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Economy of Sweden vs Tanzania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Sweden has a GDP of $604B compared to $78.8B for Tanzania, ranking 26/197 and 82/197 by economy size, respectively.

Sweden has $199B in government debt (33% of GDP), compared to $39.3B (49.9% of GDP) in Tanzania.

Sweden vs Tanzania GDP by year

Sweden
Tanzania
1x
Year GDP, current $
Sweden Tanzania
2024 $603,715,224,266 $78,844,405,385
2023 $578,990,915,246 $79,030,935,627
2022 $575,071,237,641 $75,749,121,843
2021 $631,693,331,301 $70,655,628,148
2020 $544,265,668,452 $66,068,737,786
2019 $530,894,124,494 $61,026,731,926
2018 $549,649,344,043 $57,003,712,892
2017 $535,172,356,785 $53,274,884,533
2016 $513,058,312,951 $49,774,409,374
2015 $501,602,351,912 $47,413,919,817
2014 $577,727,767,304 $49,986,726,461
2013 $584,125,353,119 $45,648,857,242
2012 $549,739,674,655 $39,650,394,363
2011 $570,538,581,144 $34,657,140,096
2010 $492,750,897,239 $32,012,892,919
2009 $434,311,714,442 $29,400,573,554
2008 $514,614,100,833 $27,947,821,398
2007 $490,047,789,548 $21,860,434,823
2006 $422,528,394,459 $18,619,859,795
2005 $391,688,455,929 $18,395,383,647
2004 $384,545,442,175 $16,673,062,473
2003 $334,072,443,516 $15,211,487,709
2002 $267,371,907,447 $14,129,651,896
2001 $242,497,797,485 $13,563,990,022
2000 $262,903,560,280 $13,371,767,082
1999 $274,318,357,862 $12,704,334,196
1998 $270,887,306,759 $12,172,790,056
1997 $268,249,616,891 $11,158,197,942
1996 $291,949,597,375 $9,433,528,150
1995 $267,050,453,507 $7,631,431,840
1994 $228,699,066,874 $6,550,480,484
1993 $212,644,602,616 $6,182,872,708
1992 $283,908,914,454 $6,681,997,469
1991 $273,831,464,572 $7,197,768,159
1990 $261,466,577,009 $6,184,384,225
1989 $217,632,340,195 $6,418,799,007
1988 $206,686,590,776 $7,406,614,407
1987 $182,744,315,974 $7,824,193,222
1986 $150,279,869,729 $10,840,864,521
1985 $113,958,084,357 $15,328,295,175
1984 $109,043,045,407 $12,906,635,133
1983 $104,862,109,663 $14,049,883,809
1982 $114,214,731,799 $13,927,383,240
1981 $129,498,921,476 $13,161,540,378
1980 $141,886,067,004 $11,409,228,087
1979 $123,207,527,699 $9,804,637,491
1978 $104,290,933,496 $9,261,675,710
1977 $94,331,782,622 $7,732,598,995
1976 $89,232,517,046 $6,472,511,988
1975 $82,765,232,648 $5,729,917,840
1974 $65,917,634,590 $4,977,337,978
1973 $59,318,842,992 $4,144,104,535
1972 $48,883,173,400 $3,472,787,266
1971 $41,506,151,115 $3,050,673,517
1970 $38,037,226,668 $2,851,419,386
1969 $33,967,301,561 $5,142,066,811
1968 $31,277,871,669 $4,895,251,824
1967 $29,474,881,506 $4,565,132,048
1966 $27,154,716,721 $4,377,998,825
1965 $24,963,947,415 $3,817,226,546
1964 $22,685,490,195 $3,748,840,925
1963 $20,342,131,882 $3,456,579,293
1962 $18,794,066,990 $3,101,589,993
1961 $17,329,620,585 $2,826,179,031
1960 $15,930,075,467 $2,651,729,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/tanzania | CC BY

