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Economy of DR Congo vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The DR Congo has a GDP of $91B compared to $669B for Sweden, ranking 81/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

The DR Congo has $18.4B in government debt (20.2% of GDP), compared to $234B (34.9% of GDP) in Sweden.

DR Congo vs Sweden GDP by year

DR Congo
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
DR Congo Sweden
2025 $91,030,531,317 $668,998,664,082
2024 $75,716,176,105 $604,827,393,489
2023 $69,843,655,425 $578,990,915,246
2022 $70,422,346,142 $575,071,237,641
2021 $59,067,289,574 $631,693,331,301
2020 $46,691,989,749 $544,265,668,452
2019 $46,845,900,350 $530,894,124,494
2018 $46,659,954,092 $549,649,344,043
2017 $37,537,521,566 $535,172,356,785
2016 $38,600,224,214 $513,058,312,951
2015 $40,179,574,490 $501,602,351,912
2014 $38,352,980,553 $577,727,767,304
2013 $34,891,189,160 $584,125,353,119
2012 $30,029,369,929 $549,739,674,655
2011 $26,392,379,642 $570,538,581,144
2010 $24,161,641,931 $492,750,897,239
2009 $18,607,259,481 $434,311,714,442
2008 $22,723,488,723 $514,614,100,833
2007 $18,374,807,773 $490,047,789,548
2006 $15,484,044,535 $422,528,394,459
2005 $12,609,728,573 $391,688,455,929
2004 $10,297,483,481 $384,545,442,175
2003 $8,937,567,060 $334,072,443,516
2002 $8,728,038,525 $267,371,907,447
2001 $7,438,189,100 $242,497,797,485
2000 $19,088,046,306 $262,903,560,280
1999 $4,711,259,427 $274,318,357,862
1998 $6,217,805,821 $270,887,306,759
1997 $6,090,838,693 $268,249,616,891
1996 $5,771,456,952 $291,949,597,375
1995 $5,643,439,376 $267,050,453,507
1994 $5,820,382,248 $228,699,066,874
1993 $10,706,259,937 $212,644,602,616
1992 $8,227,343,907 $283,908,914,454
1991 $9,625,436,873 $273,831,464,572
1990 $9,349,764,580 $261,466,577,009
1989 $9,021,862,775 $217,632,340,195
1988 $8,861,299,977 $206,686,590,776
1987 $7,661,625,473 $182,744,315,974
1986 $8,095,367,168 $150,279,869,729
1985 $7,195,042,616 $113,958,084,357
1984 $7,857,729,193 $109,043,045,407
1983 $11,006,712,650 $104,862,109,663
1982 $13,651,667,371 $114,214,731,799
1981 $12,537,821,038 $129,498,921,476
1980 $14,394,927,495 $141,886,067,004
1979 $15,068,422,236 $123,207,527,699
1978 $15,372,608,002 $104,290,933,496
1977 $12,344,424,764 $94,331,782,622
1976 $9,648,583,225 $89,232,517,046
1975 $10,237,343,174 $82,765,232,648
1974 $9,596,960,180 $65,917,634,590
1973 $7,870,239,461 $59,318,842,992
1972 $6,173,712,814 $48,883,173,400
1971 $5,594,770,359 $41,506,151,115
1970 $4,877,684,910 $38,037,226,668
1969 $5,032,434,970 $33,967,301,561
1968 $3,909,780,539 $31,277,871,669
1967 $3,384,063,372 $29,474,881,506
1966 $4,532,660,182 $27,154,716,721
1965 $4,043,901,818 $24,963,947,415
1964 $2,881,545,273 $22,685,490,195
1963 $6,213,185,743 $20,342,131,882
1962 $3,779,841,429 $18,794,066,990
1961 $3,086,746,857 $17,329,620,585
1960 $3,359,404,118 $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in DR Congo vs Sweden by year

