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Economy of Ecuador vs Germany compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Ecuador has a GDP of $130B compared to $5.05T for Germany, ranking 64/197 and 3/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ecuador has $70.9B in government debt (54.4% of GDP), compared to $3.18T (62.9% of GDP) in Germany.

Ecuador vs Germany GDP by year

Ecuador
Germany
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ecuador Germany
2025 $130,320,560,400 $5,050,922,925,047
2024 $123,802,374,000 $4,685,592,577,805
2023 $120,792,801,000 $4,562,207,532,490
2022 $116,133,121,000 $4,201,021,706,479
2021 $107,179,074,000 $4,355,251,953,411
2020 $95,865,473,000 $3,941,398,957,074
2019 $107,595,830,000 $3,959,894,794,039
2018 $107,478,961,000 $4,055,433,215,302
2017 $104,467,486,000 $3,765,351,626,106
2016 $97,671,433,000 $3,536,787,895,179
2015 $97,209,558,000 $3,425,099,578,746
2014 $102,717,794,000 $3,964,870,735,761
2013 $96,570,334,000 $3,807,023,797,051
2012 $87,735,048,000 $3,596,483,233,406
2011 $78,986,648,000 $3,823,575,803,794
2010 $68,151,329,000 $3,467,093,769,667
2009 $60,094,978,000 $3,478,545,516,684
2008 $61,139,438,000 $3,808,197,720,125
2007 $49,848,725,000 $3,484,056,680,855
2006 $45,690,762,000 $3,046,308,753,671
2005 $40,278,849,000 $2,893,393,187,362
2004 $35,194,947,000 $2,852,317,768,062
2003 $30,965,208,000 $2,534,715,518,349
2002 $27,054,197,000 $2,102,350,798,306
2001 $23,127,055,000 $1,966,381,496,642
2000 $17,539,454,727 $1,966,980,701,145
1999 $19,645,272,636 $2,213,873,468,587
1998 $27,981,896,948 $2,247,760,364,566
1997 $28,162,053,027 $2,218,790,886,533
1996 $25,226,393,197 $2,506,576,553,158
1995 $24,432,884,442 $2,593,053,091,306
1994 $22,708,673,337 $2,215,282,632,277
1993 $18,938,717,359 $2,078,954,217,438
1992 $18,094,238,119 $2,141,377,582,968
1991 $16,988,535,268 $1,875,792,575,133
1990 $15,239,272,612 $1,778,162,195,860
1989 $13,890,823,705 $1,404,092,925,205
1988 $13,051,881,851 $1,406,367,016,372
1987 $13,945,426,859 $1,302,932,318,825
1986 $15,314,138,472 $1,050,092,624,516
1985 $17,149,088,413 $735,218,723,093
1984 $16,912,509,092 $727,767,760,979
1983 $17,152,477,037 $773,507,930,295
1982 $19,929,846,396 $779,421,633,755
1981 $21,810,759,354 $803,404,797,058
1980 $17,881,508,242 $953,772,499,462
1979 $14,175,160,902 $884,574,218,333
1978 $11,922,497,876 $743,182,891,918
1977 $11,026,342,618 $602,698,323,086
1976 $9,091,921,030 $521,658,712,133
1975 $7,731,674,472 $492,434,094,920
1974 $6,599,257,044 $446,934,971,657
1973 $3,891,754,150 $399,833,571,167
1972 $3,185,986,087 $300,899,944,795
1971 $2,754,219,271 $250,900,942,397
1970 $2,862,503,139 $216,629,229,947
1969 $3,112,165,727 $177,733,486,326
1968 $2,582,179,864 $156,527,292,653
1967 $2,553,595,172 $145,100,667,773
1966 $2,429,308,639 $143,304,275,684
1965 $2,387,047,396 $134,774,688,191
1964 $2,244,146,103 $123,330,404,665
1963 $1,824,343,871 $112,232,503,744
1962 $1,518,207,703 $105,895,435,234
1961 $1,753,850,955 $96,558,204,043
1960 $2,069,464,937 $84,619,845,881

