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Economy of Equatorial Guinea vs Germany compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Equatorial Guinea has a GDP of $12.8B compared to $5.05T for Germany, ranking 150/197 and 3/197 by economy size, respectively.

Equatorial Guinea has $5.21B in government debt (40.6% of GDP), compared to $3.18T (62.9% of GDP) in Germany.

Equatorial Guinea vs Germany GDP by year

Equatorial Guinea
Germany
1x
Year GDP, current $
Equatorial Guinea Germany
2025 $12,823,210,426 $5,050,922,925,047
2024 $13,254,388,261 $4,685,592,577,805
2023 $12,541,814,273 $4,562,207,532,490
2022 $13,687,643,436 $4,201,021,706,479
2021 $12,215,878,033 $4,355,251,953,411
2020 $9,893,816,008 $3,941,398,957,074
2019 $11,364,133,550 $3,959,894,794,039
2018 $13,097,012,134 $4,055,433,215,302
2017 $12,200,913,879 $3,765,351,626,106
2016 $11,240,808,848 $3,536,787,895,179
2015 $13,185,496,881 $3,425,099,578,746
2014 $21,765,453,082 $3,964,870,735,761
2013 $21,948,834,284 $3,807,023,797,051
2012 $22,388,344,144 $3,596,483,233,406
2011 $21,357,343,669 $3,823,575,803,794
2010 $16,314,443,436 $3,467,093,769,667
2009 $15,027,795,173 $3,478,545,516,684
2008 $19,749,893,536 $3,808,197,720,125
2007 $13,071,718,759 $3,484,056,680,855
2006 $10,086,528,699 $3,046,308,753,671
2005 $8,217,369,093 $2,893,393,187,362
2004 $4,410,764,339 $2,852,317,768,062
2003 $2,484,745,935 $2,534,715,518,349
2002 $1,806,742,742 $2,102,350,798,306
2001 $1,461,139,022 $1,966,381,496,642
2000 $1,045,998,496 $1,966,980,701,145
1999 $621,117,886 $2,213,873,468,587
1998 $370,687,634 $2,247,760,364,566
1997 $442,337,871 $2,218,790,886,533
1996 $232,463,023 $2,506,576,553,158
1995 $141,853,361 $2,593,053,091,306
1994 $100,807,003 $2,215,282,632,277
1993 $136,047,906 $2,078,954,217,438
1992 $134,707,184 $2,141,377,582,968
1991 $110,906,029 $1,875,792,575,133
1990 $112,119,411 $1,778,162,195,860
1989 $88,265,975 $1,404,092,925,205
1988 $100,534,657 $1,406,367,016,372
1987 $93,345,860 $1,302,932,318,825
1986 $76,407,396 $1,050,092,624,516
1985 $62,118,570 $735,218,723,093
1984 $50,320,914 $727,767,760,979
1983 $44,442,457 $773,507,930,295
1982 $44,294,648 $779,421,633,755
1981 $36,731,423 $803,404,797,058
1980 $50,642,881 $953,772,499,462
1979 - $884,574,218,333
1978 - $743,182,891,918
1977 $103,987,520 $602,698,323,086
1976 $103,653,050 $521,658,712,133
1975 $104,295,643 $492,434,094,920
1974 $94,159,863 $446,934,971,657
1973 $81,203,227 $399,833,571,167
1972 $65,429,198 $300,899,944,795
1971 $64,946,955 $250,900,942,397
1970 $66,331,429 $216,629,229,947
1969 $67,225,714 $177,733,486,326
1968 $67,514,286 $156,527,292,653
1967 $72,317,447 $145,100,667,773
1966 $69,110,000 $143,304,275,684
1965 $64,748,333 $134,774,688,191
1964 $51,915,000 $123,330,404,665
1963 $44,266,667 $112,232,503,744
1962 $37,253,333 $105,895,435,234
1961 - $96,558,204,043
1960 - $84,619,845,881

