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Economy of Seychelles vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Seychelles has a GDP of $2.17B compared to $604B for Sweden, ranking 178/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Seychelles has $1.25B in government debt (57.6% of GDP), compared to $199B (33% of GDP) in Sweden.

Seychelles vs Sweden GDP by year

Seychelles
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Seychelles Sweden
2024 $2,167,239,562 $603,715,224,266
2023 $2,187,379,755 $578,990,915,246
2022 $2,018,346,589 $575,071,237,641
2021 $1,487,173,795 $631,693,331,301
2020 $1,382,551,752 $544,265,668,452
2019 $1,868,690,097 $530,894,124,494
2018 $1,784,313,927 $549,649,344,043
2017 $1,675,370,641 $535,172,356,785
2016 $1,568,513,348 $513,058,312,951
2015 $1,432,403,352 $501,602,351,912
2014 $1,387,577,870 $577,727,767,304
2013 $1,333,160,407 $584,125,353,119
2012 $1,089,407,839 $549,739,674,655
2011 $1,058,918,707 $570,538,581,144
2010 $981,616,542 $492,750,897,239
2009 $850,901,620 $434,311,714,442
2008 $979,597,394 $514,614,100,833
2007 $1,077,308,814 $490,047,789,548
2006 $1,081,441,283 $422,528,394,459
2005 $977,899,382 $391,688,455,929
2004 $893,012,218 $384,545,442,175
2003 $750,847,230 $334,072,443,516
2002 $742,134,838 $267,371,907,447
2001 $662,064,156 $242,497,797,485
2000 $654,212,394 $262,903,560,280
1999 $662,838,615 $274,318,357,862
1998 $647,287,376 $270,887,306,759
1997 $598,966,982 $268,249,616,891
1996 $535,250,347 $291,949,597,375
1995 $540,733,048 $267,050,453,507
1994 $517,570,058 $228,699,066,874
1993 $504,230,621 $212,644,602,616
1992 $461,409,399 $283,908,914,454
1991 $398,307,170 $273,831,464,572
1990 $392,163,561 $261,466,577,009
1989 $324,333,367 $217,632,340,195
1988 $301,985,618 $206,686,590,776
1987 $265,212,957 $182,744,315,974
1986 $221,147,061 $150,279,869,729
1985 $179,691,483 $113,958,084,357
1984 $160,992,921 $109,043,045,407
1983 $156,098,237 $104,862,109,663
1982 $157,211,790 $114,214,731,799
1981 $163,750,728 $129,498,921,476
1980 $156,783,830 $141,886,067,004
1979 $127,261,099 $123,207,527,699
1978 $85,552,366 $104,290,933,496
1977 $64,526,401 $94,331,782,622
1976 $49,278,982 $89,232,517,046
1975 $47,803,146 $82,765,232,648
1974 $43,134,496 $65,917,634,590
1973 $36,896,280 $59,318,842,992
1972 $30,645,123 $48,883,173,400
1971 $21,965,951 $41,506,151,115
1970 $18,432,032 $38,037,226,668
1969 $16,452,028 $33,967,301,561
1968 $16,074,028 $31,277,871,669
1967 $16,632,032 $29,474,881,506
1966 $16,443,034 $27,154,716,721
1965 $15,603,032 $24,963,947,415
1964 $15,393,032 $22,685,490,195
1963 $13,923,029 $20,342,131,882
1962 $12,642,026 $18,794,066,990
1961 $11,592,024 $17,329,620,585
1960 $12,012,025 $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Seychelles vs Sweden by year

