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Economy of Marshall Islands vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Marshall Islands has a GDP of $308M compared to $669B for Sweden, ranking 194/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Marshall Islands has $36.3M in government debt (11.8% of GDP), compared to $234B (34.9% of GDP) in Sweden.

Marshall Islands vs Sweden GDP by year

Marshall Islands
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Marshall Islands Sweden
2025 $308,000,000 $668,998,664,082
2024 $285,000,000 $604,827,393,489
2023 $264,000,000 $578,990,915,246
2022 $258,723,500 $575,071,237,641
2021 $261,245,500 $631,693,331,301
2020 $241,800,000 $544,265,668,452
2019 $232,900,000 $530,894,124,494
2018 $220,000,000 $549,649,344,043
2017 $213,700,000 $535,172,356,785
2016 $201,800,000 $513,058,312,951
2015 $183,700,000 $501,602,351,912
2014 $186,000,000 $577,727,767,304
2013 $186,400,000 $584,125,353,119
2012 $180,700,000 $549,739,674,655
2011 $172,300,000 $570,538,581,144
2010 $161,100,000 $492,750,897,239
2009 $151,200,000 $434,311,714,442
2008 $146,600,000 $514,614,100,833
2007 $150,500,000 $490,047,789,548
2006 $143,200,000 $422,528,394,459
2005 $138,000,000 $391,688,455,929
2004 $132,900,000 $384,545,442,175
2003 $131,128,500 $334,072,443,516
2002 $131,960,000 $267,371,907,447
2001 $122,406,100 $242,497,797,485
2000 $114,838,500 $262,903,560,280
1999 $113,352,100 $274,318,357,862
1998 $112,070,100 $270,887,306,759
1997 $109,884,700 $268,249,616,891
1996 $110,858,000 $291,949,597,375
1995 $120,230,000 $267,050,453,507
1994 $108,071,000 $228,699,066,874
1993 $99,461,000 $212,644,602,616
1992 $91,063,000 $283,908,914,454
1991 $82,507,000 $273,831,464,572
1990 $78,476,000 $261,466,577,009
1989 $72,798,000 $217,632,340,195
1988 $70,688,000 $206,686,590,776
1987 $62,983,000 $182,744,315,974
1986 $55,989,000 $150,279,869,729
1985 $43,879,000 $113,958,084,357
1984 $45,144,000 $109,043,045,407
1983 $41,749,000 $104,862,109,663
1982 $34,918,000 $114,214,731,799
1981 $31,020,000 $129,498,921,476
1980 $26,710,653 $141,886,067,004
1979 $25,545,346 $123,207,527,699
1978 $22,209,370 $104,290,933,496
1977 $20,210,069 $94,331,782,622
1976 $18,153,647 $89,232,517,046
1975 $16,691,301 $82,765,232,648
1974 $15,217,532 $65,917,634,590
1973 $11,607,366 $59,318,842,992
1972 $9,973,652 $48,883,173,400
1971 $9,116,810 $41,506,151,115
1970 $8,408,486 $38,037,226,668
1969 - $33,967,301,561
1968 - $31,277,871,669
1967 - $29,474,881,506
1966 - $27,154,716,721
1965 - $24,963,947,415
1964 - $22,685,490,195
1963 - $20,342,131,882
1962 - $18,794,066,990
1961 - $17,329,620,585
1960 - $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/marshall-islands/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Marshall Islands vs Sweden by year

