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Economy of Cambodia vs Germany compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Cambodia has a GDP of $51.3B compared to $5.05T for Germany, ranking 94/197 and 3/197 by economy size, respectively.

Cambodia has $13.6B in government debt (26.5% of GDP), compared to $3.18T (62.9% of GDP) in Germany.

Cambodia vs Germany GDP by year

Cambodia
Germany
1x
Year GDP, current $
Cambodia Germany
2025 $51,267,065,843 $5,050,922,925,047
2024 $46,352,647,037 $4,685,592,577,805
2023 $42,335,646,896 $4,562,207,532,490
2022 $39,994,532,960 $4,201,021,706,479
2021 $36,790,163,687 $4,355,251,953,411
2020 $34,818,073,901 $3,941,398,957,074
2019 $36,685,356,408 $3,959,894,794,039
2018 $33,145,892,169 $4,055,433,215,302
2017 $29,355,665,910 $3,765,351,626,106
2016 $26,556,545,153 $3,536,787,895,179
2015 $24,174,170,369 $3,425,099,578,746
2014 $22,041,463,968 $3,964,870,735,761
2013 $19,807,135,253 $3,807,023,797,051
2012 $17,826,536,700 $3,596,483,233,406
2011 $16,032,622,024 $3,823,575,803,794
2010 $13,808,673,288 $3,467,093,769,667
2009 $12,502,901,170 $3,478,545,516,684
2008 $12,174,303,999 $3,808,197,720,125
2007 $10,127,916,460 $3,484,056,680,855
2006 $8,350,531,017 $3,046,308,753,671
2005 $7,066,296,463 $2,893,393,187,362
2004 $5,883,297,160 $2,852,317,768,062
2003 $5,046,693,484 $2,534,715,518,349
2002 $4,501,227,627 $2,102,350,798,306
2001 $4,145,665,970 $1,966,381,496,642
2000 $3,694,168,979 $1,966,980,701,145
1999 $3,517,242,477 $2,213,873,468,587
1998 $3,120,425,503 $2,247,760,364,566
1997 $3,443,413,389 $2,218,790,886,533
1996 $3,506,695,720 $2,506,576,553,158
1995 $3,441,205,693 $2,593,053,091,306
1994 $2,791,435,272 $2,215,282,632,277
1993 $2,533,727,592 $2,078,954,217,438
1992 $2,491,486,594 $2,141,377,582,968
1991 $2,054,974,089 $1,875,792,575,133
1990 $1,402,541,177 $1,778,162,195,860
1989 $1,353,137,648 $1,404,092,925,205
1988 $1,662,877,859 $1,406,367,016,372
1987 $1,036,974,910 $1,302,932,318,825
1986 $1,167,630,318 $1,050,092,624,516
1985 $1,102,669,184 $735,218,723,093
1984 $1,021,176,059 $727,767,760,979
1983 $939,291,262 $773,507,930,295
1982 $865,516,040 $779,421,633,755
1981 $815,153,652 $803,404,797,058
1980 $744,384,130 $953,772,499,462
1979 $723,738,503 $884,574,218,333
1978 $766,642,356 $743,182,891,918
1977 $716,261,764 $602,698,323,086
1976 $790,357,255 $521,658,712,133
1975 $749,129,748 $492,434,094,920
1974 - $446,934,971,657
1973 - $399,833,571,167
1972 - $300,899,944,795
1971 - $250,900,942,397
1970 - $216,629,229,947
1969 - $177,733,486,326
1968 - $156,527,292,653
1967 - $145,100,667,773
1966 - $143,304,275,684
1965 - $134,774,688,191
1964 - $123,330,404,665
1963 - $112,232,503,744
1962 - $105,895,435,234
1961 - $96,558,204,043
1960 - $84,619,845,881