Seychelles
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Seychelles Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $17,859 $33,239 $57,117 $71,845
2023 $18,263 $31,781 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $16,837 $29,973 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $14,983 $29,980 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $14,041 $31,056 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $19,142 $34,219 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $18,440 $32,091 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $17,480 $30,675 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $16,567 $28,811 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $15,333 $25,435 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $15,188 $24,985 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $14,821 $22,487 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $12,337 $22,264 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $12,110 $21,781 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $10,935 $18,982 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $9,747 $18,453 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $11,265 $18,881 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $12,669 $19,473 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $12,783 $17,503 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $11,802 $15,846 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $10,828 $14,160 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $9,070 $14,142 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $8,864 $14,570 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $8,153 $14,615 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $8,064 $14,638 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $8,243 $13,853 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $8,210 $13,675 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $7,747 $13,458 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $7,004 $11,931 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $7,181 $10,809 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $6,975 $10,692 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $6,979 $11,020 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $6,520 $10,243 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $5,655 $9,387 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $5,642 $8,955 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $4,689 - $25,625 -
1988 $4,392 - $24,499 -
1987 $3,872 - $21,761 -
1986 $3,368 - $17,955 -
1985 $2,754 - $13,647 -
1984 $2,488 - $13,080 -
1983 $2,426 - $12,590 -
1982 $2,441 - $13,719 -
1981 $2,557 - $15,564 -
1980 $2,478 - $17,073 -
1979 $2,030 - $14,856 -
1978 $1,377 - $12,602 -
1977 $1,044 - $11,432 -
1976 $814 - $10,853 -
1975 $806 - $10,103 -
1974 $745 - $8,078 -
1973 $649 - $7,291 -
1972 $547 - $6,018 -
1971 $402 - $5,125 -
1970 $344 - $4,729 -
1969 $314 - $4,263 -
1968 $314 - $3,953 -
1967 $333 - $3,746 -
1966 $338 - $3,478 -
1965 $328 - $3,228 -
1964 $332 - $2,961 -
1963 $308 - $2,675 -
1962 $287 - $2,485 -
1961 $270.3 - $2,304 -
1960 $288.1 - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/sweden | CC BY

The Seychelles' GDP per capita is $17,859, ranking 63/197, compared to $57,117 in Sweden, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Seychelles ranks 67th at $33,239, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Seychelles Sweden
Gross domestic product
$2.17B
2024
$604B
2024
GDP rank
178/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP growth
3.47%
2023-2024
0.82%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$17,859
2024
$57,117
2024
GDP per capita rank
63/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$33,239
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
67/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$1.25B
2024
$199B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
57.6%
2024
33%
2024
Government debt per person
$10,288
2024
$18,842
2024
Government debt per person rank
57/185
2024
32/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,944
2026
$42,066
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$811M
2024
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
490,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.9%
2018
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.6%
2018
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.8%
2024
49.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.31%
2023-2024
2.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.75%
2024
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.59%
2024
8.31%
2024
Population
126311
10680056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Seychelles
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Seychelles Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 33.8% 57.6% 49.3% 33%
2023 32.9% 55.3% 48.9% 31.8%
2022 31.3% 60% 48.3% 33.9%
2021 38.8% 71% 49.3% 37%
2020 46.7% 77.4% 52% 40.2%
2019 31.7% 48.9% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 33% 51.3% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 34.3% 56.7% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 34.5% 62.8% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 31.5% 64.7% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 33.4% 70.4% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 37.8% 68.2% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 38.6% 80.1% 50.2% 38%
2011 36.4% 82.5% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 34.6% 82.2% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 32.1% 106.1% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 27% 192.1% 49.4% 38%
2007 41.9% 144% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 43.6% 135.1% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 39% 144.1% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 39.9% 163.2% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 44.6% 177% 53% 49.4%
2002 56.3% 195.9% 52.7% 49.8%
2001 46.8% 199.8% 51.7% 52%
2000 55.4% 177.8% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 56.1% 159.8% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 60.7% 161.2% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 54.7% 143% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 59.1% 146.7% 60% 68.9%
1995 53.1% 133.5% 62.1% 68.7%
1994 63.6% 123.5% 65.3% 68.6%
1993 60.4% 82.2% 67.9% 66.1%
1992 50.7% 79.9% 66.5% 45.7%
1991 52.1% 89.2% 61.2% 40.2%
1990 46.1% 80.4% 57.5% 40.3%
1989 51.7% 39.9% 35.8% 44.8%
1988 46.7% 41.3% 37.9% 50.3%
1987 49.7% 37% 40.9% 56%
1986 58% 31.5% 42.1% 59.5%
1985 53% 26.5% 47.6% 61.2%
1984 50.5% 15.3% 46.7% 57.5%
1983 47.9% 12.4% 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, the Seychelles' government spending was $732M, accounting for 33.8% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $298B, or 49.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 57.6% in the Seychelles and 33% in Sweden, ranking 85/185 and 148/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Seychelles