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/germany | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ecuador vs Germany by year

Ecuador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ecuador Germany
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $7,125 - $60,496 -
2024 $6,827 $15,840 $56,104 $73,552
2023 $6,718 $15,919 $54,777 $71,684
2022 $6,516 $15,198 $50,507 $69,049
2021 $6,061 $13,507 $52,349 $62,531
2020 $5,464 $11,527 $47,395 $58,686
2019 $6,205 $12,543 $47,656 $59,271
2018 $6,304 $12,187 $48,916 $56,273
2017 $6,233 $11,793 $45,554 $54,110
2016 $5,918 $10,881 $42,949 $51,570
2015 $5,976 $10,878 $41,930 $48,545
2014 $6,406 $11,836 $48,960 $47,939
2013 $6,109 $11,296 $47,207 $45,889
2012 $5,634 $10,245 $44,718 $44,229
2011 $5,154 $9,769 $47,631 $43,398
2010 $4,520 $8,969 $42,397 $39,726
2009 $4,053 $8,662 $42,472 $37,574
2008 $4,195 $8,663 $46,379 $38,444
2007 $3,479 $8,112 $42,351 $36,914
2006 $3,244 $7,885 $36,980 $34,741
2005 $2,909 $7,457 $35,084 $32,314
2004 $2,586 $6,980 $34,567 $31,753
2003 $2,316 $6,475 $30,711 $30,301
2002 $2,059 $6,282 $25,487 $29,514
2001 $1,791 $5,999 $23,878 $28,674
2000 $1,382 $5,728 $23,926 $27,474
1999 $1,575 $5,638 $26,965 $26,518
1998 $2,284 $5,940 $27,396 $25,446
1997 $2,341 $5,793 $27,047 $24,649
1996 $2,136 $5,560 $30,600 $24,169
1995 $2,108 $5,469 $31,747 $23,631
1994 $1,997 $5,339 $27,202 $22,869
1993 $1,698 $5,112 $25,617 $21,900
1992 $1,655 $4,998 $26,560 $21,746
1991 $1,587 $4,887 $23,443 $21,001
1990 $1,455 $4,632 $22,386 $19,468
1989 $1,356 - $17,829 -
1988 $1,304 - $17,997 -
1987 $1,426 - $16,739 -
1986 $1,604 - $13,511 -
1985 $1,842 - $9,464 -
1984 $1,864 - $9,347 -
1983 $1,940 - $9,900 -
1982 $2,314 - $9,950 -
1981 $2,601 - $10,246 -
1980 $2,190 - $12,183 -
1979 $1,783 - $11,322 -
1978 $1,541 - $9,517 -
1977 $1,465 - $7,711 -
1976 $1,242 - $6,659 -
1975 $1,086 - $6,259 -
1974 $954 - $5,660 -
1973 $579 - $5,065 -
1972 $488 - $3,824 -
1971 $434 - $3,204 -
1970 $465 - $2,771 -
1969 $521 - $2,281 -
1968 $445 - $2,025 -
1967 $454 - $1,886 -
1966 $445 - $1,871 -
1965 $450 - $1,774 -
1964 $436 - $1,637 -
1963 $365 - $1,502 -
1962 $312 - $1,431 -
1961 $371 - $1,316 -
1960 $451 - $1,162 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/germany | CC BY

Ecuador's GDP per capita is $7,125, ranking 102/197, compared to $60,496 in Germany, ranking 18/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ecuador ranks 110th at $15,840, while Germany ranks 20th at $73,552.

