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Economy of Albania vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Albania has a GDP of $27B compared to $604B for Sweden, ranking 112/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Albania has $15.2B in government debt (56% of GDP), compared to $199B (33% of GDP) in Sweden.

Albania vs Sweden GDP by year

Albania
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Albania Sweden
2024 $27,046,429,297 $603,715,224,266
2023 $23,491,242,727 $578,990,915,246
2022 $19,017,247,014 $575,071,237,641
2021 $18,031,989,573 $631,693,331,301
2020 $15,241,458,745 $544,265,668,452
2019 $15,585,111,614 $530,894,124,494
2018 $15,379,508,330 $549,649,344,043
2017 $13,258,268,436 $535,172,356,785
2016 $11,988,668,785 $513,058,312,951
2015 $11,470,171,827 $501,602,351,912
2014 $13,296,322,588 $577,727,767,304
2013 $12,796,985,886 $584,125,353,119
2012 $12,246,499,748 $549,739,674,655
2011 $12,973,755,875 $570,538,581,144
2010 $12,086,545,641 $492,750,897,239
2009 $12,335,540,656 $434,311,714,442
2008 $13,258,506,375 $514,614,100,833
2007 $11,116,937,870 $490,047,789,548
2006 $9,150,528,132 $422,528,394,459
2005 $8,256,658,250 $391,688,455,929
2004 $7,406,645,793 $384,545,442,175
2003 $5,801,712,040 $334,072,443,516
2002 $4,515,003,117 $267,371,907,447
2001 $4,059,064,033 $242,497,797,485
2000 $3,584,570,165 $262,903,560,280
1999 $3,283,941,510 $274,318,357,862
1998 $2,600,356,999 $270,887,306,759
1997 $2,293,666,030 $268,249,616,891
1996 $3,234,486,232 $291,949,597,375
1995 $2,905,092,799 $267,050,453,507
1994 $1,880,950,864 $228,699,066,874
1993 $1,185,315,468 $212,644,602,616
1992 $652,174,991 $283,908,914,454
1991 $1,099,559,028 $273,831,464,572
1990 $2,028,553,750 $261,466,577,009
1989 $2,253,090,000 $217,632,340,195
1988 $2,051,236,250 $206,686,590,776
1987 $2,080,796,250 $182,744,315,974
1986 $2,097,326,250 $150,279,869,729
1985 $1,897,050,117 $113,958,084,357
1984 $1,857,337,995 $109,043,045,407
1983 $1,881,412,587 $104,862,109,663
1982 $1,861,163,170 $114,214,731,799
1981 $1,808,177,156 $129,498,921,476
1980 $1,578,102,105 $141,886,067,004
1979 - $123,207,527,699
1978 - $104,290,933,496
1977 - $94,331,782,622
1976 - $89,232,517,046
1975 - $82,765,232,648
1974 - $65,917,634,590
1973 - $59,318,842,992
1972 - $48,883,173,400
1971 - $41,506,151,115
1970 - $38,037,226,668
1969 - $33,967,301,561
1968 - $31,277,871,669
1967 - $29,474,881,506
1966 - $27,154,716,721
1965 - $24,963,947,415
1964 - $22,685,490,195
1963 - $20,342,131,882
1962 - $18,794,066,990
1961 - $17,329,620,585
1960 - $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Albania vs Sweden by year

