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Economy of Equatorial Guinea vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Equatorial Guinea has a GDP of $12.8B compared to $604B for Sweden, ranking 148/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Equatorial Guinea has $4.65B in government debt (36.4% of GDP), compared to $199B (33% of GDP) in Sweden.

Equatorial Guinea vs Sweden GDP by year

Equatorial Guinea
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Equatorial Guinea Sweden
2024 $12,765,777,677 $603,715,224,266
2023 $12,337,550,584 $578,990,915,246
2022 $13,687,643,436 $575,071,237,641
2021 $12,215,878,033 $631,693,331,301
2020 $9,893,816,008 $544,265,668,452
2019 $11,364,133,550 $530,894,124,494
2018 $13,097,012,134 $549,649,344,043
2017 $12,200,913,879 $535,172,356,785
2016 $11,240,808,848 $513,058,312,951
2015 $13,185,496,881 $501,602,351,912
2014 $21,765,453,082 $577,727,767,304
2013 $21,948,834,284 $584,125,353,119
2012 $22,388,344,144 $549,739,674,655
2011 $21,357,343,669 $570,538,581,144
2010 $16,314,443,436 $492,750,897,239
2009 $15,027,795,173 $434,311,714,442
2008 $19,749,893,536 $514,614,100,833
2007 $13,071,718,759 $490,047,789,548
2006 $10,086,528,699 $422,528,394,459
2005 $8,217,369,093 $391,688,455,929
2004 $4,410,764,339 $384,545,442,175
2003 $2,484,745,935 $334,072,443,516
2002 $1,806,742,742 $267,371,907,447
2001 $1,461,139,022 $242,497,797,485
2000 $1,045,998,496 $262,903,560,280
1999 $621,117,886 $274,318,357,862
1998 $370,687,634 $270,887,306,759
1997 $442,337,871 $268,249,616,891
1996 $232,463,023 $291,949,597,375
1995 $141,853,361 $267,050,453,507
1994 $100,807,003 $228,699,066,874
1993 $136,047,906 $212,644,602,616
1992 $134,707,184 $283,908,914,454
1991 $110,906,029 $273,831,464,572
1990 $112,119,411 $261,466,577,009
1989 $88,265,975 $217,632,340,195
1988 $100,534,657 $206,686,590,776
1987 $93,345,860 $182,744,315,974
1986 $76,407,396 $150,279,869,729
1985 $62,118,570 $113,958,084,357
1984 $50,320,914 $109,043,045,407
1983 $44,442,457 $104,862,109,663
1982 $44,294,648 $114,214,731,799
1981 $36,731,423 $129,498,921,476
1980 $50,642,881 $141,886,067,004
1979 - $123,207,527,699
1978 - $104,290,933,496
1977 $103,987,520 $94,331,782,622
1976 $103,653,050 $89,232,517,046
1975 $104,295,643 $82,765,232,648
1974 $94,159,863 $65,917,634,590
1973 $81,203,227 $59,318,842,992
1972 $65,429,198 $48,883,173,400
1971 $64,946,955 $41,506,151,115
1970 $66,331,429 $38,037,226,668
1969 $67,225,714 $33,967,301,561
1968 $67,514,286 $31,277,871,669
1967 $72,317,447 $29,474,881,506
1966 $69,110,000 $27,154,716,721
1965 $64,748,333 $24,963,947,415
1964 $51,915,000 $22,685,490,195
1963 $44,266,667 $20,342,131,882
1962 $37,253,333 $18,794,066,990
1961 - $17,329,620,585
1960 - $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Equatorial Guinea vs Sweden by year

