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Economy of Japan vs Solomon Islands compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Japan has a GDP of $4.44T compared to $1.75B for the Solomon Islands, ranking 4/197 and 183/197 by economy size, respectively.

Japan has $9.16T in government debt (206.5% of GDP), compared to $501M (28.7% of GDP) in the Solomon Islands.

Japan vs Solomon Islands GDP by year

Japan
Solomon Islands
1x
Year GDP, current $
Japan Solomon Islands
2025 $4,435,162,999,977 $1,749,572,443
2024 $4,190,008,188,359 $1,583,964,704
2023 $4,384,854,269,962 $1,506,124,566
2022 $4,447,976,207,315 $1,466,670,930
2021 $5,225,933,520,753 $1,558,312,104
2020 $5,189,197,543,645 $1,536,143,428
2019 $5,245,755,000,479 $1,619,150,564
2018 $5,154,293,721,630 $1,615,473,250
2017 $5,038,231,631,661 $1,469,790,526
2016 $5,110,357,383,254 $1,379,486,291
2015 $4,534,438,580,495 $1,307,908,814
2014 $4,985,763,289,561 $1,335,576,763
2013 $5,272,297,037,397 $1,285,905,958
2012 $6,333,803,928,788 $1,185,217,634
2011 $6,279,422,550,219 $1,063,898,227
2010 $5,811,578,109,447 $898,128,551
2009 $5,336,765,697,589 $805,557,289
2008 $5,160,197,175,876 $776,335,523
2007 $4,624,670,179,655 $695,291,218
2006 $4,648,058,930,707 $617,257,458
2005 $4,875,648,486,366 $552,881,357
2004 $4,941,485,123,807 $468,000,121
2003 $4,573,413,206,709 $417,666,639
2002 $4,245,946,980,572 $346,406,739
2001 $4,438,792,748,062 $409,508,553
2000 $5,042,381,838,343 $419,842,674
1999 $4,688,983,449,627 $488,024,514
1998 $4,150,359,076,370 $457,579,840
1997 $4,579,780,793,432 $526,554,006
1996 $5,021,441,618,840 $510,586,430
1995 $5,639,649,753,986 $469,443,202
1994 $5,104,063,486,348 $402,837,005
1993 $4,632,480,515,091 $300,746,361
1992 $4,064,529,567,505 $269,034,596
1991 $3,724,887,648,862 $227,540,473
1990 $3,252,994,239,867 $214,877,667
1989 $3,174,934,735,896 $172,882,411
1988 $3,191,546,727,316 $176,494,394
1987 $2,635,094,473,494 $155,128,542
1986 $2,164,729,071,349 $147,620,048
1985 $1,457,070,301,468 $165,524,943
1984 $1,374,165,212,365 $181,570,474
1983 $1,297,622,008,229 $181,220,399
1982 $1,183,132,285,328 $192,902,019
1981 $1,271,443,597,067 $193,750,541
1980 $1,153,159,955,513 $182,852,107
1979 $1,100,608,979,757 $151,276,496
1978 $1,057,419,758,047 $111,027,427
1977 $752,590,681,822 $93,145,283
1976 $611,495,350,304 $83,100,834
1975 $544,082,569,364 $74,620,320
1974 $500,355,087,138 $84,539,332
1973 $450,756,970,744 $55,272,109
1972 $331,776,379,992 $40,606,712
1971 $250,530,994,765 $50,056,883
1970 $221,798,003,144 -
1969 $188,179,852,753 $28,606,411
1968 $160,201,483,788 $28,084,253
1967 $135,265,319,098 $25,203,524
1966 $115,427,351,851 -
1965 $99,387,878,008 -
1964 $89,332,989,729 -
1963 $75,945,582,324 -
1962 $66,356,388,224 -
1961 $58,472,696,006 -
1960 $48,417,804,545 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/solomon-islands | CC BY