Economic indicators

Ecuador Germany
Gross domestic product
$130B
2025
$5.05T
2025
GDP rank
64/197
2025
3/197
2025
GDP growth
3.73%
2024-2025
0.24%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$7,125
2025
$60,496
2025
GDP per capita rank
102/197
2025
18/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,840
2024
$73,552
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
110/197
2024
20/197
2024
Government debt
$70.9B
2025
$3.18T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
54.4%
2025
62.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,877
2025
$38,071
2025
Government debt per person rank
94/185
2025
21/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,605
2026
$40,352
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$747M
2000
$2.9T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,648,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
212
2026
Income share by richest 10%
35.1%
2025
26.2%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.7%
2025
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.4%
2025
50.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.71%
2024-2025
2.17%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
3.23%
2025
3.8%
2025
Population
18524711
82830814

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ecuador
Spending

Debt
Germany
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ecuador Germany
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 38.4% 54.4% 50.5% 62.9%
2024 38.3% 54.1% 49.4% 62.2%
2023 39.6% 54.5% 48.1% 62.3%
2022 38.9% 57.2% 48.6% 64.4%
2021 37.5% 61.8% 50.7% 67.9%
2020 40.2% 63.6% 51.1% 68%
2019 39.8% 52.1% 45.5% 58.7%
2018 40.9% 49.5% 44.7% 60.8%
2017 40.5% 47.4% 44.5% 64%
2016 44.1% 46.1% 44.7% 68.3%
2015 44.1% 36.4% 44.5% 71.2%
2014 45.9% 28.2% 44.5% 74.5%
2013 46.7% 23.4% 45.2% 77.5%
2012 43.2% 19.3% 45.1% 79.8%
2011 39.6% 18.6% 45.3% 78.5%
2010 35.4% 18.4% 48.1% 81%
2009 34.3% 19.7% 48.3% 72.4%
2008 35.6% 24.9% 44.4% 65.2%
2007 24.7% 29.6% 43.5% 63.7%
2006 21.7% 33.1% 45.3% 66.4%
2005 22% 35.8% 46.9% 67.1%
2004 21.3% 40.2% 47% 65%
2003 21.3% 47.2% 48.5% 63.3%
2002 22.8% 55% 48.2% 59.8%
2001 21.4% 63.8% 47.7% 58.1%
2000 24.3% 92.2% 48.1% 59.2%
1999 24.1% 105.2% 48.5% 60.3%
1998 21.5% 70.3% 48.3% 59.4%
1997 22% 61.5% 48.8% 58.8%
1996 22.7% 69.3% 49.6% 57.7%
1995 22% 70.5% 55.2% 54.9%
1994 - - 48.3% 47.5%
1993 - - 48.3% 45.1%
1992 - - 47.4% 41.4%
1991 - - 46.5% 39%
1990 - - 44.7% 40.7%
1989 - - 44.3% 39.2%
1988 - - 45.6% 40.5%
1987 - - 46% 40.1%
1986 - - 45.7% 39.1%
1985 - - 46.6% 39.2%
1984 - - 47.2% 38.7%
1983 - - 47.9% 38%
1982 - - 49.1% 36.4%
1981 - - 49% 33.6%
1980 - - 48.2% 30.1%
1979 - - 47.4% 28.2%
1978 - - 47.7% 27.4%
1977 - - 49% 26%
1976 - - 49.4% 25.1%
1975 - - 50.3% 23.7%
1974 - - 46% 18.5%
1973 - - 42.4% 17.3%
1972 - - 41.8% 18%
1971 - - 40.9% 17.7%
1970 - - 39.5% 17.7%
1969 - - 29.7% 20.3%
1968 - - 28.5% 22.5%
1967 - - 28.8% 22.5%
1966 - - 28.3% 19.8%
1965 - - 28.4% 18.7%
1964 - - 29% 18.2%
1963 - - 29.1% 18.1%
1962 - - 29.2% 17.6%
1961 - - 28.8% 18.7%
1960 - - 22.9% 18.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Ecuador's government spending was $50B, accounting for 38.4% of its GDP, while Germany spent $2.55T, or 50.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 54.4% in Ecuador and 62.9% in Germany, ranking 92/185 and 70/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ecuador