Equatorial Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Equatorial Guinea Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,745 $17,567 $57,117 $71,845
2023 $6,678 $17,412 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $7,589 $18,140 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $6,946 $16,821 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $5,764 $13,677 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $6,804 $16,451 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $8,102 $18,413 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $7,809 $18,435 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $7,453 $16,649 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $9,069 $19,479 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $15,549 $27,177 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $16,304 $27,910 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $17,309 $30,012 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $17,198 $27,242 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $13,720 $26,168 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $13,233 $29,722 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $18,211 $30,523 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $12,617 $26,611 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $10,185 $23,511 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $8,674 $22,137 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $4,901 $19,354 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $2,931 $14,496 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $2,264 $13,255 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $1,949 $11,627 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $1,487 $7,420 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $931 $6,470 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $578 $5,280 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $717 $4,387 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $392 $1,793 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $248.3 $1,098 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $183.2 $951 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $256.7 $828 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $263.7 $756 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $225.3 $569 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $236.4 $577 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $193.2 - $25,625 -
1988 $228.7 - $24,499 -
1987 $220.9 - $21,761 -
1986 $188.8 - $17,955 -
1985 $161.1 - $13,647 -
1984 $137.9 - $13,080 -
1983 $129.4 - $12,590 -
1982 $137.5 - $13,719 -
1981 $121.1 - $15,564 -
1980 $175.5 - $17,073 -
1979 - - $14,856 -
1978 - - $12,602 -
1977 $376 - $11,432 -
1976 $369 - $10,853 -
1975 $362 - $10,103 -
1974 $319 - $8,078 -
1973 $268.6 - $7,291 -
1972 $211.4 - $6,018 -
1971 $205.6 - $5,125 -
1970 $206.8 - $4,729 -
1969 $208.4 - $4,263 -
1968 $211.7 - $3,953 -
1967 $231.9 - $3,746 -
1966 $226.7 - $3,478 -
1965 $217.1 - $3,228 -
1964 $177.8 - $2,961 -
1963 $154.8 - $2,675 -
1962 $132.9 - $2,485 -
1961 - - $2,304 -
1960 - - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/sweden | CC BY

Equatorial Guinea's GDP per capita is $6,745, ranking 106/197, compared to $57,117 in Sweden, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Equatorial Guinea ranks 106th at $17,567, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Equatorial Guinea Sweden
Gross domestic product
$12.8B
2024
$604B
2024
GDP rank
148/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP growth
0.91%
2023-2024
0.82%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,745
2024
$57,117
2024
GDP per capita rank
106/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,567
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
106/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$4.65B
2024
$199B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
36.4%
2024
33%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,458
2024
$18,842
2024
Government debt per person rank
110/185
2024
32/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,042
2026
$42,066
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
490,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.1%
2022
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.6%
2022
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.5%
2024
49.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.4%
2023-2024
2.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.6%
2014
8.31%
2024
Population
1998075
10680056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Equatorial Guinea
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Equatorial Guinea Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 18.5% 36.4% 49.3% 33%
2023 19.2% 39.1% 48.9% 31.8%
2022 14.8% 29.8% 48.3% 33.9%
2021 12.7% 42.3% 49.3% 37%
2020 16.2% 49.4% 52% 40.2%
2019 16.8% 43.2% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 19.1% 40.6% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 20.1% 36.2% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 27.8% 41.1% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 41.6% 31.7% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 31.6% 12.6% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 29.3% 6.27% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 35.2% 7.1% 50.2% 38%
2011 27.5% 7.17% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 31.2% 7.89% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 39.8% 4.34% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 19.9% 0.49% 49.4% 38%
2007 19.7% 0.75% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 18.1% 1.22% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 14.1% 2.85% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 15.5% 4.54% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 11.8% 6.77% 53% 49.4%
2002 11.3% 19.4% 52.7% 49.8%
2001 13.5% 25.5% 51.7% 52%
2000 22.6% 36.6% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 18.7% 60.5% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 35.1% 59.2% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 14.8% 46.3% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 22.9% 91.2% 60% 68.9%
1995 141.5% 136.9% 62.1% 68.7%
1994 510% 216% 65.3% 68.6%
1993 256.3% 152.6% 67.9% 66.1%
1992 595% 136.9% 66.5% 45.7%
1991 284.5% 169.5% 61.2% 40.2%
1990 212.9% 157% 57.5% 40.3%
1989 116.8% 187% 35.8% 44.8%
1988 227.9% 154.5% 37.9% 50.3%
1987 183% 141.3% 40.9% 56%
1986 119% 152.5% 42.1% 59.5%
1985 115.4% 183.8% 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Equatorial Guinea's government spending was $2.36B, accounting for 18.5% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $298B, or 49.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 36.4% in Equatorial Guinea and 33% in Sweden, ranking 143/185 and 148/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Equatorial Guinea