DR Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
DR Congo Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $807 - $63,133 -
2024 $693 $1,821 $57,223 $71,845
2023 $660 $1,731 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $688 $1,590 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $596 $1,402 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $486 $1,089 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $504 $1,056 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $518 $1,049 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $431 $991 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $460 $950 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $496 $910 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $489 $859 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $460 $761 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $410 $648 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $373 $644 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $352 $606 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $280.2 $573 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $353 $584 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $294.1 $550 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $255.4 $508 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $214.5 $484 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $180.7 $456 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $161.5 $428 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $162.4 $410 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $142.7 $404 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $378 $417 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $96.3 $452 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $131.5 $481 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $132.3 $497 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $127.4 $526 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $127 $532 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $136.5 $540 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $263.3 $576 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $209.7 $674 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $253.8 $762 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $254.9 $832 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $254.2 - $25,625 -
1988 $257.7 - $24,499 -
1987 $230.1 - $21,761 -
1986 $250.9 - $17,955 -
1985 $230.1 - $13,647 -
1984 $259.8 - $13,080 -
1983 $376 - $12,590 -
1982 $482 - $13,719 -
1981 $456 - $15,564 -
1980 $539 - $17,073 -
1979 $582 - $14,856 -
1978 $615 - $12,602 -
1977 $509 - $11,432 -
1976 $408 - $10,853 -
1975 $445 - $10,103 -
1974 $428 - $8,078 -
1973 $361 - $7,291 -
1972 $290.5 - $6,018 -
1971 $270.3 - $5,125 -
1970 $242.2 - $4,729 -
1969 $257.1 - $4,263 -
1968 $205.6 - $3,953 -
1967 $183.3 - $3,746 -
1966 $252.8 - $3,478 -
1965 $232 - $3,228 -
1964 $169.9 - $2,961 -
1963 $376 - $2,675 -
1962 $235.1 - $2,485 -
1961 $197.1 - $2,304 -
1960 $220.1 - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/sweden | CC BY

The DR Congo's GDP per capita is $807, ranking 187/197, compared to $63,133 in Sweden, ranking 15/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the DR Congo ranks 190th at $1,821, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

DR Congo Sweden
Gross domestic product
$91B
2025
$669B
2025
GDP rank
81/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP growth
5.76%
2024-2025
1.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$807
2025
$63,133
2025
GDP per capita rank
187/197
2025
15/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,821
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
190/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$18.4B
2025
$234B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
20.2%
2025
34.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$163
2025
$22,057
2025
Government debt per person rank
183/185
2025
31/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,203
2026
$40,083
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
507,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
50
2026
Income share by richest 10%
35.7%
2020
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2020
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
17.2%
2025
49.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.89%
2015-2016
0.68%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
13.5%
2026
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.47%
2020
8.8%
2025
Population
118386491
10665077

Spending and national debt comparison by year

DR Congo
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
DR Congo Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 17.2% 20.2% 49.4% 34.9%
2024 16.5% 15.8% 49.3% 33.9%
2023 15.9% 15.7% 48.9% 32.1%
2022 17.1% 14.7% 48.3% 34.2%
2021 13.5% 14% 49.3% 37.3%
2020 13.4% 11.6% 52% 40.4%
2019 15.2% 9.72% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 12.2% 9.19% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 11.2% 8.42% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 14.3% 10.6% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 15.9% 10.2% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 13.5% 8.74% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 11.7% 8.26% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 13.2% 7.58% 50.2% 38%
2011 13.5% 7.81% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 15.2% 31.8% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 12.3% 91.6% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 9.94% 80.3% 49.4% 37.9%
2007 7.98% 85.1% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 7.35% 107.5% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 7.5% 112% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 7.18% 164.1% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 8.87% 114.5% 53% 49.5%
2002 4.17% 136% 52.7% 49.9%
2001 4.16% 185.4% 51.7% 52%
2000 2.49% 135% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 2.15% - 55.2% 60.3%
1998 2.78% - 55.6% 65.4%
1997 2.51% - 57.9% 67.7%
1996 2.17% - 60% 68.9%
1995 - - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 - - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, the DR Congo's government spending was $15.6B, accounting for 17.2% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $331B, or 49.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 20.2% in the DR Congo and 34.9% in Sweden, ranking 173/185 and 144/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
DR Congo