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/germany | CC BY

GDP per capita in Cambodia vs Germany by year

Cambodia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Cambodia Germany
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,872 - $60,496 -
2024 $2,628 $7,967 $56,104 $73,552
2023 $2,430 $7,431 $54,777 $71,684
2022 $2,325 $6,919 $50,507 $69,049
2021 $2,167 $6,226 $52,349 $62,531
2020 $2,082 $5,942 $47,395 $58,686
2019 $2,226 $6,154 $47,656 $59,271
2018 $2,037 $5,617 $48,916 $56,273
2017 $1,826 $5,050 $45,554 $54,110
2016 $1,675 $4,748 $42,949 $51,570
2015 $1,547 $4,434 $41,930 $48,545
2014 $1,432 $4,118 $48,960 $47,939
2013 $1,306 $3,891 $47,207 $45,889
2012 $1,193 $3,583 $44,718 $44,229
2011 $1,089 $3,223 $47,631 $43,398
2010 $952 $2,989 $42,397 $39,726
2009 $876 $2,854 $42,472 $37,574
2008 $866 $2,769 $46,379 $38,444
2007 $732 $2,566 $42,351 $36,914
2006 $612 $2,297 $36,980 $34,741
2005 $526 $2,038 $35,084 $32,314
2004 $444 $1,770 $34,567 $31,753
2003 $387 $1,598 $30,711 $30,301
2002 $350 $1,442 $25,487 $29,514
2001 $328 $1,357 $23,878 $28,674
2000 $296.4 $1,256 $23,926 $27,474
1999 $286.8 $1,134 $26,965 $26,518
1998 $258.8 $1,009 $27,396 $25,446
1997 $297.6 $994 $27,047 $24,649
1996 $325 $1,006 $30,600 $24,169
1995 $343 $1,006 $31,747 $23,631
1994 $302 $972 $27,202 $22,869
1993 $294.1 $1,565 $25,617 $21,900
1992 $307 $1,560 $26,560 $21,746
1991 $267.3 $1,504 $23,443 $21,001
1990 $190.2 $1,410 $22,386 $19,468
1989 $191.3 - $17,829 -
1988 $244.1 - $17,997 -
1987 $158.1 - $16,739 -
1986 $185.8 - $13,511 -
1985 $182.4 - $9,464 -
1984 $174.7 - $9,347 -
1983 $166.7 - $9,900 -
1982 $159.2 - $9,950 -
1981 $154.3 - $10,246 -
1980 $143.2 - $12,183 -
1979 $142.2 - $11,322 -
1978 $147.1 - $9,517 -
1977 $126.4 - $7,711 -
1976 $128.8 - $6,659 -
1975 $113.8 - $6,259 -
1974 - - $5,660 -
1973 - - $5,065 -
1972 - - $3,824 -
1971 - - $3,204 -
1970 - - $2,771 -
1969 - - $2,281 -
1968 - - $2,025 -
1967 - - $1,886 -
1966 - - $1,871 -
1965 - - $1,774 -
1964 - - $1,637 -
1963 - - $1,502 -
1962 - - $1,431 -
1961 - - $1,316 -
1960 - - $1,162 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/germany | CC BY

Cambodia's GDP per capita is $2,872, ranking 148/197, compared to $60,496 in Germany, ranking 18/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cambodia ranks 142nd at $7,967, while Germany ranks 20th at $73,552.

Economic indicators

Cambodia Germany
Gross domestic product
$51.3B
2025
$5.05T
2025
GDP rank
94/197
2025
3/197
2025
GDP growth
5.35%
2024-2025
0.24%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,872
2025
$60,496
2025
GDP per capita rank
148/197
2025
18/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,967
2024
$73,552
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
142/197
2024
20/197
2024
Government debt
$13.6B
2025
$3.18T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
26.5%
2025
62.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$760
2025
$38,071
2025
Government debt per person rank
153/185
2025
21/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,268
2026
$40,352
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.9T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,648,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
212
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
26.2%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
16.3%
2025
50.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.5%
2024-2025
2.17%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
0.26%
2023
3.8%
2025
Population
18159213
82830814

