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Economy of Dominica vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Dominica has a GDP of $689M compared to $604B for Sweden, ranking 190/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Dominica has $713M in government debt (103.5% of GDP), compared to $199B (33% of GDP) in Sweden.

Dominica vs Sweden GDP by year

Dominica
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominica Sweden
2024 $688,881,481 $603,715,224,266
2023 $659,311,111 $578,990,915,246
2022 $623,062,963 $575,071,237,641
2021 $562,911,111 $631,693,331,301
2020 $528,944,444 $544,265,668,452
2019 $644,259,259 $530,894,124,494
2018 $628,244,444 $549,649,344,043
2017 $563,355,556 $535,172,356,785
2016 $612,711,111 $513,058,312,951
2015 $583,177,778 $501,602,351,912
2014 $572,255,556 $577,727,767,304
2013 $545,325,926 $584,125,353,119
2012 $520,355,556 $549,739,674,655
2011 $532,081,481 $570,538,581,144
2010 $519,859,259 $492,750,897,239
2009 $515,618,519 $434,311,714,442
2008 $480,003,704 $514,614,100,833
2007 $444,685,185 $490,047,789,548
2006 $416,674,074 $422,528,394,459
2005 $391,455,556 $391,688,455,929
2004 $396,711,111 $384,545,442,175
2003 $373,318,519 $334,072,443,516
2002 $375,200,000 $267,371,907,447
2001 $377,462,963 $242,497,797,485
2000 $333,470,370 $262,903,560,280
1999 $331,759,259 $274,318,357,862
1998 $322,411,111 $270,887,306,759
1997 $302,988,889 $268,249,616,891
1996 $292,285,185 $291,949,597,375
1995 $274,522,222 $267,050,453,507
1994 $264,374,074 $228,699,066,874
1993 $245,525,926 $212,644,602,616
1992 $234,059,259 $283,908,914,454
1991 $219,762,963 $273,831,464,572
1990 $201,429,630 $261,466,577,009
1989 $185,137,243 $217,632,340,195
1988 $171,106,184 $206,686,590,776
1987 $151,868,754 $182,744,315,974
1986 $135,161,959 $150,279,869,729
1985 $119,491,933 $113,958,084,357
1984 $109,157,071 $109,043,045,407
1983 $98,665,191 $104,862,109,663
1982 $89,527,577 $114,214,731,799
1981 $82,107,391 $129,498,921,476
1980 $72,804,653 $141,886,067,004
1979 $55,017,759 $123,207,527,699
1978 $57,130,216 $104,290,933,496
1977 $45,872,947 $94,331,782,622
1976 - $89,232,517,046
1975 - $82,765,232,648
1974 - $65,917,634,590
1973 - $59,318,842,992
1972 - $48,883,173,400
1971 - $41,506,151,115
1970 - $38,037,226,668
1969 - $33,967,301,561
1968 - $31,277,871,669
1967 - $29,474,881,506
1966 - $27,154,716,721
1965 - $24,963,947,415
1964 - $22,685,490,195
1963 - $20,342,131,882
1962 - $18,794,066,990
1961 - $17,329,620,585
1960 - $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominica vs Sweden by year