Germany
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ecuador Germany
2025 -2.88% -2.67%
2024 -1.28% -2.66%
2023 -3.49% -2.49%
2022 0.04% -1.91%
2021 -1.59% -3.17%
2020 -7.38% -4.38%
2019 -3.47% 1.33%
2018 -2.8% 1.88%
2017 -5.77% 1.34%
2016 -10.3% 1.13%
2015 -6.87% 0.91%
2014 -8.11% 0.73%
2013 -8.17% 0.12%
2012 -2.83% -0.05%
2011 -0.13% -0.84%
2010 -1.39% -4.42%
2009 -3.71% -3.18%
2008 0.57% -0.26%
2007 2.66% 0.15%
2006 2.92% -1.76%
2005 0.66% -3.37%
2004 1.94% -3.42%
2003 1.05% -3.83%
2002 0.74% -4.09%
2001 0.03% -3.12%
2000 -0.32% -1.71%
1999 -4.82% -1.87%
1998 -5.1% -2.65%
1997 -2.83% -3.03%
1996 -3.44% -3.64%
1995 -2.02% -9.44%
1994 - -2.54%
1993 - -3.11%
1992 - -2.63%
1991 - -3.21%
1990 - -1.94%
1989 - 0.08%
1988 - -2.02%
1987 - -1.85%
1986 - -1.18%
1985 - -1.18%
1984 - -2.04%
1983 - -2.95%
1982 - -3.56%
1981 - -4.03%
1980 - -3.02%
1979 - -2.71%
1978 - -2.62%
1977 - -2.56%
1976 - -3.5%
1975 - -5.78%
1974 - -1.69%
1973 - 1.14%
1972 - -0.37%
1971 - 0.16%
1970 - 0.53%
1969 - -0.43%
1968 - 1.39%
1967 - 2.73%
1966 - 1.76%
1965 - 2.26%
1964 - 1.49%
1963 - 1.43%
1962 - 0.49%
1961 - -0.12%
1960 - -0.34%
1959 - 0.77%
1958 - 1.77%
1957 - 1.99%
1956 - 0.59%
1955 - -1.41%
1954 - -0.37%
1953 - -0.13%
1952 - 0%
1951 - 1.15%
1950 - 1.81%
1949 - -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 - -0.64%
1933 - -0.43%
1932 - -1.11%
1931 - -1.03%
1930 - -1.52%
1929 - -0.9%
1928 - -1.47%
1927 - -0.44%
1926 - -1.3%
1925 - 0.34%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.007%
1912 - -0.26%
1911 - 0.06%
1910 - -0.21%
1909 - 0.11%
1908 - -0.11%
1907 - -0.14%
1906 - 0.76%
1905 - 1.21%
1904 - 0.41%
1903 - 0.88%
1902 - 0.08%
1901 - 0.91%
1900 - 0.27%
1899 - 0.6%
1898 - 0.47%
1897 - 0.39%
1896 - 0.63%
1895 - 0.47%
1894 - 0.44%
1893 - 0.42%
1892 - -0.24%
1891 - 1.18%
1890 - 0.12%
1889 - 1.16%
1888 - 0.62%
1887 - 0.88%
1886 - 0.23%
1885 - 0.21%
1884 - 0.23%
1883 - 0.55%
1882 - 0.41%
1881 - 0.12%
1880 - -0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Ecuador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.76B, equivalent to 2.88% of GDP. This compares to Germany's deficit of $135B, or 2.67% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Ecuador recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Germany ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Ecuador posted an annual deficit equal to 2.52% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.95% of GDP for Germany.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ecuador