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Equatorial Guinea Sweden
2024 -0.55% -1.72%
2023 2.39% -0.63%
2022 11.7% 1%
2021 2.65% -0.15%
2020 -1.77% -3.18%
2019 1.82% 0.44%
2018 0.52% 0.67%
2017 -2.59% 1.29%
2016 -10.9% 0.86%
2015 -15.1% -0.27%
2014 -7.54% -1.84%
2013 -4.4% -1.63%
2012 -7.24% -1.19%
2011 0.83% -0.41%
2010 -4.53% -0.14%
2009 -6.47% -0.89%
2008 14.6% 1.87%
2007 17.2% 3.37%
2006 21.8% 2.2%
2005 18.5% 2.08%
2004 9.22% 0.17%
2003 9.99% -1.25%
2002 17.6% -1.46%
2001 14.9% 1.37%
2000 -2.67% 3.11%
1999 -0.19% 0.6%
1998 -7.65% 0.82%
1997 3.21% -1.57%
1996 -6.36% -3.11%
1995 -123.4% -7.01%
1994 -487% -8.77%
1993 -217.9% -10.9%
1992 -557% -8.51%
1991 -236% 0.28%
1990 -160.2% 3.7%
1989 -76.2% 1.5%
1988 -208.5% -0.64%
1987 -158% -2%
1986 -97.3% -6.21%
1985 -89.3% -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Equatorial Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $70.8M, equivalent to 0.55% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $10.4B, or 1.72% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Equatorial Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Equatorial Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to 58.6% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.2% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Equatorial Guinea

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Equatorial Guinea Sweden
2024 3.4% 2.84%
2023 2.4% 8.55%
2022 4.9% 8.37%
2021 -0.1% 2.16%
2020 4.8% 0.5%
2019 1.2% 1.78%
2018 1.3% 1.95%
2017 0.7% 1.79%
2016 1.4% 0.98%
2015 1.7% -0.05%
2014 4.3% -0.18%
2013 3.2% -0.04%
2012 3.4% 0.89%
2011 4.8% 2.96%
2010 5.3% 1.16%
2009 5.7% -0.49%
2008 4.7% 3.44%
2007 2.8% 2.21%
2006 4.5% 1.36%
2005 5.6% 0.45%
2004 4.2% 0.37%
2003 7.3% 1.93%
2002 7.6% 2.16%
2001 8.7% 2.41%
2000 4.8% 0.9%
1999 0.4% 0.46%
1998 7.9% -0.27%
1997 3% 0.66%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Equatorial Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.93%, compared with 1.76% in Sweden. In 2024, inflation was 3.4% in Equatorial Guinea and 2.84% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Equatorial Guinea
Export category Export value
Sweden
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $581K
Chemicals & pharma $231K
Raw materials & minerals $222K
Textiles & consumer goods $222K
Machinery & equipment $110K
Metals $70K

Balance of trade

Equatorial Guinea Sweden
Current account balance
-$344M
1996
$35.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
101/190
1996
17/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-148%
1996
+5.92%
2024
Goods imports
$292M
1996
$188B
2024
Goods exports
$175M
1996
$218B
2024
Service imports
$185M
1996
$126B
2024
Service exports
$4.88M
1996
$116B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.4%
2024
51.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
35.2%
2024
54.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Equatorial Guinea Sweden
Economic freedom 47.4 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 175/197 14/197
Property rights 16.9 96.2
Government integrity 6.9 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 7.2 95.6
Tax burden 81 51.6
Government spending 90.8 28.4
Fiscal health 97.3 97.5
Business freedom 35.9 84.8
Labor freedom 45.2 65.8
Monetary freedom 73.5 78.1
Trade freedom 43.6 79.4
Investment freedom 40 85
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Equatorial Guinea
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Equatorial Guinea Sweden
2026 47.4 77.8
2025 47.7 77.9
2024 47.7 77.5
2023 48.3 77.5
2022 47.2 77.9
2021 49.2 74.7
2020 48.3 74.9
2019 41 75.2
2018 42 76.3
2017 45 74.9
2016 43.7 72
2015 40.4 72.7
2014 44.4 73.1
2013 42.3 72.9
2012 42.8 71.7
2011 47.5 71.9
2010 48.6 72.4
2009 51.3 70.5
2008 51.6 70.8
2007 53.2 69.3
2006 51.5 70.9
2005 53.3 69.8
2004 53.3 70.1
2003 53.1 70
2002 46.4 70.8
2001 47.9 66.6
2000 45.6 65.1
1999 45.1 64.2
1998 - 64
1997 - 63.3
1996 - 61.8
1995 - 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Equatorial Guinea is 47.4, ranking 175/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Equatorial Guinea Sweden
Services, % of GDP
51.1%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
45.8%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.15%
2024
1.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$8.96B
2024
$615B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,330
2024
$75,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.54B
2023
$62.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
134/177
2023
37/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$376M
1996
$2.08B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$188M
2024
$27B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$154M
2024
$29.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
50.7%
2022
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
8.96%
2024
25.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2014, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.