Albania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Albania Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $11,378 $26,702 $57,117 $71,845
2023 $9,731 $24,822 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $7,757 $22,138 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $7,242 $18,213 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $6,028 $16,288 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $6,069 $16,442 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $5,898 $15,055 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $5,006 $14,111 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $4,458 $13,056 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $4,200 $12,387 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $4,794 $11,788 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $4,543 $10,882 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $4,281 $10,609 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $4,466 $10,273 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $4,149 $9,755 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $4,214 $9,031 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $4,499 $8,469 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $3,743 $7,585 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $3,058 $6,753 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $2,742 $6,014 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $2,447 $5,595 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $1,909 $5,169 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $1,480 $4,840 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $1,326 $4,451 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $1,160 $3,978 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $1,056 $3,549 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $831 $3,086 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $729 $2,760 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $1,021 $3,054 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $911 $2,777 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $586 $2,385 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $367 $2,143 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $200.9 $1,899 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $337 $1,989 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $617 $2,656 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $698 - $25,625 -
1988 $653 - $24,499 -
1987 $675 - $21,761 -
1986 $694 - $17,955 -
1985 $640 - $13,647 -
1984 $639 - $13,080 -
1983 $662 - $12,590 -
1982 $668 - $13,719 -
1981 $663 - $15,564 -
1980 $591 - $17,073 -
1979 - - $14,856 -
1978 - - $12,602 -
1977 - - $11,432 -
1976 - - $10,853 -
1975 - - $10,103 -
1974 - - $8,078 -
1973 - - $7,291 -
1972 - - $6,018 -
1971 - - $5,125 -
1970 - - $4,729 -
1969 - - $4,263 -
1968 - - $3,953 -
1967 - - $3,746 -
1966 - - $3,478 -
1965 - - $3,228 -
1964 - - $2,961 -
1963 - - $2,675 -
1962 - - $2,485 -
1961 - - $2,304 -
1960 - - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/sweden | CC BY

Albania's GDP per capita is $11,378, ranking 82/197, compared to $57,117 in Sweden, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Albania ranks 79th at $26,702, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Albania Sweden
Gross domestic product
$27B
2024
$604B
2024
GDP rank
112/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP growth
4.05%
2023-2024
0.82%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$11,378
2024
$57,117
2024
GDP per capita rank
82/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,702
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
79/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$15.2B
2024
$199B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
56%
2024
33%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,375
2024
$18,842
2024
Government debt per person rank
72/185
2024
32/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$9,075
2026
$42,066
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
490,000
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2025
45
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.8%
2020
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2020
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.9%
2024
49.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.2%
2023-2024
2.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.5%
2025
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.7%
2023
8.31%
2024
Population
2342753
10680056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Albania
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Albania Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 28.9% 56% 49.3% 33%
2023 28.5% 58% 48.9% 31.8%
2022 30.3% 65.2% 48.3% 33.9%
2021 31.9% 74.8% 49.3% 37%
2020 32.4% 75.4% 52% 40.2%
2019 28.8% 66.6% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 28.7% 68.5% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 29.2% 71.9% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 29.1% 73.3% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 30.8% 73.7% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 31.7% 72% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 29.2% 70.4% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 28.2% 62.1% 50.2% 38%
2011 28.9% 59.4% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 29.4% 57.7% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 32.7% 59.7% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 31.7% 55.1% 49.4% 38%
2007 29.3% 53.6% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 29.2% 56.7% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 28.9% 58.2% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 30.2% 57.5% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 29.7% 60.2% 53% 49.4%
2002 31.5% 64.1% 52.7% 49.8%
2001 32.7% 60.6% 51.7% 52%
2000 33.8% 63.8% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 37.1% 68.2% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 36.8% 71.2% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 30.3% 72.2% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 - - 60% 68.9%
1995 - - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 - - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Albania's government spending was $7.83B, accounting for 28.9% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $298B, or 49.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56% in Albania and 33% in Sweden, ranking 94/185 and 148/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Albania

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Albania Sweden
2024 -0.72% -1.72%
2023 -1.32% -0.63%
2022 -3.64% 1%
2021 -4.57% -0.15%
2020 -6.67% -3.18%
2019 -1.92% 0.44%
2018 -1.6% 0.67%
2017 -1.41% 1.29%
2016 -1.5% 0.86%
2015 -4.32% -0.27%
2014 -5.46% -1.84%
2013 -5.22% -1.63%
2012 -3.44% -1.19%
2011 -3.52% -0.41%
2010 -3.52% -0.14%
2009 -6.59% -0.89%
2008 -4.88% 1.87%
2007 -3.18% 3.37%
2006 -3.26% 2.2%
2005 -3.46% 2.08%
2004 -5.16% 0.17%
2003 -5.01% -1.25%
2002 -6.21% -1.46%
2001 -6.84% 1.37%
2000 -7.77% 3.11%
1999 -8.84% 0.6%
1998 -9.93% 0.82%
1997 -11.9% -1.57%
1996 - -3.11%
1995 - -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Albania's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $196M, equivalent to 0.72% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $10.4B, or 1.72% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Albania recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 14 years. On average, Albania posted an annual deficit equal to 4.71% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.13% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Albania