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/germany | CC BY

GDP per capita in Equatorial Guinea vs Germany by year

Equatorial Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Equatorial Guinea Germany
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $6,615 - $60,496 -
2024 $7,004 $17,567 $56,104 $73,552
2023 $6,788 $17,412 $54,777 $71,684
2022 $7,589 $18,140 $50,507 $69,049
2021 $6,946 $16,821 $52,349 $62,531
2020 $5,764 $13,677 $47,395 $58,686
2019 $6,804 $16,451 $47,656 $59,271
2018 $8,102 $18,413 $48,916 $56,273
2017 $7,809 $18,435 $45,554 $54,110
2016 $7,453 $16,649 $42,949 $51,570
2015 $9,069 $19,479 $41,930 $48,545
2014 $15,549 $27,177 $48,960 $47,939
2013 $16,304 $27,910 $47,207 $45,889
2012 $17,309 $30,012 $44,718 $44,229
2011 $17,198 $27,242 $47,631 $43,398
2010 $13,720 $26,168 $42,397 $39,726
2009 $13,233 $29,722 $42,472 $37,574
2008 $18,211 $30,523 $46,379 $38,444
2007 $12,617 $26,611 $42,351 $36,914
2006 $10,185 $23,511 $36,980 $34,741
2005 $8,674 $22,137 $35,084 $32,314
2004 $4,901 $19,354 $34,567 $31,753
2003 $2,931 $14,496 $30,711 $30,301
2002 $2,264 $13,255 $25,487 $29,514
2001 $1,949 $11,627 $23,878 $28,674
2000 $1,487 $7,420 $23,926 $27,474
1999 $931 $6,470 $26,965 $26,518
1998 $578 $5,280 $27,396 $25,446
1997 $717 $4,387 $27,047 $24,649
1996 $392 $1,793 $30,600 $24,169
1995 $248.3 $1,098 $31,747 $23,631
1994 $183.2 $951 $27,202 $22,869
1993 $256.7 $828 $25,617 $21,900
1992 $263.7 $756 $26,560 $21,746
1991 $225.3 $569 $23,443 $21,001
1990 $236.4 $577 $22,386 $19,468
1989 $193.2 - $17,829 -
1988 $228.7 - $17,997 -
1987 $220.9 - $16,739 -
1986 $188.8 - $13,511 -
1985 $161.1 - $9,464 -
1984 $137.9 - $9,347 -
1983 $129.4 - $9,900 -
1982 $137.5 - $9,950 -
1981 $121.1 - $10,246 -
1980 $175.5 - $12,183 -
1979 - - $11,322 -
1978 - - $9,517 -
1977 $376 - $7,711 -
1976 $369 - $6,659 -
1975 $362 - $6,259 -
1974 $319 - $5,660 -
1973 $268.6 - $5,065 -
1972 $211.4 - $3,824 -
1971 $205.6 - $3,204 -
1970 $206.8 - $2,771 -
1969 $208.4 - $2,281 -
1968 $211.7 - $2,025 -
1967 $231.9 - $1,886 -
1966 $226.7 - $1,871 -
1965 $217.1 - $1,774 -
1964 $177.8 - $1,637 -
1963 $154.8 - $1,502 -
1962 $132.9 - $1,431 -
1961 - - $1,316 -
1960 - - $1,162 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/germany | CC BY

Equatorial Guinea's GDP per capita is $6,615, ranking 107/197, compared to $60,496 in Germany, ranking 18/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Equatorial Guinea ranks 106th at $17,567, while Germany ranks 20th at $73,552.

