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Economy of Mauritius vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Mauritius has a GDP of $14.9B compared to $604B for Sweden, ranking 143/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mauritius has $13.6B in government debt (91.1% of GDP), compared to $199B (33% of GDP) in Sweden.

Mauritius vs Sweden GDP by year

Mauritius
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Mauritius Sweden
2024 $14,937,861,786 $603,715,224,266
2023 $14,072,212,290 $578,990,915,246
2022 $12,936,444,123 $575,071,237,641
2021 $11,622,048,697 $631,693,331,301
2020 $11,566,111,138 $544,265,668,452
2019 $14,645,235,205 $530,894,124,494
2018 $14,957,535,716 $549,649,344,043
2017 $13,896,938,315 $535,172,356,785
2016 $12,757,680,847 $513,058,312,951
2015 $12,162,211,503 $501,602,351,912
2014 $13,230,490,082 $577,727,767,304
2013 $12,434,596,541 $584,125,353,119
2012 $11,832,323,837 $549,739,674,655
2011 $11,677,718,382 $570,538,581,144
2010 $10,144,716,155 $492,750,897,239
2009 $9,264,513,545 $434,311,714,442
2008 $10,127,777,060 $514,614,100,833
2007 $8,277,442,915 $490,047,789,548
2006 $7,137,710,413 $422,528,394,459
2005 $6,576,108,447 $391,688,455,929
2004 $6,667,418,752 $384,545,442,175
2003 $5,894,873,920 $334,072,443,516
2002 $4,906,494,249 $267,371,907,447
2001 $4,675,755,867 $242,497,797,485
2000 $4,726,108,622 $262,903,560,280
1999 $4,402,193,195 $274,318,357,862
1998 $4,225,813,976 $270,887,306,759
1997 $4,243,755,308 $268,249,616,891
1996 $4,481,489,762 $291,949,597,375
1995 $4,094,741,652 $267,050,453,507
1994 $3,606,050,873 $228,699,066,874
1993 $3,307,302,126 $212,644,602,616
1992 $3,267,677,814 $283,908,914,454
1991 $2,895,354,736 $273,831,464,572
1990 $2,689,212,760 $261,466,577,009
1989 $2,211,312,823 $217,632,340,195
1988 $2,163,252,449 $206,686,590,776
1987 $1,906,174,438 $182,744,315,974
1986 $1,482,601,552 $150,279,869,729
1985 $1,090,611,325 $113,958,084,357
1984 $1,054,564,759 $109,043,045,407
1983 $1,104,956,573 $104,862,109,663
1982 $1,092,923,636 $114,214,731,799
1981 $1,157,769,444 $129,498,921,476
1980 $1,147,027,924 $141,886,067,004
1979 $1,227,446,632 $123,207,527,699
1978 $1,029,040,323 $104,290,933,496
1977 $834,722,972 $94,331,782,622
1976 $713,510,052 $89,232,517,046
1975 $673,311,287 $82,765,232,648
1974 $669,894,030 $65,917,634,590
1973 $404,285,775 $59,318,842,992
1972 $318,664,900 $48,883,173,400
1971 $251,437,338 $41,506,151,115
1970 $224,125,805 $38,037,226,668
1969 $221,553,613 $33,967,301,561
1968 $206,576,631 $31,277,871,669
1967 $238,439,291 $29,474,881,506
1966 $227,534,083 $27,154,716,721
1965 $230,024,161 $24,963,947,415
1964 $218,914,569 $22,685,490,195
1963 $253,839,558 $20,342,131,882
1962 $197,738,208 $18,794,066,990
1961 $191,757,729 $17,329,620,585
1960 $162,089,564 $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mauritius/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Mauritius vs Sweden by year

Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Mauritius Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $11,991 $31,840 $57,117 $71,845
2023 $11,270 $29,561 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $10,247 $26,874 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $9,178 $23,010 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $9,136 $21,622 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $11,568 $24,375 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $11,819 $23,416 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $10,987 $22,898 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $10,095 $21,952 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $9,631 $20,270 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $10,490 $19,294 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $9,877 $18,435 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $9,422 $17,259 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $9,324 $16,884 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $8,113 $15,920 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $7,427 $15,105 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $8,141 $14,569 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $6,677 $13,612 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $5,784 $12,593 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $5,354 $11,703 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $5,461 $11,216 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $4,858 $10,535 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $4,073 $9,824 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $3,909 $9,586 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $3,982 $9,143 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $3,746 $8,344 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $3,642 $8,121 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $3,696 $7,651 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $3,952 $7,206 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $3,648 $6,771 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $3,240 $6,414 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $3,014 $6,116 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $3,013 $5,753 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $2,705 $5,351 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $2,540 $5,010 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $2,103 - $25,625 -
1988 $2,074 - $24,499 -
1987 $1,840 - $21,761 -
1986 $1,442 - $17,955 -
1985 $1,069 - $13,647 -
1984 $1,042 - $13,080 -
1983 $1,103 - $12,590 -
1982 $1,101 - $13,719 -
1981 $1,181 - $15,564 -
1980 $1,187 - $17,073 -
1979 $1,292 - $14,856 -
1978 $1,102 - $12,602 -
1977 $906 - $11,432 -
1976 $787 - $10,853 -
1975 $755 - $10,103 -
1974 $763 - $8,078 -
1973 $467 - $7,291 -
1972 $374 - $6,018 -
1971 $299.6 - $5,125 -
1970 $271.3 - $4,729 -
1969 $272.7 - $4,263 -
1968 $258.7 - $3,953 -
1967 $304 - $3,746 -
1966 $296 - $3,478 -
1965 $305 - $3,228 -
1964 $297.3 - $2,961 -
1963 $353 - $2,675 -
1962 $282.3 - $2,485 -
1961 $281.7 - $2,304 -
1960 $238.3 - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mauritius/sweden | CC BY

Mauritius' GDP per capita is $11,991, ranking 78/197, compared to $57,117 in Sweden, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Mauritius Sweden
Gross domestic product
$14.9B
2024
$604B
2024
GDP rank
143/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP growth
4.93%
2023-2024
0.82%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$11,991
2024
$57,117
2024
GDP per capita rank
78/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$31,840
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
71/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$13.6B
2024
$199B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
91.1%
2024
33%
2024
Government debt per person
$10,929
2024
$18,842
2024
Government debt per person rank
54/185
2024
32/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,203
2026
$42,066
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$9.12B
2024
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
490,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.9%
2017
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2017
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
49.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.6%
2023-2024
2.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.5%
2025
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.21%
2024
8.31%
2024
Population
1240121
10680056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Mauritius
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Mauritius Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 33.7% 91.1% 49.3% 33%
2023 29.9% 85.6% 48.9% 31.8%
2022 29.4% 86.9% 48.3% 33.9%
2021 30.8% 93.8% 49.3% 37%
2020 32.6% 93.4% 52% 40.2%
2019 27.8% 74.6% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 24.3% 64.1% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 24.3% 63% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 24% 64.3% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 24.5% 65% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 23% 60.6% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 24.1% 58.2% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 22.5% 55.9% 50.2% 38%
2011 23.7% 56.5% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 24% 56.4% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 25.2% 58.4% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 22.7% 49.4% 49.4% 38%
2007 21.5% 51.6% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 22.2% 59.3% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 23% 61.7% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 22.6% 61.1% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 23.4% 70.8% 53% 49.4%
2002 23.3% 66.7% 52.7% 49.8%
2001 22.4% 60.5% 51.7% 52%
2000 22.2% 59.7% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 27.5% - 55.2% 60.3%
1998 26.6% - 55.6% 65.4%
1997 27.5% - 57.9% 67.7%
1996 27.4% - 60% 68.9%
1995 27.3% - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 27.5% - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 24.5% - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 26.8% - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 27.2% - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 30.2% - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/mauritius/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Mauritius' government spending was $5.03B, accounting for 33.7% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $298B, or 49.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 91.1% in Mauritius and 33% in Sweden, ranking 30/185 and 148/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Mauritius