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
DR Congo Sweden
2025 -2.75% -1.41%
2024 -1.66% -1.5%
2023 -1.59% -0.63%
2022 -0.87% 1%
2021 -1.58% -0.15%
2020 -3.49% -3.18%
2019 -3.41% 0.44%
2018 -1.35% 0.67%
2017 -0.01% 1.29%
2016 -0.91% 0.86%
2015 -1.2% -0.27%
2014 3.87% -1.84%
2013 3.5% -1.63%
2012 1.93% -1.19%
2011 -0.71% -0.41%
2010 -0.8% -0.14%
2009 1.04% -0.89%
2008 -0.28% 1.87%
2007 1.21% 3.37%
2006 2.09% 2.2%
2005 1.38% 2.08%
2004 -0.17% 0.17%
2003 -3.92% -1.25%
2002 0.89% -1.46%
2001 -1.13% 1.37%
2000 -1.85% 3.11%
1999 -1.35% 0.6%
1998 -1.55% 0.82%
1997 -1.06% -1.57%
1996 -0.56% -3.11%
1995 - -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, the DR Congo's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.51B, equivalent to 2.75% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $9.43B, or 1.41% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, the DR Congo recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 16 years. On average, the DR Congo posted an annual deficit equal to 0.54% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.03% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
DR Congo

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
DR Congo Sweden
2025 - 0.68%
2024 - 2.84%
2023 - 8.55%
2022 - 8.37%
2021 - 2.16%
2020 - 0.5%
2019 - 1.78%
2018 - 1.95%
2017 - 1.79%
2016 2.89% 0.98%
2015 0.74% -0.05%
2014 1.24% -0.18%
2013 0.81% -0.04%
2012 9.72% 0.89%
2011 15.3% 2.96%
2010 7.1% 1.16%
2009 2.8% -0.49%
2008 17.3% 3.44%
2007 16.9% 2.21%
2006 13.1% 1.36%
2005 21.3% 0.45%
2004 3.99% 0.37%
2003 12.9% 1.93%
2002 31.5% 2.16%
2001 360% 2.41%
2000 514% 0.9%
1999 284.9% 0.46%
1998 29.1% -0.27%
1997 198.5% 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 20 years, the DR Congo has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 77.2%, compared with 1.07% in Sweden. In 2016, inflation was 2.89% in the DR Congo and 0.68% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

DR Congo
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $131K
Machinery & equipment $12K
Textiles & consumer goods $10K
Metals $2K
Animal & marine products $1K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $37.3M
Chemicals & pharma $4.77M
Metals $3.85M
Raw materials & minerals $3.77M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.6M
Wood & paper products $892K
Animal & marine products $441K
Precious metals & jewellery $92K
Miscellaneous $48K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3K

Balance of trade

DR Congo Sweden
Current account balance
-$3.94B
2025
$40.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
157/190
2025
15/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.33%
2025
+6.06%
2025
Goods imports
$33B
2025
$201B
2025
Goods exports
$35.9B
2025
$233B
2025
Service imports
$5.02B
2025
$144B
2025
Service exports
$548M
2025
$132B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.9%
2025
51.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.4%
2025
53.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

DR Congo Sweden
Economic freedom 47 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 176/197 14/197
Property rights 15.4 96.2
Government integrity 12.8 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 11.7 95.6
Tax burden 73.8 51.6
Government spending 91.2 28.4
Fiscal health 95.9 97.5
Business freedom 32.3 84.8
Labor freedom 54.2 65.8
Monetary freedom 58.6 78.1
Trade freedom 68.2 79.4
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 20 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

DR Congo
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
DR Congo Sweden
2026 47 77.8
2025 47.3 77.9
2024 47.6 77.5
2023 47.9 77.5
2022 47.6 77.9
2021 49 74.7
2020 49.5 74.9
2019 50.3 75.2
2018 52.1 76.3
2017 56.4 74.9
2016 46.4 72
2015 45 72.7
2014 40.6 73.1
2013 39.6 72.9
2012 41.1 71.7
2011 40.7 71.9
2010 41.4 72.4
2009 42.8 70.5
2008 - 70.8
2007 - 69.3
2006 - 70.9
2005 - 69.8
2004 - 70.1
2003 - 70
2002 - 70.8
2001 - 66.6
2000 34.8 65.1
1999 34 64.2
1998 40.6 64
1997 39.5 63.3
1996 39.5 61.8
1995 41.4 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the DR Congo is 47, ranking 176/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

DR Congo Sweden
Services, % of GDP
48%
2025
67%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
39.7%
2025
21%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.93%
2025
1.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$81.3B
2025
$668B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,850
2025
$76,090
2025
Total reserves including gold
$5.1B
2023
$74.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
102/177
2023
36/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.87B
2025
-$11.1B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$2.92B
2024
$30.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$198M
2024
$29.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.64%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
56.2%
2020
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
31.7%
2025
25.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.