GDP per capita in Japan vs Solomon Islands by year

Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Solomon Islands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Japan Solomon Islands
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $35,951 - $2,086 -
2024 $33,797 $52,039 $1,934 $2,675
2023 $35,215 $50,662 $1,883 $2,597
2022 $35,548 $47,192 $1,878 $2,496
2021 $41,581 $44,355 $2,043 $2,450
2020 $41,099 $42,426 $2,063 $2,405
2019 $41,425 $42,678 $2,224 $2,512
2018 $40,645 $42,142 $2,278 $2,494
2017 $39,680 $41,444 $2,144 $2,454
2016 $40,215 $40,597 $2,083 $2,421
2015 $35,665 $40,899 $2,045 $2,354
2014 $39,173 $39,555 $2,165 $2,377
2013 $41,369 $39,402 $2,161 $2,394
2012 $49,627 $37,606 $2,066 $2,320
2011 $49,122 $36,214 $1,924 $2,306
2010 $45,378 $35,336 $1,685 $2,182
2009 $41,678 $33,543 $1,555 $2,021
2008 $40,294 $35,274 $1,526 $1,989
2007 $36,130 $35,015 $1,390 $1,869
2006 $36,354 $33,632 $1,256 $1,786
2005 $38,159 $32,170 $1,144 $1,693
2004 $38,678 $30,832 $986 $1,556
2003 $35,809 $29,392 $896 $1,433
2002 $33,316 $28,624 $757 $1,344
2001 $34,910 $27,943 $912 $1,387
2000 $39,753 $27,288 $953 $1,503
1999 $37,029 $25,736 $1,134 $1,754
1998 $32,835 $25,508 $1,092 $1,785
1997 $36,331 $25,619 $1,292 $1,793
1996 $39,930 $24,999 $1,289 $1,830
1995 $44,947 $23,858 $1,220 $1,820
1994 $40,774 $22,823 $1,078 $1,668
1993 $37,111 $22,168 $829 $1,556
1992 $32,667 $21,825 $764 $1,505
1991 $30,048 $21,227 $666 $1,346
1990 $26,345 $19,912 $648 $1,266
1989 $25,798 - $538 -
1988 $26,037 - $567 -
1987 $21,587 - $515 -
1986 $17,819 - $506 -
1985 $12,058 - $586 -
1984 $11,443 - $665 -
1983 $10,876 - $686 -
1982 $9,986 - $756 -
1981 $10,806 - $786 -
1980 $9,872 - $768 -
1979 $9,497 - $658 -
1978 $9,202 - $500 -
1977 $6,609 - $434 -
1976 $5,422 - $401 -
1975 $4,876 - $372 -
1974 $4,542 - $433 -
1973 $4,147 - $291.3 -
1972 $3,095 - $219.5 -
1971 $2,370 - $277.1 -
1970 $2,145 - - -
1969 $1,841 - $165.9 -
1968 $1,586 - $166.9 -
1967 $1,354 - $153.5 -
1966 $1,168 - - -
1965 $1,015 - - -
1964 $922 - - -
1963 $792 - - -
1962 $699 - - -
1961 $622 - - -
1960 $519 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/solomon-islands | CC BY

Japan's GDP per capita is $35,951, ranking 34/197, compared to $2,086 in the Solomon Islands, ranking 157/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Japan ranks 41st at $52,039, while the Solomon Islands ranks 183rd at $2,675.

Economic indicators

Japan Solomon Islands
Gross domestic product
$4.44T
2025
$1.75B
2025
GDP rank
4/197
2025
183/197
2025
GDP growth
1.19%
2024-2025
3.62%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$35,951
2025
$2,086
2025
GDP per capita rank
34/197
2025
157/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$52,039
2024
$2,675
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
41/197
2024
183/197
2024
Government debt
$9.16T
2025
$501M
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
206.5%
2025
28.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$74,248
2025
$598
2025
Government debt per person rank
3/185
2025
162/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$22,962
2026
$1,986
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$7.61T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,902,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
41
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.3%
2020
29.2%
2012
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2020
2.8%
2012
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.9%
2025
40.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.17%
2024-2025
3.36%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
0.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
2.5%
2025
0.69%
2013
Population
122704252
868694