Marshall Islands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Marshall Islands Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $8,489 - $63,133 -
2024 $7,590 $8,195 $57,223 $71,845
2023 $6,799 $7,549 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $6,456 $7,431 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $6,315 $6,768 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $5,662 $6,137 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $5,292 $6,045 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $4,858 $5,232 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $4,593 $4,719 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $4,230 $4,366 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $3,764 $4,125 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $3,735 $3,931 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $3,678 $3,845 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $3,514 $3,590 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $3,319 $3,537 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $3,095 $3,473 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $2,907 $3,253 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $2,818 $3,118 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $2,892 $3,309 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $2,754 $3,110 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $2,659 $3,017 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $2,566 $2,880 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $2,539 $2,824 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $2,566 $2,825 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $2,394 $2,700 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $2,265 $2,490 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $2,258 $2,400 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $2,254 $2,422 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $2,231 $2,434 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $2,273 $2,583 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $2,491 $2,858 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $2,265 $2,617 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $2,112 $2,452 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $1,963 $2,293 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $1,811 $2,131 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $1,758 $2,102 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $1,670 - $25,625 -
1988 $1,670 - $24,499 -
1987 $1,543 - $21,761 -
1986 $1,425 - $17,955 -
1985 $1,162 - $13,647 -
1984 $1,245 - $13,080 -
1983 $1,199 - $12,590 -
1982 $1,046 - $13,719 -
1981 $969 - $15,564 -
1980 $868 - $17,073 -
1979 $859 - $14,856 -
1978 $771 - $12,602 -
1977 $724 - $11,432 -
1976 $672 - $10,853 -
1975 $638 - $10,103 -
1974 $602 - $8,078 -
1973 $472 - $7,291 -
1972 $416 - $6,018 -
1971 $390 - $5,125 -
1970 $373 - $4,729 -
1969 - - $4,263 -
1968 - - $3,953 -
1967 - - $3,746 -
1966 - - $3,478 -
1965 - - $3,228 -
1964 - - $2,961 -
1963 - - $2,675 -
1962 - - $2,485 -
1961 - - $2,304 -
1960 - - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/marshall-islands/sweden | CC BY

The Marshall Islands' GDP per capita is $8,489, ranking 95/197, compared to $63,133 in Sweden, ranking 15/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Marshall Islands ranks 139th at $8,195, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Marshall Islands Sweden
Gross domestic product
$308M
2025
$669B
2025
GDP rank
194/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP growth
2.28%
2024-2025
1.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$8,489
2025
$63,133
2025
GDP per capita rank
95/197
2025
15/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$8,195
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
139/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$36.3M
2025
$234B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
11.8%
2025
34.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,000
2025
$22,057
2025
Government debt per person rank
144/185
2025
31/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,308
2026
$40,083
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
507,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
50
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27.5%
2019
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2019
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
65.3%
2025
49.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.5%
2024-2025
0.68%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
9.82%
2021
8.8%
2025
Population
35039
10665077

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Marshall Islands
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Marshall Islands Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 65.3% 11.8% 49.4% 34.9%
2024 70.9% 14.2% 49.3% 33.9%
2023 67.5% 18.2% 48.9% 32.1%
2022 65.8% 19.6% 48.3% 34.2%
2021 69.2% 19.9% 49.3% 37.3%
2020 67.8% 21.7% 52% 40.4%
2019 65.5% 25.1% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 60.5% 24.7% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 63.7% 26.5% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 56.8% 29.2% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 56.3% 33.9% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 49.2% 34.9% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 55% 33.4% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 53.2% 37.6% 50.2% 38%
2011 55.9% 35.9% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 59.2% 38.8% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 63.1% 41.2% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 64.3% 44.1% 49.4% 37.9%
2007 67.2% 42.2% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 61.2% 44.4% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 85.3% 45.8% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 54.5% 46.8% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 52.9% 43.7% 53% 49.5%
2002 55.2% 37.2% 52.7% 49.9%
2001 58.8% 32.7% 51.7% 52%
2000 56.5% 27.3% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 48.7% 26.1% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 50.5% 18.1% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 55% 8.73% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 - - 60% 68.9%
1995 - - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 - - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/marshall-islands/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, the Marshall Islands' government spending was $201M, accounting for 65.3% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $331B, or 49.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 11.8% in the Marshall Islands and 34.9% in Sweden, ranking 180/185 and 144/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Marshall Islands