Economic indicators

Equatorial Guinea Germany
Gross domestic product
$12.8B
2025
$5.05T
2025
GDP rank
150/197
2025
3/197
2025
GDP growth
-5.85%
2024-2025
0.24%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$6,615
2025
$60,496
2025
GDP per capita rank
107/197
2025
18/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,567
2024
$73,552
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
106/197
2024
20/197
2024
Government debt
$5.21B
2025
$3.18T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
40.6%
2025
62.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,686
2025
$38,071
2025
Government debt per person rank
109/185
2025
21/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,723
2026
$40,352
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.9T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,648,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
212
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.1%
2022
26.2%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.6%
2022
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.7%
2025
50.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.8%
2024-2025
2.17%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
8.6%
2014
3.8%
2025
Population
2008950
82830814

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Equatorial Guinea
Spending

Debt
Germany
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Equatorial Guinea Germany
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 20.7% 40.6% 50.5% 62.9%
2024 18.5% 36.4% 49.4% 62.2%
2023 19.2% 39.1% 48.1% 62.3%
2022 14.8% 29.8% 48.6% 64.4%
2021 12.7% 42.3% 50.7% 67.9%
2020 16.2% 49.4% 51.1% 68%
2019 16.8% 43.2% 45.5% 58.7%
2018 19.1% 40.6% 44.7% 60.8%
2017 20.1% 36.2% 44.5% 64%
2016 27.8% 41.1% 44.7% 68.3%
2015 41.6% 31.7% 44.5% 71.2%
2014 31.6% 12.6% 44.5% 74.5%
2013 29.3% 6.27% 45.2% 77.5%
2012 35.2% 7.1% 45.1% 79.8%
2011 27.5% 7.17% 45.3% 78.5%
2010 31.2% 7.89% 48.1% 81%
2009 39.8% 4.34% 48.3% 72.4%
2008 19.9% 0.49% 44.4% 65.2%
2007 19.7% 0.75% 43.5% 63.7%
2006 18.1% 1.22% 45.3% 66.4%
2005 14.1% 2.85% 46.9% 67.1%
2004 15.5% 4.54% 47% 65%
2003 11.8% 6.77% 48.5% 63.3%
2002 11.3% 19.4% 48.2% 59.8%
2001 13.5% 25.5% 47.7% 58.1%
2000 22.6% 36.6% 48.1% 59.2%
1999 18.7% 60.5% 48.5% 60.3%
1998 35.1% 59.2% 48.3% 59.4%
1997 14.8% 46.3% 48.8% 58.8%
1996 22.9% 91.2% 49.6% 57.7%
1995 141.5% 136.9% 55.2% 54.9%
1994 510% 216% 48.3% 47.5%
1993 256.3% 152.6% 48.3% 45.1%
1992 595% 136.9% 47.4% 41.4%
1991 284.5% 169.5% 46.5% 39%
1990 212.9% 157% 44.7% 40.7%
1989 116.8% 187% 44.3% 39.2%
1988 227.9% 154.5% 45.6% 40.5%
1987 183% 141.3% 46% 40.1%
1986 119% 152.5% 45.7% 39.1%
1985 115.4% 183.8% 46.6% 39.2%
1984 - - 47.2% 38.7%
1983 - - 47.9% 38%
1982 - - 49.1% 36.4%
1981 - - 49% 33.6%
1980 - - 48.2% 30.1%
1979 - - 47.4% 28.2%
1978 - - 47.7% 27.4%
1977 - - 49% 26%
1976 - - 49.4% 25.1%
1975 - - 50.3% 23.7%
1974 - - 46% 18.5%
1973 - - 42.4% 17.3%
1972 - - 41.8% 18%
1971 - - 40.9% 17.7%
1970 - - 39.5% 17.7%
1969 - - 29.7% 20.3%
1968 - - 28.5% 22.5%
1967 - - 28.8% 22.5%
1966 - - 28.3% 19.8%
1965 - - 28.4% 18.7%
1964 - - 29% 18.2%
1963 - - 29.1% 18.1%
1962 - - 29.2% 17.6%
1961 - - 28.8% 18.7%
1960 - - 22.9% 18.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Equatorial Guinea's government spending was $2.65B, accounting for 20.7% of its GDP, while Germany spent $2.55T, or 50.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 40.6% in Equatorial Guinea and 62.9% in Germany, ranking 132/185 and 70/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Equatorial Guinea