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Japan
Spending

Debt
Solomon Islands
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Japan Solomon Islands
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 36.9% 206.5% 40.6% 28.7%
2024 37.3% 214.5% 39.6% 26.1%
2023 37.8% 220.3% 44.2% 22.3%
2022 40.2% 227.8% 43.5% 16.5%
2021 41.3% 222.7% 36.9% 16.1%
2020 43.6% 228.8% 40.4% 9.15%
2019 36.4% 206.3% 35.6% 7.82%
2018 36% 203.7% 34.8% 7.95%
2017 35.9% 203.1% 40.4% 8.77%
2016 36.5% 202.1% 39.6% 7.54%
2015 36.6% 200.1% 41.5% 7.88%
2014 37.8% 203.6% 39.8% 10.1%
2013 38.4% 201.2% 41.8% 11.6%
2012 38.4% 197.1% 29.4% 13.3%
2011 38.4% 190.6% 26.7% 18.1%
2010 37.4% 178.6% 22.6% 21.6%
2009 38.3% 172.9% 22.7% 17.2%
2008 33.7% 153.6% 24.3% 26.1%
2007 32.8% 150.4% 21.1% 29.5%
2006 32.7% 152.1% 17.4% 36.9%
2005 33.2% 153.4% 14.7% 38.5%
2004 33.3% 148.8% 12.5% 49.4%
2003 34.6% 140.2% 12.6% 51.8%
2002 34.9% 134.6% 14.1% 55.5%
2001 34.7% 126.8% 15.3% 44.6%
2000 35.4% 118.5% 15.8% 37.4%
1999 35.2% 113.5% 15.8% 35.4%
1998 38.1% 101.6% 13.1% 33.3%
1997 32.4% 91.3% 16.3% 21.9%
1996 33.1% 85.3% 20.4% -
1995 32.8% 80.7% 20.8% -
1994 32.1% 73.3% 25.5% -
1993 31.4% 63.2% 28.1% -
1992 29.6% 57.9% 29.6% -
1991 28.6% 54.1% 33.2% -
1990 28.8% 54.8% 25.4% -
1989 29.2% 65.7% - -
1988 29.9% 71.9% - -
1987 30.6% 75.8% - -
1986 30.4% 74.1% - -
1985 30.4% 68.3% - -
1984 31.2% 65.6% - -
1983 31.8% 63.5% - -
1982 31.7% 57.7% - -
1981 31.5% 52.8% - -
1980 33.5% 47.8% - -
1979 33.2% 43.8% - -
1978 32.1% 39% - -
1977 30.4% 31.1% - -
1976 29.1% 26.1% - -
1975 28.5% 20.9% - -
1974 25.5% 16.7% - -
1973 23.3% 15.9% - -
1972 23.1% 16.3% - -
1971 21.8% 12.6% - -
1970 20.2% 11.2% - -
1969 19.8% 11.4% - -
1968 20.1% 11.8% - -
1967 19.9% 11.4% - -
1966 20.8% 11.2% - -
1965 20.4% 9.78% - -
1964 19.8% 8.53% - -
1963 20% 8.66% - -
1962 19.4% 9.01% - -
1961 18.2% 8.44% - -
1960 18.4% 10.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/solomon-islands | CC BY

In 2025, Japan's government spending was $1.63T, accounting for 36.9% of its GDP, while the Solomon Islands spent $711M, or 40.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 206.5% in Japan and 28.7% in the Solomon Islands, ranking 3/185 and 158/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Japan