Dominica
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominica Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,405 $21,301 $57,117 $71,845
2023 $9,913 $20,286 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $9,324 $18,802 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $8,376 $15,809 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $7,828 $14,244 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $9,491 $16,021 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $9,215 $15,070 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $8,225 $12,696 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $8,803 $12,945 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $8,283 $12,093 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $8,132 $12,083 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $7,822 $11,286 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $7,529 $10,921 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $7,705 $11,123 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $7,550 $10,924 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $7,487 $10,804 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $6,971 $10,862 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $6,459 $9,949 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $6,056 $9,200 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $5,695 $8,557 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $5,779 $8,232 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $5,447 $7,714 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $5,488 $7,167 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $5,528 $7,291 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $4,867 $7,111 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $4,817 $6,759 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $4,664 $6,617 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $4,372 $6,290 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $4,211 $6,041 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $3,952 $5,749 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $3,805 $5,465 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $3,536 $5,352 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $3,376 $5,125 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $3,171 $4,914 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $2,893 $4,667 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $2,639 - $25,625 -
1988 $2,423 - $24,499 -
1987 $2,138 - $21,761 -
1986 $1,893 - $17,955 -
1985 $1,666 - $13,647 -
1984 $1,515 - $13,080 -
1983 $1,363 - $12,590 -
1982 $1,232 - $13,719 -
1981 $1,125 - $15,564 -
1980 $996 - $17,073 -
1979 $754 - $14,856 -
1978 $786 - $12,602 -
1977 $634 - $11,432 -
1976 - - $10,853 -
1975 - - $10,103 -
1974 - - $8,078 -
1973 - - $7,291 -
1972 - - $6,018 -
1971 - - $5,125 -
1970 - - $4,729 -
1969 - - $4,263 -
1968 - - $3,953 -
1967 - - $3,746 -
1966 - - $3,478 -
1965 - - $3,228 -
1964 - - $2,961 -
1963 - - $2,675 -
1962 - - $2,485 -
1961 - - $2,304 -
1960 - - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/sweden | CC BY

Dominica's GDP per capita is $10,405, ranking 84/197, compared to $57,117 in Sweden, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Dominica ranks 91st at $21,301, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Dominica Sweden
Gross domestic product
$689M
2024
$604B
2024
GDP rank
190/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP growth
2.05%
2023-2024
0.82%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,405
2024
$57,117
2024
GDP per capita rank
84/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$21,301
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
91/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$713M
2024
$199B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
103.5%
2024
33%
2024
Government debt per person
$10,765
2024
$18,842
2024
Government debt per person rank
55/185
2024
32/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,045
2026
$42,066
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
490,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
60.9%
2024
49.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.57%
2023-2024
2.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
11%
2001
8.31%
2024
Population
65539
10680056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominica
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominica Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 60.9% 103.5% 49.3% 33%
2023 66.8% 103.2% 48.9% 31.8%
2022 72.7% 108.3% 48.3% 33.9%
2021 70.1% 113.6% 49.3% 37%
2020 70.1% 118.2% 52% 40.2%
2019 44% 89.1% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 66.7% 90% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 55.7% 86.7% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 45.8% 72.9% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 33.5% 71.1% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 33.3% 73.5% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 34.2% 75.6% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 36.6% 74% 50.2% 38%
2011 34.7% 68.6% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 39.7% 67.3% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 36.1% 62.8% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 35.9% 66.5% 49.4% 38%
2007 35.6% 74.9% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 30.9% 80.4% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 32.1% 84.9% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 30.1% 85.8% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 31.2% 98.2% 53% 49.4%
2002 29% 99.4% 52.7% 49.8%
2001 29.3% 97.5% 51.7% 52%
2000 38.9% 69.6% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 35.3% 62% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 33.5% 57.1% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 29.1% 49.3% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 29% 54.7% 60% 68.9%
1995 29.7% 59.3% 62.1% 68.7%
1994 27.7% 57% 65.3% 68.6%
1993 26.1% 55.4% 67.9% 66.1%
1992 28% 55.3% 66.5% 45.7%
1991 29.9% 58.7% 61.2% 40.2%
1990 32.9% 56.6% 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Dominica's government spending was $420M, accounting for 60.9% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $298B, or 49.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 103.5% in Dominica and 33% in Sweden, ranking 20/185 and 148/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominica

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominica Sweden
2024 -2.28% -1.72%
2023 -4.66% -0.63%
2022 -7.49% 1%
2021 -8.61% -0.15%
2020 -7.91% -3.18%
2019 -7.95% 0.44%
2018 -18.1% 0.67%
2017 -3.37% 1.29%
2016 11% 0.86%
2015 11.8% -0.27%
2014 -5.65% -1.84%
2013 -2.95% -1.63%
2012 -5.48% -1.19%
2011 -4.34% -0.41%
2010 -3.41% -0.14%
2009 -0.31% -0.89%
2008 0.72% 1.87%
2007 1.88% 3.37%
2006 3.04% 2.2%
2005 0.98% 2.08%
2004 -0.67% 0.17%
2003 0.88% -1.25%
2002 -4.13% -1.46%
2001 -6.48% 1.37%
2000 -8.75% 3.11%
1999 -9.2% 0.6%
1998 -6.08% 0.82%
1997 -2.31% -1.57%
1996 -1.62% -3.11%
1995 -2.97% -7.01%
1994 -3.42% -8.77%
1993 -1.46% -10.9%
1992 -2.28% -8.51%
1991 -3.08% 0.28%
1990 -4.87% 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Dominica's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $15.7M, equivalent to 2.28% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $10.4B, or 1.72% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Dominica recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Dominica posted an annual deficit equal to 3.13% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.88% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominica

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominica Sweden
2024 2.57% 2.84%
2023 5.09% 8.55%
2022 2.88% 8.37%
2021 2.23% 2.16%
2020 1.22% 0.5%
2019 1.5% 1.78%
2018 0.99% 1.95%
2017 0.3% 1.79%
2016 0.14% 0.98%
2015 -0.84% -0.05%
2014 0.8% -0.18%
2013 -0.05% -0.04%
2012 1.36% 0.89%
2011 1.13% 2.96%
2010 3% 1.16%
2009 0.006% -0.49%
2008 6.36% 3.44%
2007 3.63% 2.21%
2006 2.2% 1.36%
2005 1.68% 0.45%
2004 2.39% 0.37%
2003 1.45% 1.93%
2002 0.17% 2.16%
2001 1.3% 2.41%
2000 0.86% 0.9%
1999 1.18% 0.46%
1998 1% -0.27%
1997 2.44% 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Dominica has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.68%, compared with 1.76% in Sweden. In 2024, inflation was 2.57% in Dominica and 2.84% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Dominica
Export category Export value
Sweden
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $248K
Machinery & equipment $243K
Metals $27K
Textiles & consumer goods $27K
Chemicals & pharma $7K
Raw materials & minerals $3K
Miscellaneous $2K

Balance of trade

Dominica Sweden
Current account balance
-$160M
2024
$35.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
94/190
2024
17/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-23.2%
2024
+5.92%
2024
Goods imports
$231M
2024
$188B
2024
Goods exports
$22M
2024
$218B
2024
Service imports
$157M
2024
$126B
2024
Service exports
$191M
2024
$116B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
51.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
8.5%
2025
54.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominica Sweden
Economic freedom 56.1 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 124/197 14/197
Property rights 65.8 96.2
Government integrity 61.2 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 77.3 95.6
Tax burden 76.1 51.6
Government spending 0 28.4
Fiscal health 45.6 97.5
Business freedom 66.2 84.8
Labor freedom 49.8 65.8
Monetary freedom 77.7 78.1
Trade freedom 53.2 79.4
Investment freedom 60 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominica
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominica Sweden
2026 56.1 77.8
2025 55.3 77.9
2024 54 77.5
2023 59.7 77.5
2022 54.4 77.9
2021 53 74.7
2020 60.8 74.9
2019 63.6 75.2
2018 64.5 76.3
2017 63.7 74.9
2016 67 72
2015 66.1 72.7
2014 65.2 73.1
2013 63.9 72.9
2012 61.6 71.7
2011 63.3 71.9
2010 63.2 72.4
2009 62.6 70.5
2008 - 70.8
2007 - 69.3
2006 - 70.9
2005 - 69.8
2004 - 70.1
2003 - 70
2002 - 70.8
2001 - 66.6
2000 - 65.1
1999 - 64.2
1998 - 64
1997 - 63.3
1996 - 61.8
1995 - 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Dominica is 56.1, ranking 124/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominica Sweden
Services, % of GDP
56.9%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
13.9%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
12.2%
2024
1.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$677M
2024
$615B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,410
2024
$75,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$156M
2024
$62.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
172/177
2024
37/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$36.4M
2024
$2.08B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$60M
2024
$27B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$401K
2024
$29.6B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
9.52%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
29%
2020
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
25.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.