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Cambodia
Spending

Debt
Germany
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Cambodia Germany
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 16.3% 26.5% 50.5% 62.9%
2024 16.6% 26.1% 49.4% 62.2%
2023 19.1% 26.3% 48.1% 62.3%
2022 18.5% 25.3% 48.6% 64.4%
2021 21.4% 26.4% 50.7% 67.9%
2020 20.5% 25.5% 51.1% 68%
2019 17.9% 21.2% 45.5% 58.7%
2018 16.2% 21.3% 44.7% 60.8%
2017 16.3% 22.9% 44.5% 64%
2016 15.3% 22% 44.7% 68.3%
2015 14.5% 23.4% 44.5% 71.2%
2014 16.4% 24% 44.5% 74.5%
2013 16.5% 24.6% 45.2% 77.5%
2012 17.2% 25% 45.1% 79.8%
2011 16.4% 23.7% 45.3% 78.5%
2010 17.1% 23.5% 48.1% 81%
2009 16.6% 23.1% 48.3% 72.4%
2008 12.9% 22.7% 44.4% 65.2%
2007 12.4% 25.3% 43.5% 63.7%
2006 11.2% 26.6% 45.3% 66.4%
2005 10.8% 31.3% 46.9% 67.1%
2004 12.4% 38.1% 47% 65%
2003 14.5% 39.6% 48.5% 63.3%
2002 16% 37.8% 48.2% 59.8%
2001 14.6% 33.6% 47.7% 58.1%
2000 14.6% 34.1% 48.1% 59.2%
1999 13.8% 34.7% 48.5% 60.3%
1998 13.4% 37.2% 48.3% 59.4%
1997 12.4% 31.6% 48.8% 58.8%
1996 15.7% 30.2% 49.6% 57.7%
1995 - - 55.2% 54.9%
1994 - - 48.3% 47.5%
1993 - - 48.3% 45.1%
1992 - - 47.4% 41.4%
1991 - - 46.5% 39%
1990 - - 44.7% 40.7%
1989 - - 44.3% 39.2%
1988 - - 45.6% 40.5%
1987 - - 46% 40.1%
1986 - - 45.7% 39.1%
1985 - - 46.6% 39.2%
1984 - - 47.2% 38.7%
1983 - - 47.9% 38%
1982 - - 49.1% 36.4%
1981 - - 49% 33.6%
1980 - - 48.2% 30.1%
1979 - - 47.4% 28.2%
1978 - - 47.7% 27.4%
1977 - - 49% 26%
1976 - - 49.4% 25.1%
1975 - - 50.3% 23.7%
1974 - - 46% 18.5%
1973 - - 42.4% 17.3%
1972 - - 41.8% 18%
1971 - - 40.9% 17.7%
1970 - - 39.5% 17.7%
1969 - - 29.7% 20.3%
1968 - - 28.5% 22.5%
1967 - - 28.8% 22.5%
1966 - - 28.3% 19.8%
1965 - - 28.4% 18.7%
1964 - - 29% 18.2%
1963 - - 29.1% 18.1%
1962 - - 29.2% 17.6%
1961 - - 28.8% 18.7%
1960 - - 22.9% 18.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Cambodia's government spending was $8.36B, accounting for 16.3% of its GDP, while Germany spent $2.55T, or 50.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 26.5% in Cambodia and 62.9% in Germany, ranking 166/185 and 70/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Cambodia

Germany
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Cambodia Germany
2025 -1% -2.67%
2024 -1.45% -2.66%
2023 -2.83% -2.49%
2022 -0.29% -1.91%
2021 -5.27% -3.17%
2020 -2.56% -4.38%
2019 2.23% 1.33%
2018 0.28% 1.88%
2017 -0.77% 1.34%
2016 -0.29% 1.13%
2015 -0.65% 0.91%
2014 -1.24% 0.73%
2013 -2.02% 0.12%
2012 -3.58% -0.05%
2011 -3.75% -0.84%
2010 -3.11% -4.42%
2009 -3.88% -3.18%
2008 0.42% -0.26%
2007 0.63% 0.15%
2006 -0.15% -1.76%
2005 -0.34% -3.37%
2004 -3.18% -3.42%
2003 -5.67% -3.83%
2002 -6.06% -4.09%
2001 -4.96% -3.12%
2000 -4.66% -1.71%
1999 -3.8% -1.87%
1998 -5.36% -2.65%
1997 -3.72% -3.03%
1996 -7.54% -3.64%
1995 - -9.44%
1994 - -2.54%
1993 - -3.11%
1992 - -2.63%
1991 - -3.21%
1990 - -1.94%
1989 - 0.08%
1988 - -2.02%
1987 - -1.85%
1986 - -1.18%
1985 - -1.18%
1984 - -2.04%
1983 - -2.95%
1982 - -3.56%
1981 - -4.03%
1980 - -3.02%
1979 - -2.71%
1978 - -2.62%
1977 - -2.56%
1976 - -3.5%
1975 - -5.78%
1974 - -1.69%
1973 - 1.14%
1972 - -0.37%
1971 - 0.16%
1970 - 0.53%
1969 - -0.43%
1968 - 1.39%
1967 - 2.73%
1966 - 1.76%
1965 - 2.26%
1964 - 1.49%
1963 - 1.43%
1962 - 0.49%
1961 - -0.12%
1960 - -0.34%
1959 - 0.77%
1958 - 1.77%
1957 - 1.99%
1956 - 0.59%
1955 - -1.41%
1954 - -0.37%
1953 - -0.13%
1952 - 0%
1951 - 1.15%
1950 - 1.81%
1949 - -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 - -0.64%
1933 - -0.43%
1932 - -1.11%
1931 - -1.03%
1930 - -1.52%
1929 - -0.9%
1928 - -1.47%
1927 - -0.44%
1926 - -1.3%
1925 - 0.34%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.007%
1912 - -0.26%
1911 - 0.06%
1910 - -0.21%
1909 - 0.11%
1908 - -0.11%
1907 - -0.14%
1906 - 0.76%
1905 - 1.21%
1904 - 0.41%
1903 - 0.88%
1902 - 0.08%
1901 - 0.91%
1900 - 0.27%
1899 - 0.6%
1898 - 0.47%
1897 - 0.39%
1896 - 0.63%
1895 - 0.47%
1894 - 0.44%
1893 - 0.42%
1892 - -0.24%
1891 - 1.18%
1890 - 0.12%
1889 - 1.16%
1888 - 0.62%
1887 - 0.88%
1886 - 0.23%
1885 - 0.21%
1884 - 0.23%
1883 - 0.55%
1882 - 0.41%
1881 - 0.12%
1880 - -0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Cambodia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $513M, equivalent to 1% of GDP. This compares to Germany's deficit of $135B, or 2.67% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Cambodia recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Germany ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Cambodia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.49% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.7% of GDP for Germany.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Cambodia