GDP per capita in Sweden vs Tanzania by year

Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tanzania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Sweden Tanzania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $57,117 $71,845 $1,150 $4,221
2023 $54,950 $69,226 $1,186 $4,019
2022 $54,837 $67,076 $1,171 $3,800
2021 $60,648 $62,732 $1,125 $3,493
2020 $52,569 $57,489 $1,084 $3,291
2019 $51,649 $57,046 $1,031 $2,982
2018 $54,018 $53,122 $992 $2,728
2017 $53,210 $51,474 $957 $2,472
2016 $51,704 $50,290 $925 $2,435
2015 $51,188 $48,772 $911 $2,317
2014 $59,583 $46,841 $993 $2,221
2013 $60,844 $46,098 $935 $2,176
2012 $57,750 $45,207 $837 $2,083
2011 $60,379 $44,333 $753 $2,211
2010 $52,543 $41,951 $715 $2,069
2009 $46,708 $40,094 $674 $1,972
2008 $55,817 $41,907 $657 $1,908
2007 $53,568 $40,813 $528 $1,820
2006 $46,531 $37,672 $462 $1,707
2005 $43,378 $34,198 $469 $1,598
2004 $42,758 $33,805 $438 $1,482
2003 $37,292 $31,788 $410 $1,379
2002 $29,958 $30,987 $391 $1,302
2001 $27,259 $29,946 $385 $1,229
2000 $29,633 $29,636 $390 $1,164
1999 $30,969 $27,496 $382 $1,120
1998 $30,605 $25,897 $375 $1,082
1997 $30,324 $24,817 $353 $1,059
1996 $33,022 $23,952 $305 $1,026
1995 $30,254 $23,084 $251.2 $981
1994 $26,046 $21,835 $222.5 $958
1993 $24,390 $20,700 $218.2 $959
1992 $32,753 $20,767 $243.4 $955
1991 $31,777 $20,663 $268.8 $952
1990 $30,549 $20,357 $236.9 $925
1989 $25,625 - $252.3 -
1988 $24,499 - $299 -
1987 $21,761 - $326 -
1986 $17,955 - $466 -
1985 $13,647 - $681 -
1984 $13,080 - $593 -
1983 $12,590 - $667 -
1982 $13,719 - $683 -
1981 $15,564 - $665 -
1980 $17,073 - $595 -
1979 $14,856 - $527 -
1978 $12,602 - $515 -
1977 $11,432 - $446 -
1976 $10,853 - $387 -
1975 $10,103 - $355 -
1974 $8,078 - $320 -
1973 $7,291 - $276.1 -
1972 $6,018 - $239.8 -
1971 $5,125 - $218.4 -
1970 $4,729 - $211.3 -
1969 $4,263 - $394 -
1968 $3,953 - $388 -
1967 $3,746 - $374 -
1966 $3,478 - $370 -
1965 $3,228 - $333 -
1964 $2,961 - $337 -
1963 $2,675 - $320 -
1962 $2,485 - $295.7 -
1961 $2,304 - $277.4 -
1960 $2,128 - $267.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/tanzania | CC BY

Sweden's GDP per capita is $57,117, ranking 17/197, compared to $1,150 in Tanzania, ranking 170/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845, while Tanzania ranks 165th at $4,221.

Economic indicators

Sweden Tanzania
Gross domestic product
$604B
2024
$78.8B
2024
GDP rank
26/197
2024
82/197
2024
GDP growth
0.82%
2023-2024
5.53%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$57,117
2024
$1,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
17/197
2024
170/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$71,845
2024
$4,221
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
23/197
2024
165/197
2024
Government debt
$199B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
33%
2024
49.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$18,842
2024
$573
2024
Government debt per person rank
32/185
2024
160/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$42,066
2026
$2,309
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$290B
2003
$7.32B
2024
Number of millionaires
490,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
45
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.3%
2023
33.1%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.9%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.3%
2024
19.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.84%
2023-2024
3.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.75%
2025
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
8.31%
2024
2.43%
2024
Population
10680056
73145892