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Seychelles Sweden
2024 -0.69% -1.72%
2023 -1.14% -0.63%
2022 -0.76% 1%
2021 -5.76% -0.15%
2020 -15.7% -3.18%
2019 0.42% 0.44%
2018 -0.8% 0.67%
2017 -1.67% 1.29%
2016 0.02% 0.86%
2015 1.39% -0.27%
2014 2.87% -1.84%
2013 0.33% -1.63%
2012 2.93% -1.19%
2011 3.36% -0.41%
2010 0.52% -0.14%
2009 4.84% -0.89%
2008 7.88% 1.87%
2007 -9.93% 3.37%
2006 -2.54% 2.2%
2005 0.42% 2.08%
2004 0.44% 0.17%
2003 3.4% -1.25%
2002 -16.3% -1.46%
2001 -8.93% 1.37%
2000 -14.7% 3.11%
1999 -10.3% 0.6%
1998 -16.7% 0.82%
1997 -5.91% -1.57%
1996 -9.69% -3.11%
1995 -2.58% -7.01%
1994 -6.95% -8.77%
1993 -3.62% -10.9%
1992 6.44% -8.51%
1991 3.15% 0.28%
1990 11.9% 3.7%
1989 8.26% 1.5%
1988 11.8% -0.64%
1987 2.77% -2%
1986 -10.1% -6.21%
1985 -4.86% -9.91%
1984 -6.09% -12.1%
1983 -3.13% -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, the Seychelles' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $15M, equivalent to 0.69% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $10.4B, or 1.72% of GDP.

Over the past 42 years, the Seychelles recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, the Seychelles posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.79% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Seychelles

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Seychelles Sweden
2024 0.31% 2.84%
2023 -1.04% 8.55%
2022 2.63% 8.37%
2021 9.77% 2.16%
2020 1.2% 0.5%
2019 1.81% 1.78%
2018 3.7% 1.95%
2017 2.86% 1.79%
2016 -1.02% 0.98%
2015 4.04% -0.05%
2014 1.39% -0.18%
2013 4.34% -0.04%
2012 7.11% 0.89%
2011 2.56% 2.96%
2010 -2.4% 1.16%
2009 31.8% -0.49%
2008 37% 3.44%
2007 5.32% 2.21%
2006 -0.35% 1.36%
2005 0.91% 0.45%
2004 3.86% 0.37%
2003 3.3% 1.93%
2002 0.18% 2.16%
2001 5.97% 2.41%
2000 6.27% 0.9%
1999 6.35% 0.46%
1998 2.58% -0.27%
1997 0.62% 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Seychelles has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 5.03%, compared with 1.76% in Sweden. In 2024, inflation was 0.31% in the Seychelles and 2.84% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Seychelles
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.44M
Precious metals & jewellery $32K
Textiles & consumer goods $12K
Machinery & equipment $6K
Metals $6K
Animal & marine products $3K
Raw materials & minerals $1K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $820K
Chemicals & pharma $84K
Metals $60K
Wood & paper products $50K
Textiles & consumer goods $33K
Precious metals & jewellery $29K
Raw materials & minerals $24K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16K
Miscellaneous $5K
Weapons & explosives $4K

Balance of trade

Seychelles Sweden
Current account balance
-$176M
2024
$35.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
97/190
2024
17/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-8.11%
2024
+5.92%
2024
Goods imports
$1.39B
2024
$188B
2024
Goods exports
$595M
2024
$218B
2024
Service imports
$1B
2024
$126B
2024
Service exports
$1.71B
2024
$116B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
103.2%
2024
51.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
85.2%
2024
54.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Seychelles Sweden
Economic freedom 66.5 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 60/197 14/197
Property rights 82.6 96.2
Government integrity 71.7 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 61.7 95.6
Tax burden 77.3 51.6
Government spending 68 28.4
Fiscal health 92.2 97.5
Business freedom 71.3 84.8
Labor freedom 52 65.8
Monetary freedom 79.8 78.1
Trade freedom 81.2 79.4
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Seychelles
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Seychelles Sweden
2026 66.5 77.8
2025 66.4 77.9
2024 60.4 77.5
2023 59.5 77.5
2022 61.1 77.9
2021 66.3 74.7
2020 64.3 74.9
2019 61.4 75.2
2018 61.6 76.3
2017 61.8 74.9
2016 62.2 72
2015 57.5 72.7
2014 56.2 73.1
2013 54.9 72.9
2012 53 71.7
2011 51.2 71.9
2010 47.9 72.4
2009 47.8 70.5
2008 - 70.8
2007 - 69.3
2006 - 70.9
2005 - 69.8
2004 - 70.1
2003 - 70
2002 - 70.8
2001 - 66.6
2000 - 65.1
1999 - 64.2
1998 - 64
1997 - 63.3
1996 - 61.8
1995 - 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Seychelles is 66.5, ranking 60/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Seychelles Sweden
Services, % of GDP
65.8%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
12.3%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.45%
2024
1.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.12B
2024
$615B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$32,180
2024
$75,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$774M
2024
$62.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
145/177
2024
37/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$262M
2024
$2.08B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$226M
2024
$27B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$35.4M
2024
$29.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.3%
2018
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
25.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.