Germany
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Cambodia Germany
2025 2.5% 2.17%
2024 0.8% 2.26%
2023 2.1% 5.95%
2022 5.3% 6.87%
2021 2.9% 3.07%
2020 2.9% 0.14%
2019 1.9% 1.45%
2018 2.5% 1.73%
2017 2.9% 1.51%
2016 3% 0.49%
2015 1.2% 0.51%
2014 3.9% 0.91%
2013 2.9% 1.5%
2012 2.9% 2.01%
2011 5.5% 2.08%
2010 4% 1.1%
2009 -0.7% 0.31%
2008 25% 2.63%
2007 7.7% 2.3%
2006 6.1% 1.58%
2005 6.3% 1.55%
2004 3.9% 1.67%
2003 1% 1.03%
2002 0% 1.42%
2001 -0.1% 1.98%
2000 -0.8% 1.44%
1999 2% 0.59%
1998 12.9% 0.91%
1997 10.5% 1.94%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/germany | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Cambodia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.17%, compared with 1.83% in Germany. In 2025, inflation was 2.5% in Cambodia and 2.17% in Germany.

Top exports between countries

Cambodia
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $773M
Machinery & equipment $95.3M
Raw agricultural goods $21.1M
Raw materials & minerals $8.96M
Wood & paper products $1.76M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.25M
Metals $960K
Chemicals & pharma $446K
Miscellaneous $426K
Animal & marine products $97K
Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $98.4M
Raw agricultural goods $37.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $22M
Chemicals & pharma $19.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11.3M
Raw materials & minerals $5.77M
Miscellaneous $5.26M
Animal & marine products $2.46M
Metals $1.04M
Wood & paper products $434K

Balance of trade

Cambodia Germany
Current account balance
-$1.87B
2025
$228B
2025
Current account balance ranking
139/190
2025
2/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.64%
2025
+4.51%
2025
Goods imports
$36.9B
2025
$1.32T
2025
Goods exports
$31.4B
2025
$1.53T
2025
Service imports
$3.22B
2025
$602B
2025
Service exports
$5.35B
2025
$518B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
67.4%
2025
38.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
68.6%
2025
40.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cambodia Germany
Economic freedom 58.7 71.7
Economic freedom ranking 108/197 30/197
Property rights 38.1 95.5
Government integrity 18.9 84.5
Judicial effectiveness 21.2 94.6
Tax burden 90.3 60.5
Government spending 89.9 28.8
Fiscal health 92.7 83.1
Business freedom 60.8 79.8
Labor freedom 48.3 52.2
Monetary freedom 77 72.5
Trade freedom 67.8 79.4
Investment freedom 50 60
Financial freedom 50 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Cambodia
Germany
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Cambodia Germany
2026 58.7 71.7
2025 58.2 71.6
2024 55.6 72.1
2023 56.5 73.7
2022 57.1 76.1
2021 57.3 72.5
2020 57.3 73.5
2019 57.8 73.5
2018 58.7 74.2
2017 59.5 73.8
2016 57.9 74.4
2015 57.5 73.8
2014 57.4 73.4
2013 58.5 72.8
2012 57.6 71
2011 57.9 71.8
2010 56.6 71.1
2009 56.6 70.5
2008 55.9 70.6
2007 55.9 70.8
2006 56.7 70.8
2005 60 68.1
2004 61.1 69.5
2003 63.7 69.7
2002 60.7 70.4
2001 59.6 69.5
2000 59.3 65.7
1999 59.9 65.6
1998 59.8 64.3
1997 52.8 67.5
1996 - 69.1
1995 - 69.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/germany | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Cambodia is 58.7, ranking 108/197, compared to 71.7 for Germany, ranking 30/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Cambodia Germany
Services, % of GDP
35%
2025
64.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
43.1%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.1%
2025
0.87%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$49.1B
2025
$5.03T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$8,390
2025
$78,140
2025
Total reserves including gold
$27.5B
2025
$572B
2025
Total reserves ranking
60/177
2025
7/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.96B
2025
$12.9B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.39B
2024
$62.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$172M
2024
$87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.7%
2012
14.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
31.5%
2025
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/germany | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.