Solomon Islands
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Japan Solomon Islands
2025 -1.05% -3.24%
2024 -1.67% -2.09%
2023 -2.39% -4.13%
2022 -4.23% -2.7%
2021 -6.32% -1.82%
2020 -9.04% -2.44%
2019 -3.05% -1.52%
2018 -2.44% 1.49%
2017 -3.05% -2.27%
2016 -3.58% -3.56%
2015 -3.64% 0.81%
2014 -5.58% 2.13%
2013 -7.62% 3.57%
2012 -8.22% 4.63%
2011 -9.02% 6.14%
2010 -9.05% 5.67%
2009 -9.62% 2.15%
2008 -4.07% 1.75%
2007 -2.86% 13.7%
2006 -3% 11.3%
2005 -4.39% 11.5%
2004 -5.26% 14.5%
2003 -7.35% 8.91%
2002 -7.22% -3.67%
2001 -6.11% -2.02%
2000 -7.17% -2.47%
1999 -6.68% -0.27%
1998 -9.91% 4.25%
1997 -3.44% 1.8%
1996 -4.75% 3.15%
1995 -4.22% 2.69%
1994 -3.7% 3.65%
1993 -2.34% 2.07%
1992 0.56% 3.48%
1991 1.64% 0.12%
1990 1.91% 0.49%
1989 1.23% -
1988 0.49% -
1987 -0.36% -
1986 -1.36% -
1985 -1.37% -
1984 -2.62% -
1983 -3.95% -
1982 -3.81% -
1981 -3.85% -
1980 -4.66% -
1979 -5% -
1978 -5.79% -
1977 -4.02% -
1976 -3.89% -
1975 -2.92% -
1974 0.38% -
1973 0.56% -
1972 -0.13% -
1971 1.21% -
1970 1.74% -
1969 1.26% -
1968 0.88% -
1967 0.8% -
1966 -0.34% -
1965 0.48% -
1964 0.85% -
1963 1.08% -
1962 1.49% -
1961 2.58% -
1960 1.85% -
1959 0.97% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 1.27% -
1956 1.39% -
1955 -0.67% -
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.65% -
1952 2.22% -
1951 5.06% -
1950 6.99% -
1949 12.5% -
1948 7.53% -
1947 6.09% -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 0.32% -
1942 -0.13% -
1941 -0.19% -
1940 0.31% -
1939 0.11% -
1938 0.45% -
1937 0.71% -
1936 0.34% -
1935 0.26% -
1934 0.34% -
1933 0.28% -
1932 0.31% -
1931 0.23% -
1930 0.19% -
1929 0.5% -
1928 0.42% -
1927 0.58% -
1926 0.65% -
1925 0.75% -
1924 0.84% -
1923 0.87% -
1922 0.89% -
1921 1.43% -
1920 1.19% -
1919 1.21% -
1918 1.58% -
1917 1.54% -
1916 1.37% -
1915 1.41% -
1914 1.31% -
1913 1.21% -
1912 1.27% -
1911 1.21% -
1910 1.57% -
1909 1.51% -
1908 1.63% -
1907 1.77% -
1906 0.46% -
1905 -0.68% -
1904 -0.81% -
1903 0.19% -
1902 0.44% -
1901 0.21% -
1900 0.53% -
1899 0.2% -
1898 0.6% -
1897 0.33% -
1896 0.88% -
1895 0.28% -
1894 -0.24% -
1893 0.6% -
1892 0.63% -
1891 0.61% -
1890 0.74% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 0.13% -
1887 0.11% -
1886 0.03% -
1885 0.01% -
1884 0.001% -
1883 0.03% -
1882 0.001% -
1881 0.001% -
1880 0.004% -
1879 0.02% -
1878 0.02% -
1877 -0.29% -
1876 -0.42% -
1875 0.005% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/solomon-islands | CC BY

In 2025, Japan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $46.7B, equivalent to 1.05% of GDP. This compares to the Solomon Islands' deficit of $56.6M, or 3.24% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Japan recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while the Solomon Islands ran a deficit in 13 years. On average, Japan posted an annual deficit equal to 4.66% of GDP, compared to surplus of 2.16% of GDP for the Solomon Islands.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Japan