Germany
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Equatorial Guinea Germany
2025 -2.55% -2.67%
2024 -0.55% -2.66%
2023 2.39% -2.49%
2022 11.7% -1.91%
2021 2.65% -3.17%
2020 -1.77% -4.38%
2019 1.82% 1.33%
2018 0.52% 1.88%
2017 -2.59% 1.34%
2016 -10.9% 1.13%
2015 -15.1% 0.91%
2014 -7.54% 0.73%
2013 -4.4% 0.12%
2012 -7.24% -0.05%
2011 0.83% -0.84%
2010 -4.53% -4.42%
2009 -6.47% -3.18%
2008 14.6% -0.26%
2007 17.2% 0.15%
2006 21.8% -1.76%
2005 18.5% -3.37%
2004 9.22% -3.42%
2003 9.99% -3.83%
2002 17.6% -4.09%
2001 14.9% -3.12%
2000 -2.67% -1.71%
1999 -0.19% -1.87%
1998 -7.65% -2.65%
1997 3.21% -3.03%
1996 -6.36% -3.64%
1995 -123.4% -9.44%
1994 -487% -2.54%
1993 -217.9% -3.11%
1992 -557% -2.63%
1991 -236% -3.21%
1990 -160.2% -1.94%
1989 -76.2% 0.08%
1988 -208.5% -2.02%
1987 -158% -1.85%
1986 -97.3% -1.18%
1985 -89.3% -1.18%
1984 - -2.04%
1983 - -2.95%
1982 - -3.56%
1981 - -4.03%
1980 - -3.02%
1979 - -2.71%
1978 - -2.62%
1977 - -2.56%
1976 - -3.5%
1975 - -5.78%
1974 - -1.69%
1973 - 1.14%
1972 - -0.37%
1971 - 0.16%
1970 - 0.53%
1969 - -0.43%
1968 - 1.39%
1967 - 2.73%
1966 - 1.76%
1965 - 2.26%
1964 - 1.49%
1963 - 1.43%
1962 - 0.49%
1961 - -0.12%
1960 - -0.34%
1959 - 0.77%
1958 - 1.77%
1957 - 1.99%
1956 - 0.59%
1955 - -1.41%
1954 - -0.37%
1953 - -0.13%
1952 - 0%
1951 - 1.15%
1950 - 1.81%
1949 - -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 - -0.64%
1933 - -0.43%
1932 - -1.11%
1931 - -1.03%
1930 - -1.52%
1929 - -0.9%
1928 - -1.47%
1927 - -0.44%
1926 - -1.3%
1925 - 0.34%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.007%
1912 - -0.26%
1911 - 0.06%
1910 - -0.21%
1909 - 0.11%
1908 - -0.11%
1907 - -0.14%
1906 - 0.76%
1905 - 1.21%
1904 - 0.41%
1903 - 0.88%
1902 - 0.08%
1901 - 0.91%
1900 - 0.27%
1899 - 0.6%
1898 - 0.47%
1897 - 0.39%
1896 - 0.63%
1895 - 0.47%
1894 - 0.44%
1893 - 0.42%
1892 - -0.24%
1891 - 1.18%
1890 - 0.12%
1889 - 1.16%
1888 - 0.62%
1887 - 0.88%
1886 - 0.23%
1885 - 0.21%
1884 - 0.23%
1883 - 0.55%
1882 - 0.41%
1881 - 0.12%
1880 - -0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Equatorial Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $327M, equivalent to 2.55% of GDP. This compares to Germany's deficit of $135B, or 2.67% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Equatorial Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Germany ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Equatorial Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to 57.2% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.95% of GDP for Germany.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Equatorial Guinea