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Sweden
Spending

Debt
Tanzania
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Sweden Tanzania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 49.3% 33% 19.1% 49.9%
2023 48.9% 31.8% 19% 47.8%
2022 48.3% 33.9% 19.1% 44.9%
2021 49.3% 37% 18.4% 43.4%
2020 52% 40.2% 17.4% 41.3%
2019 48.8% 35.8% 17.3% 40.4%
2018 49.8% 39.9% 17.3% 42%
2017 49.2% 41.6% 16.4% 40.1%
2016 49.5% 42.9% 16.9% 39.8%
2015 49.4% 44.5% 17.2% 39.5%
2014 50.7% 45.7% 17.3% 36.4%
2013 51.4% 40.8% 18.8% 32.7%
2012 50.2% 38% 19.6% 30%
2011 49.1% 37.7% 19% 28.4%
2010 49.7% 38.6% 19.8% 27.6%
2009 51.7% 41.2% 19.6% 23.9%
2008 49.4% 38% 18.1% 21.6%
2007 48.5% 39.2% 17.8% 23.8%
2006 50.1% 43.8% 17.6% 17.4%
2005 51.2% 48.9% 18.3% 25.4%
2004 51.7% 48.7% 17% 44.5%
2003 53% 49.4% 15.4% 44.4%
2002 52.7% 49.8% 13.6% 47.4%
2001 51.7% 52% 12.4% 50.8%
2000 52.2% 50.4% 12.3% 55.4%
1999 55.2% 60.3% 12.8% 62.9%
1998 55.6% 65.4% 11.4% 62.2%
1997 57.9% 67.7% 12.8% 73.4%
1996 60% 68.9% 13.4% 89.6%
1995 62.1% 68.7% 15.6% 111.1%
1994 65.3% 68.6% 16.8% 126%
1993 67.9% 66.1% 16.4% 129.2%
1992 66.5% 45.7% 17.6% 117.6%
1991 61.2% 40.2% 14.2% 106.5%
1990 57.5% 40.3% - -
1989 35.8% 44.8% - -
1988 37.9% 50.3% - -
1987 40.9% 56% - -
1986 42.1% 59.5% - -
1985 47.6% 61.2% - -
1984 46.7% 57.5% - -
1983 48.6% 54.5% - -
1982 46.4% 47.9% - -
1981 46.1% 41.5% - -
1980 41% 34.4% - -
1979 39.9% 28.3% - -
1978 39.1% 24% - -
1977 35.7% 21% - -
1976 32.3% 19% - -
1975 30.6% 19.9% - -
1974 30.1% 19.4% - -
1973 31.1% 18% - -
1972 31.9% 17.2% - -
1971 29.8% 16.9% - -
1970 29.5% 16.9% - -
1969 28.7% 17.6% - -
1968 28.3% 17.6% - -
1967 27.7% 16.1% - -
1966 26.5% 15.3% - -
1965 24.6% 17% - -
1964 23.4% 18.7% - -
1963 24.4% 20.7% - -
1962 23.4% 23% - -
1961 23.7% 26% - -
1960 24.4% 28.6% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Sweden's government spending was $298B, accounting for 49.3% of its GDP, while Tanzania spent $15.1B, or 19.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 33% in Sweden and 49.9% in Tanzania, ranking 148/185 and 109/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Sweden