Germany
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ecuador Germany
2025 0.71% 2.17%
2024 1.55% 2.26%
2023 2.22% 5.95%
2022 3.47% 6.87%
2021 0.13% 3.07%
2020 -0.34% 0.14%
2019 0.27% 1.45%
2018 -0.22% 1.73%
2017 0.42% 1.51%
2016 1.73% 0.49%
2015 3.97% 0.51%
2014 3.59% 0.91%
2013 2.72% 1.5%
2012 5.1% 2.01%
2011 4.47% 2.08%
2010 3.55% 1.1%
2009 5.16% 0.31%
2008 8.4% 2.63%
2007 2.28% 2.3%
2006 3.3% 1.58%
2005 2.17% 1.55%
2004 2.74% 1.67%
2003 7.93% 1.03%
2002 12.5% 1.42%
2001 37.7% 1.98%
2000 96.1% 1.44%
1999 52.2% 0.59%
1998 36.1% 0.91%
1997 30.7% 1.94%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/germany | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Ecuador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.4%, compared with 1.83% in Germany. In 2025, inflation was 0.71% in Ecuador and 2.17% in Germany.

Top exports between countries

Ecuador
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $383M
Raw agricultural goods $201M
Raw materials & minerals $109M
Chemicals & pharma $13.4M
Animal & marine products $12.5M
Machinery & equipment $3.99M
Wood & paper products $3.81M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.49M
Metals $1.28M
Miscellaneous $113K
Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $285M
Chemicals & pharma $160M
Miscellaneous $42.5M
Raw materials & minerals $30.8M
Wood & paper products $21.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $20.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $17.2M
Metals $15.2M
Animal & marine products $5.11M
Raw agricultural goods $4.23M

Balance of trade

Ecuador Germany
Current account balance
$7.7B
2025
$228B
2025
Current account balance ranking
28/190
2025
2/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.91%
2025
+4.51%
2025
Goods imports
$31.1B
2025
$1.32T
2025
Goods exports
$37.4B
2025
$1.53T
2025
Service imports
$6.22B
2025
$602B
2025
Service exports
$4.14B
2025
$518B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.9%
2025
38.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
40.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ecuador Germany
Economic freedom 55.6 71.7
Economic freedom ranking 127/197 30/197
Property rights 33.2 95.5
Government integrity 33 84.5
Judicial effectiveness 48.1 94.6
Tax burden 74.2 60.5
Government spending 54.9 28.8
Fiscal health 90.3 83.1
Business freedom 64.3 79.8
Labor freedom 56.9 52.2
Monetary freedom 76.3 72.5
Trade freedom 66.4 79.4
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ecuador
Germany
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ecuador Germany
2026 55.6 71.7
2025 55.8 71.6
2024 55 72.1
2023 55 73.7
2022 54.3 76.1
2021 52.4 72.5
2020 51.3 73.5
2019 46.9 73.5
2018 48.5 74.2
2017 49.3 73.8
2016 48.6 74.4
2015 49.2 73.8
2014 48 73.4
2013 46.9 72.8
2012 48.3 71
2011 47.1 71.8
2010 49.3 71.1
2009 52.5 70.5
2008 55.2 70.6
2007 55.3 70.8
2006 54.6 70.8
2005 52.9 68.1
2004 54.4 69.5
2003 54.1 69.7
2002 53.1 70.4
2001 55.1 69.5
2000 59.8 65.7
1999 62.9 65.6
1998 62.8 64.3
1997 61 67.5
1996 60.1 69.1
1995 57.7 69.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/germany | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ecuador is 55.6, ranking 127/197, compared to 71.7 for Germany, ranking 30/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ecuador Germany
Services, % of GDP
57%
2025
64.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.7%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.7%
2025
0.87%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$126B
2025
$5.03T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$16,290
2025
$78,140
2025
Total reserves including gold
$9.8B
2025
$572B
2025
Total reserves ranking
79/177
2025
7/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.3B
2025
$12.9B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$446M
2024
$62.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.05%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.4%
2025
14.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.9%
2025
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/germany | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.