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mauritius Sweden
2024 -7.47% -1.72%
2023 -4.7% -0.63%
2022 -3.34% 1%
2021 -4.45% -0.15%
2020 -10.6% -3.18%
2019 -7.53% 0.44%
2018 -2.19% 0.67%
2017 -1.66% 1.29%
2016 -2.81% 0.86%
2015 -3.59% -0.27%
2014 -3.13% -1.84%
2013 -3.4% -1.63%
2012 -1.78% -1.19%
2011 -3.09% -0.41%
2010 -3.07% -0.14%
2009 -3.41% -0.89%
2008 -2.66% 1.87%
2007 -3.09% 3.37%
2006 -4.14% 2.2%
2005 -4.44% 2.08%
2004 -4.34% 0.17%
2003 -4.82% -1.25%
2002 -5.18% -1.46%
2001 -5.53% 1.37%
2000 -4.4% 3.11%
1999 - 0.6%
1998 - 0.82%
1997 - -1.57%
1996 - -3.11%
1995 - -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/mauritius/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Mauritius' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.12B, equivalent to 7.47% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $10.4B, or 1.72% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Mauritius recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 13 years. On average, Mauritius posted an annual deficit equal to 4.19% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.15% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Mauritius

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Mauritius Sweden
2024 3.6% 2.84%
2023 7.05% 8.55%
2022 10.8% 8.37%
2021 4.03% 2.16%
2020 2.58% 0.5%
2019 0.41% 1.78%
2018 3.22% 1.95%
2017 3.67% 1.79%
2016 0.98% 0.98%
2015 1.29% -0.05%
2014 3.22% -0.18%
2013 3.54% -0.04%
2012 3.85% 0.89%
2011 6.52% 2.96%
2010 2.93% 1.16%
2009 2.52% -0.49%
2008 9.73% 3.44%
2007 8.83% 2.21%
2006 8.91% 1.36%
2005 4.94% 0.45%
2004 4.71% 0.37%
2003 3.92% 1.93%
2002 6.42% 2.16%
2001 5.39% 2.41%
2000 4.2% 0.9%
1999 6.91% 0.46%
1998 6.81% -0.27%
1997 6.83% 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mauritius/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Mauritius has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.92%, compared with 1.76% in Sweden. In 2024, inflation was 3.6% in Mauritius and 2.84% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Mauritius
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $12.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $298K
Chemicals & pharma $93K
Machinery & equipment $16K
Raw agricultural goods $14K
Metals $6K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.39M
Raw materials & minerals $1.43M
Wood & paper products $610K
Chemicals & pharma $529K
Textiles & consumer goods $158K
Precious metals & jewellery $120K
Metals $116K
Weapons & explosives $80K
Miscellaneous $77K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $59K

Balance of trade

Mauritius Sweden
Current account balance
-$1.05B
2024
$35.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
126/190
2024
17/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.03%
2024
+5.92%
2024
Goods imports
$6.35B
2024
$188B
2024
Goods exports
$2.37B
2024
$218B
2024
Service imports
$2.28B
2024
$126B
2024
Service exports
$4.19B
2024
$116B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
78.3%
2024
51.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
67.1%
2024
54.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mauritius Sweden
Economic freedom 73 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 26/197 14/197
Property rights 83.9 96.2
Government integrity 53.4 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 80.7 95.6
Tax burden 89.6 51.6
Government spending 73.8 28.4
Fiscal health 45.5 97.5
Business freedom 81.5 84.8
Labor freedom 69.6 65.8
Monetary freedom 70.7 78.1
Trade freedom 87 79.4
Investment freedom 70 85
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Mauritius
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Mauritius Sweden
2026 73 77.8
2025 75 77.9
2024 71.5 77.5
2023 70.6 77.5
2022 70.9 77.9
2021 77 74.7
2020 74.9 74.9
2019 73 75.2
2018 75.1 76.3
2017 74.7 74.9
2016 74.7 72
2015 76.4 72.7
2014 76.5 73.1
2013 76.9 72.9
2012 77 71.7
2011 76.2 71.9
2010 76.3 72.4
2009 74.3 70.5
2008 72.6 70.8
2007 69.4 69.3
2006 67.4 70.9
2005 67.2 69.8
2004 64.3 70.1
2003 64.4 70
2002 67.7 70.8
2001 66.4 66.6
2000 67.2 65.1
1999 68.5 64.2
1998 - 64
1997 - 63.3
1996 - 61.8
1995 - 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/mauritius/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Mauritius is 73, ranking 26/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Mauritius Sweden
Services, % of GDP
64.4%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.8%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.23%
2024
1.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$16.2B
2024
$615B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,100
2024
$75,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$8.51B
2024
$62.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
83/177
2024
37/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$963M
2024
$2.08B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$681M
2024
$27B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$38.3M
2024
$29.6B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
10.1%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
8.4%
2023
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
25.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mauritius/sweden | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.