Tanzania
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Sweden Tanzania
2024 -1.72% -3.03%
2023 -0.63% -3.67%
2022 1% -3.92%
2021 -0.15% -3.55%
2020 -3.18% -2.56%
2019 0.44% -2.06%
2018 0.67% -2.01%
2017 1.29% -1.14%
2016 0.86% -2.08%
2015 -0.27% -3.17%
2014 -1.84% -2.91%
2013 -1.63% -3.76%
2012 -1.19% -4%
2011 -0.41% -3.51%
2010 -0.14% -4.74%
2009 -0.89% -4.46%
2008 1.87% -1.92%
2007 3.37% -1.44%
2006 2.2% -3.38%
2005 2.08% -3.28%
2004 0.17% -2.43%
2003 -1.25% -1.77%
2002 -1.46% -0.73%
2001 1.37% -0.41%
2000 3.11% -0.73%
1999 0.6% -1.14%
1998 0.82% 0.13%
1997 -1.57% -0.03%
1996 -3.11% 1.57%
1995 -7.01% -2.12%
1994 -8.77% -3.74%
1993 -10.9% -2.02%
1992 -8.51% -4.96%
1991 0.28% 0.6%
1990 3.7% -
1989 1.5% -
1988 -0.64% -
1987 -2% -
1986 -6.21% -
1985 -9.91% -
1984 -12.1% -
1983 -15.1% -
1982 -13.4% -
1981 -12.8% -
1980 -11.5% -
1979 -9.95% -
1978 -7.32% -
1977 -3.32% -
1976 -1.27% -
1975 -4.05% -
1974 -4.12% -
1973 -3.28% -
1972 -2.17% -
1971 -1.67% -
1970 -2.64% -
1969 -2.03% -
1968 -2.37% -
1967 -1.41% -
1966 -0.33% -
1965 -0.17% -
1964 -0.1% -
1963 0.41% -
1962 0.7% -
1961 0.56% -
1960 -2.67% -
1959 -2.53% -
1958 -2.31% -
1957 -2.1% -
1956 -1.21% -
1955 -1.72% -
1954 -1.52% -
1953 -2.47% -
1952 -0.16% -
1951 -0.9% -
1950 -1.64% -
1949 -0.74% -
1948 0.29% -
1947 -1.08% -
1946 -0.61% -
1945 -8.04% -
1944 -8.66% -
1943 -10.7% -
1942 -11.8% -
1941 -13.1% -
1940 -8.16% -
1939 -1.13% -
1938 -0.07% -
1937 0.46% -
1936 -0.64% -
1935 -2.19% -
1934 -1.88% -
1933 -4.1% -
1932 -1.56% -
1931 -0.05% -
1930 0.09% -
1929 -0.39% -
1928 -0.06% -
1927 -1.14% -
1926 -1.11% -
1925 -1.44% -
1924 -0.99% -
1923 -1.65% -
1922 -3.17% -
1921 -3.55% -
1920 -0.6% -
1919 0.17% -
1918 -8.59% -
1917 -0.26% -
1916 -0.23% -
1915 -0.94% -
1914 -0.55% -
1913 -0.17% -
1912 -0.51% -
1911 -0.87% -
1910 -0.81% -
1909 -2.08% -
1908 -2.27% -
1907 -0.68% -
1906 -0.66% -
1905 -0.34% -
1904 -0.56% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 -1.57% -
1901 -1.34% -
1900 -0.32% -
1899 0.57% -
1898 0.91% -
1897 1.09% -
1896 -0.59% -
1895 1% -
1894 0.47% -
1893 -0.49% -
1892 -0.68% -
1891 -0.6% -
1890 0.33% -
1889 0.19% -
1888 -0.05% -
1887 -1.5% -
1886 -0.98% -
1885 -0.08% -
1884 0.24% -
1883 0.16% -
1882 0.36% -
1881 -0.17% -
1880 -0.47% -
1879 -1.89% -
1878 -2.04% -
1877 -1.21% -
1876 -1.07% -
1875 -1.26% -
1874 -1.05% -
1873 0.06% -
1872 -0.15% -
1871 0.22% -
1870 -0.42% -
1869 -1.52% -
1868 -1.67% -
1867 -1.17% -
1866 -3.01% -
1865 -2.02% -
1864 -2.3% -
1863 -1.58% -
1862 -1.35% -
1861 -1.11% -
1860 -2.03% -
1859 -2.17% -
1858 -2.36% -
1857 -0.62% -
1856 -0.08% -
1855 -0.09% -
1854 -0.19% -
1853 0.17% -
1852 -0.31% -
1851 -0.07% -
1850 0.004% -
1849 0.09% -
1848 0.12% -
1847 0.08% -
1846 0.13% -
1845 0.04% -
1844 0.009% -
1843 0.05% -
1842 -0.12% -
1841 0.06% -
1840 -0.01% -
1839 -0.006% -
1838 0.09% -
1837 -0.38% -
1836 -0.08% -
1835 0.08% -
1834 -0.12% -
1833 0.09% -
1832 0.01% -
1831 -0.1% -
1830 -0.45% -
1829 2.7% -
1828 0.03% -
1827 -0.16% -
1826 0.37% -
1825 0.18% -
1824 -0.23% -
1823 0.37% -
1822 -0.03% -
1821 -0.49% -
1820 0.26% -
1819 0.09% -
1818 0.35% -
1817 0.35% -
1816 0.16% -
1815 2.34% -
1814 -0.45% -
1813 -0.37% -
1812 3.47% -
1811 -0.48% -
1810 -3.05% -
1809 -7.65% -
1808 -5.04% -
1807 0.1% -
1806 0.55% -
1805 0.52% -
1804 -0.25% -
1803 11.6% -
1802 2.17% -
1801 0.01% -
1800 -0.44% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Sweden's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $10.4B, equivalent to 1.72% of GDP. This compares to Tanzania's deficit of $2.39B, or 3.03% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Sweden recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Tanzania ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Sweden posted an annual deficit equal to 1.01% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.3% of GDP for Tanzania.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Sweden