Germany
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Equatorial Guinea Germany
2025 2.8% 2.17%
2024 3.4% 2.26%
2023 2.4% 5.95%
2022 4.9% 6.87%
2021 -0.1% 3.07%
2020 4.8% 0.14%
2019 1.2% 1.45%
2018 1.3% 1.73%
2017 0.7% 1.51%
2016 1.4% 0.49%
2015 1.7% 0.51%
2014 4.3% 0.91%
2013 3.2% 1.5%
2012 3.4% 2.01%
2011 4.8% 2.08%
2010 5.3% 1.1%
2009 5.7% 0.31%
2008 4.7% 2.63%
2007 2.8% 2.3%
2006 4.5% 1.58%
2005 5.6% 1.55%
2004 4.2% 1.67%
2003 7.3% 1.03%
2002 7.6% 1.42%
2001 8.7% 1.98%
2000 4.8% 1.44%
1999 0.4% 0.59%
1998 7.9% 0.91%
1997 3% 1.94%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/germany | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Equatorial Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 1.83% in Germany. In 2025, inflation was 2.8% in Equatorial Guinea and 2.17% in Germany.

Top exports between countries

Equatorial Guinea
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $130M
Raw materials & minerals $18.1M
Miscellaneous $700K
Machinery & equipment $71K
Metals $25K
Animal & marine products $5K
Wood & paper products $4K
Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $16.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $12.1M
Animal & marine products $1.62M
Chemicals & pharma $1.47M
Raw agricultural goods $671K
Metals $651K
Raw materials & minerals $543K
Wood & paper products $322K
Textiles & consumer goods $135K
Miscellaneous $24K

Balance of trade

Equatorial Guinea Germany
Current account balance
-$344M
1996
$228B
2025
Current account balance ranking
98/190
1996
2/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-148%
1996
+4.51%
2025
Goods imports
$292M
1996
$1.32T
2025
Goods exports
$175M
1996
$1.53T
2025
Service imports
$185M
1996
$602B
2025
Service exports
$4.88M
1996
$518B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
28.4%
2025
38.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
46.5%
2025
40.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Equatorial Guinea Germany
Economic freedom 47.4 71.7
Economic freedom ranking 175/197 30/197
Property rights 16.9 95.5
Government integrity 6.9 84.5
Judicial effectiveness 7.2 94.6
Tax burden 81 60.5
Government spending 90.8 28.8
Fiscal health 97.3 83.1
Business freedom 35.9 79.8
Labor freedom 45.2 52.2
Monetary freedom 73.5 72.5
Trade freedom 43.6 79.4
Investment freedom 40 60
Financial freedom 30 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Equatorial Guinea
Germany
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Equatorial Guinea Germany
2026 47.4 71.7
2025 47.7 71.6
2024 47.7 72.1
2023 48.3 73.7
2022 47.2 76.1
2021 49.2 72.5
2020 48.3 73.5
2019 41 73.5
2018 42 74.2
2017 45 73.8
2016 43.7 74.4
2015 40.4 73.8
2014 44.4 73.4
2013 42.3 72.8
2012 42.8 71
2011 47.5 71.8
2010 48.6 71.1
2009 51.3 70.5
2008 51.6 70.6
2007 53.2 70.8
2006 51.5 70.8
2005 53.3 68.1
2004 53.3 69.5
2003 53.1 69.7
2002 46.4 70.4
2001 47.9 69.5
2000 45.6 65.7
1999 45.1 65.6
1998 - 64.3
1997 - 67.5
1996 - 69.1
1995 - 69.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/germany | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Equatorial Guinea is 47.4, ranking 175/197, compared to 71.7 for Germany, ranking 30/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Equatorial Guinea Germany
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
64.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
41.4%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.21%
2025
0.87%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$11.4B
2025
$5.03T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,610
2025
$78,140
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.08B
2024
$572B
2025
Total reserves ranking
141/177
2024
7/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$376M
1996
$12.9B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$188M
2024
$62.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$154M
2024
$87B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
50.7%
2022
14.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
-3.68%
2025
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/germany | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2014, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.