Solomon Islands
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Japan Solomon Islands
2025 3.17% 3.36%
2024 2.74% 4.32%
2023 3.27% 5.89%
2022 2.5% 5.52%
2021 -0.23% -0.12%
2020 -0.02% 2.96%
2019 0.47% 1.63%
2018 0.99% 3.46%
2017 0.48% 0.49%
2016 -0.13% 0.51%
2015 0.8% -0.57%
2014 2.76% 5.17%
2013 0.34% 5.39%
2012 -0.04% 5.91%
2011 -0.27% 7.34%
2010 -0.73% 1.05%
2009 -1.35% 7.09%
2008 1.38% 17.3%
2007 0.06% 7.67%
2006 0.25% 11.2%
2005 -0.28% 7.33%
2004 -0.009% 6.99%
2003 -0.26% 8.27%
2002 -0.92% 10.9%
2001 -0.74% 6.93%
2000 -0.68% 7.89%
1999 -0.34% 8.02%
1998 0.66% 12.4%
1997 1.75% 8.08%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/solomon-islands | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Japan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.54%, compared with 5.95% in the Solomon Islands. In 2025, inflation was 3.17% in Japan and 3.36% in the Solomon Islands.

Top exports between countries

Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $20.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.74M
Metals $331K
Chemicals & pharma $268K
Miscellaneous $239K
Raw materials & minerals $124K
Animal & marine products $75K
Wood & paper products $75K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2K
Raw agricultural goods $2K
Solomon Islands
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.25M
Animal & marine products $456K
Machinery & equipment $156K
Raw agricultural goods $21K
Chemicals & pharma $2K

Balance of trade

Japan Solomon Islands
Current account balance
$216B
2025
-$66.2M
2024
Current account balance ranking
3/190
2025
78/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+4.86%
2025
-4.18%
2024
Goods imports
$729B
2025
$609M
2024
Goods exports
$725B
2025
$510M
2024
Service imports
$269B
2025
$248M
2024
Service exports
$246B
2025
$133M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.9%
2024
70.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22%
2024
40.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Japan Solomon Islands
Economic freedom 70.3 53.7
Economic freedom ranking 36/197 137/197
Property rights 94.2 55.8
Government integrity 81.1 42.7
Judicial effectiveness 97.9 59.1
Tax burden 63 71.3
Government spending 52 54.6
Fiscal health 41.7 83.3
Business freedom 77.8 52.3
Labor freedom 65.9 60.4
Monetary freedom 74.3 76.5
Trade freedom 76.2 43.6
Investment freedom 60 15
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Japan
Solomon Islands
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Japan Solomon Islands
2026 70.3 53.7
2025 70.2 56.3
2024 67.5 55
2023 69.3 56.9
2022 69.9 56.5
2021 74.1 56.5
2020 73.3 52.9
2019 72.1 54.6
2018 72.3 57.5
2017 69.6 55
2016 73.1 47
2015 73.3 47
2014 72.4 46.2
2013 71.8 45
2012 71.6 46.2
2011 72.8 45.9
2010 72.9 42.9
2009 72.8 46
2008 73 -
2007 72.7 -
2006 73.3 -
2005 67.3 -
2004 64.3 -
2003 67.6 -
2002 66.7 -
2001 70.9 -
2000 70.7 -
1999 69.1 -
1998 70.2 -
1997 70.3 -
1996 72.6 -
1995 75 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/solomon-islands | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Japan is 70.3, ranking 36/197, compared to 53.7 for the Solomon Islands, ranking 137/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Japan Solomon Islands
Services, % of GDP
71.4%
2024
46.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
23.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.96%
2024
29.7%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$4.73T
2025
$1.7B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$58,920
2025
$2,790
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.37T
2025
$686M
2024
Total reserves ranking
3/177
2025
148/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$172B
2025
$19.9M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.9B
2024
$33M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$207B
2024
$52.9M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.64%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.1%
2020
12.7%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27.7%
2024
19.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/solomon-islands | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.