
2020 - 0.5%
2019 8.83% 1.78%
2018 6.87% 1.95%
2017 4.57% 1.79%
2016 6.93% 0.98%
2015 9.45% -0.05%
2014 4.95% -0.18%
2013 5.64% -0.04%
2012 1.47% 0.89%
2011 5.02% 2.96%
2010 7.72% 1.16%
2009 1.47% -0.49%
2008 26.8% 3.44%
2007 35% 2.21%
2006 20% 1.36%
2005 9.37% 0.45%
2004 4.53% 0.37%
2003 36.6% 1.93%
2002 57.1% 2.16%
2001 21.1% 2.41%
2000 -0.11% 0.9%
1999 18.4% 0.46%
1998 51.5% -0.27%
1997 29.7% 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Myanmar has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 16.2%, compared with 1.17% in Sweden. In 2019, inflation was 8.83% in Myanmar and 0.68% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Myanmar
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $80.2M
Machinery & equipment $807K
Animal & marine products $530K
Wood & paper products $458K
Metals $120K
Miscellaneous $27K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11K
Raw materials & minerals $8K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $2.38M
Machinery & equipment $355K
Miscellaneous $172K
Textiles & consumer goods $137K
Wood & paper products $88K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $77K
Raw materials & minerals $33K
Metals $4K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K

Balance of trade

Myanmar Sweden
Current account balance
$67.7M
2019
$40.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
66/190
2019
15/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2019
+6.06%
2025
Goods imports
$13.7B
2019
$201B
2025
Goods exports
$10.8B
2019
$233B
2025
Service imports
$3.66B
2019
$144B
2025
Service exports
$6.68B
2019
$132B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
51.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.3%
2026
53.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Myanmar Sweden
Economic freedom 44.5 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 180/197 14/197
Property rights 5.7 96.2
Government integrity 18.1 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 3.9 95.6
Tax burden 88.6 51.6
Government spending 86.6 28.4
Fiscal health 62.7 97.5
Business freedom 37.9 84.8
Labor freedom 53.2 65.8
Monetary freedom 57.5 78.1
Trade freedom 69.4 79.4
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 20 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Myanmar
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Myanmar Sweden
2026 44.5 77.8
2025 43.7 77.9
2024 42.2 77.5
2023 46.5 77.5
2022 49.6 77.9
2021 55.2 74.7
2020 54 74.9
2019 53.6 75.2
2018 53.9 76.3
2017 52.5 74.9
2016 48.7 72
2015 46.9 72.7
2014 46.5 73.1
2013 39.2 72.9
2012 38.7 71.7
2011 37.8 71.9
2010 36.7 72.4
2009 37.7 70.5
2008 39.5 70.8
2007 41 69.3
2006 40 70.9
2005 40.5 69.8
2004 43.6 70.1
2003 44.9 70
2002 45.5 70.8
2001 46.1 66.6
2000 47.9 65.1
1999 46.4 64.2
1998 45.7 64
1997 45.4 63.3
1996 45.1 61.8
1995 - 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Myanmar is 44.5, ranking 180/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Myanmar Sweden
Services, % of GDP
38.5%
2025
67%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
36.2%
2025
21%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
25.3%
2025
1.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$72.3B
2025
$668B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$5,890
2025
$76,090
2025
Total reserves including gold
$9.34B
2023
$74.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
85/177
2023
36/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.74B
2019
-$11.1B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.1B
2024
$30.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$29.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.31%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
24.8%
2017
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
25.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.