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Marshall Islands Sweden
2025 1.35% -1.41%
2024 2.62% -1.5%
2023 1.01% -0.63%
2022 0.51% 1%
2021 0.18% -0.15%
2020 2.54% -3.18%
2019 -1.8% 0.44%
2018 2.55% 0.67%
2017 4.38% 1.29%
2016 3.88% 0.86%
2015 2.81% -0.27%
2014 3.2% -1.84%
2013 -0.23% -1.63%
2012 -0.76% -1.19%
2011 2.13% -0.41%
2010 3.51% -0.14%
2009 1.51% -0.89%
2008 3.68% 1.87%
2007 0.27% 3.37%
2006 0.24% 2.2%
2005 -22.3% 2.08%
2004 -1.6% 0.17%
2003 10.5% -1.25%
2002 5.12% -1.46%
2001 7.83% 1.37%
2000 7.84% 3.11%
1999 9.01% 0.6%
1998 13.5% 0.82%
1997 7.91% -1.57%
1996 - -3.11%
1995 - -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/marshall-islands/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, the Marshall Islands' government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.17M, equivalent to 1.35% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $9.43B, or 1.41% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, the Marshall Islands recorded a fiscal deficit in 5 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 15 years. On average, the Marshall Islands posted an annual surplus equal to 2.46% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.08% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Marshall Islands

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Marshall Islands Sweden
2025 5.5% 0.68%
2024 5.2% 2.84%
2023 7.4% 8.55%
2022 2.8% 8.37%
2021 2.2% 2.16%
2020 -0.7% 0.5%
2019 -0.1% 1.78%
2018 0.8% 1.95%
2017 0.1% 1.79%
2016 -1.5% 0.98%
2015 -2.2% -0.05%
2014 1.1% -0.18%
2013 1.9% -0.04%
2012 4.3% 0.89%
2011 5.4% 2.96%
2010 1.8% 1.16%
2009 0.5% -0.49%
2008 14.7% 3.44%
2007 2.6% 2.21%
2006 5.3% 1.36%
2005 3.5% 0.45%
2004 2% 0.37%
2003 - 1.93%
2002 - 2.16%
2001 - 2.41%
2000 - 0.9%
1999 - 0.46%
1998 - -0.27%
1997 - 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (2004–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/marshall-islands/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 22 years, the Marshall Islands has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.85%, compared with 1.89% in Sweden. In 2025, inflation was 5.5% in the Marshall Islands and 0.68% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Marshall Islands
Export category Export value
Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $27.5M
Precious metals & jewellery $998K
Wood & paper products $651K
Chemicals & pharma $59K
Textiles & consumer goods $16K

Balance of trade

Marshall Islands Sweden
Current account balance
$62.3M
2024
$40.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
67/190
2024
15/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+21.9%
2024
+6.06%
2025
Goods imports
$173M
2024
$201B
2025
Goods exports
$101M
2024
$233B
2025
Service imports
$64.2M
2024
$144B
2025
Service exports
$21.1M
2024
$132B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.9%
2025
51.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
36%
2025
53.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Marshall Islands Sweden
Economic freedom 58 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 113/197 14/197
Property rights n/a 96.2
Government integrity n/a 91.6
Judicial effectiveness n/a 95.6
Tax burden n/a 51.6
Government spending n/a 28.4
Fiscal health n/a 97.5
Business freedom n/a 84.8
Labor freedom n/a 65.8
Monetary freedom n/a 78.1
Trade freedom n/a 79.4
Investment freedom n/a 85
Financial freedom n/a 80

Other economic metrics

Marshall Islands Sweden
Services, % of GDP
68.2%
2024
67%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
13.4%
2024
21%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
19.9%
2024
1.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$352M
2025
$668B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$10,590
2025
$76,090
2025
Total reserves including gold n/a
$74.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking n/a
36/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$13.4M
2024
-$11.1B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.4M
2024
$30.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$29.7B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
7.2%
2019
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.1%
2024
25.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/marshall-islands/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.