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Albania Sweden
2024 2.2% 2.84%
2023 4.8% 8.55%
2022 6.7% 8.37%
2021 2% 2.16%
2020 1.6% 0.5%
2019 1.4% 1.78%
2018 2% 1.95%
2017 2% 1.79%
2016 1.3% 0.98%
2015 1.9% -0.05%
2014 1.6% -0.18%
2013 1.9% -0.04%
2012 2% 0.89%
2011 3.4% 2.96%
2010 3.6% 1.16%
2009 2.2% -0.49%
2008 3.3% 3.44%
2007 3% 2.21%
2006 2.4% 1.36%
2005 2.4% 0.45%
2004 2.9% 0.37%
2003 2.4% 1.93%
2002 5.2% 2.16%
2001 3.1% 2.41%
2000 0% 0.9%
1999 0.4% 0.46%
1998 20.6% -0.27%
1997 33.2% 0.66%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Albania has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.27%, compared with 1.76% in Sweden. In 2024, inflation was 2.2% in Albania and 2.84% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Albania
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.5M
Raw materials & minerals $12.8M
Transport & tourism services $11.8M
Metals $2.88M
Business & finance services $2.37M
Raw agricultural goods $664K
Chemicals & pharma $622K
IT & IP services $591K
Government & miscellaneous services $237K
Textiles & consumer goods $216K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $3.95M
Machinery & equipment $3.74M
Metals $685K
Animal & marine products $607K
Textiles & consumer goods $288K
Chemicals & pharma $212K
Raw materials & minerals $121K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $80K
Miscellaneous $28K
Precious metals & jewellery $11K

Balance of trade

Albania Sweden
Current account balance
-$648M
2024
$35.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
112/190
2024
17/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.4%
2024
+5.92%
2024
Goods imports
$7.87B
2024
$188B
2024
Goods exports
$1.82B
2024
$218B
2024
Service imports
$3.83B
2024
$126B
2024
Service exports
$8.03B
2024
$116B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.2%
2024
51.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
36.3%
2024
54.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Albania Sweden
Economic freedom 68 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 50/197 14/197
Property rights 57.6 96.2
Government integrity 41.9 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 59.9 95.6
Tax burden 89.3 51.6
Government spending 74.3 28.4
Fiscal health 88 97.5
Business freedom 76.6 84.8
Labor freedom 46.2 65.8
Monetary freedom 78.6 78.1
Trade freedom 83 79.4
Investment freedom 60 85
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Albania
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Albania Sweden
2026 68 77.8
2025 66.6 77.9
2024 64.8 77.5
2023 65.3 77.5
2022 66.6 77.9
2021 65.2 74.7
2020 66.9 74.9
2019 66.5 75.2
2018 64.5 76.3
2017 64.4 74.9
2016 65.9 72
2015 65.7 72.7
2014 66.9 73.1
2013 65.2 72.9
2012 65.1 71.7
2011 64 71.9
2010 66 72.4
2009 63.7 70.5
2008 62.4 70.8
2007 61.4 69.3
2006 60.3 70.9
2005 57.8 69.8
2004 58.5 70.1
2003 56.8 70
2002 56.8 70.8
2001 56.6 66.6
2000 53.6 65.1
1999 53.4 64.2
1998 53.9 64
1997 54.8 63.3
1996 53.8 61.8
1995 49.7 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Albania is 68, ranking 50/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Albania Sweden
Services, % of GDP
48.7%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.4%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
15.5%
2024
1.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$23.6B
2024
$615B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,500
2024
$75,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.52B
2024
$62.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
89/177
2024
37/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.45B
2024
$2.08B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.71B
2024
$27B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$261M
2024
$29.6B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.25%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
19.7%
2022
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25%
2024
25.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.