Tanzania
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Sweden Tanzania
2024 2.84% 3.06%
2023 8.55% 3.8%
2022 8.37% 4.35%
2021 2.16% 3.69%
2020 0.5% 3.29%
2019 1.78% 3.46%
2018 1.95% 3.49%
2017 1.79% 5.32%
2016 0.98% 5.17%
2015 -0.05% 5.59%
2014 -0.18% 6.13%
2013 -0.04% 7.87%
2012 0.89% 16%
2011 2.96% 12.7%
2010 1.16% 6.2%
2009 -0.49% 12.1%
2008 3.44% 10.3%
2007 2.21% 7.03%
2006 1.36% 7.25%
2005 0.45% 5.03%
2004 0.37% 4.74%
2003 1.93% 5.3%
2002 2.16% 5.32%
2001 2.41% 5.15%
2000 0.9% 5.92%
1999 0.46% 7.89%
1998 -0.27% 12.8%
1997 0.66% 16.1%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/tanzania | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Sweden has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.76%, compared with 6.97% in Tanzania. In 2024, inflation was 2.84% in Sweden and 3.06% in Tanzania.

Top exports between countries

Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $39.7M
Chemicals & pharma $7.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.41M
Metals $2.5M
Raw materials & minerals $2.1M
Wood & paper products $1.02M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $40K
Weapons & explosives $34K
Miscellaneous $24K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Tanzania
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $3.98M
Raw agricultural goods $1.38M
Machinery & equipment $162K
Animal & marine products $64K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $50K
Textiles & consumer goods $22K
Wood & paper products $10K
Precious metals & jewellery $8K
Metals $2K
Chemicals & pharma $1K

Balance of trade

Sweden Tanzania
Current account balance
$35.8B
2024
-$2.38B
2024
Current account balance ranking
17/190
2024
147/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.92%
2024
-3.02%
2024
Goods imports
$188B
2024
$14.2B
2024
Goods exports
$218B
2024
$9.12B
2024
Service imports
$126B
2024
$2.8B
2024
Service exports
$116B
2024
$6.85B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
51.6%
2024
21.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.3%
2024
19.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Sweden Tanzania
Economic freedom 77.8 59
Economic freedom ranking 14/197 106/197
Property rights 96.2 45.2
Government integrity 91.6 40.9
Judicial effectiveness 95.6 29.6
Tax burden 51.6 80.4
Government spending 28.4 89.1
Fiscal health 97.5 75
Business freedom 84.8 48.1
Labor freedom 65.8 62.3
Monetary freedom 78.1 73.4
Trade freedom 79.4 58.8
Investment freedom 85 55
Financial freedom 80 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Sweden
Tanzania
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Sweden Tanzania
2026 77.8 59
2025 77.9 59.3
2024 77.5 59.1
2023 77.5 60
2022 77.9 59.5
2021 74.7 61.3
2020 74.9 61.7
2019 75.2 60.2
2018 76.3 59.9
2017 74.9 58.6
2016 72 58.5
2015 72.7 57.5
2014 73.1 57.8
2013 72.9 57.9
2012 71.7 57
2011 71.9 57
2010 72.4 58.3
2009 70.5 58.3
2008 70.8 56.5
2007 69.3 56.8
2006 70.9 58.5
2005 69.8 56.3
2004 70.1 60.1
2003 70 56.9
2002 70.8 58.3
2001 66.6 54.9
2000 65.1 56
1999 64.2 60
1998 64 59.6
1997 63.3 59.3
1996 61.8 57.5
1995 61.4 57.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/tanzania | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Sweden is 77.8, ranking 14/197, compared to 59 for Tanzania, ranking 106/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Sweden Tanzania
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2024
29.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
21.7%
2024
28.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.42%
2024
23.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$615B
2024
$80.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$75,000
2024
$4,130
2024
Total reserves including gold
$62.6B
2024
$5.05B
2018
Total reserves ranking
37/177
2024
101/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
$2.08B
2024
-$1.72B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27B
2024
$1.72B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$29.6B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.57%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.1%
2022
26.4%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.4%
2024
39.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/tanzania | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.