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Economy of Burkina Faso vs Germany compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Burkina Faso has a GDP of $27.6B compared to $5.05T for Germany, ranking 119/197 and 3/197 by economy size, respectively.

Burkina Faso has $14.4B in government debt (52% of GDP), compared to $3.18T (62.9% of GDP) in Germany.

Burkina Faso vs Germany GDP by year

Burkina Faso
Germany
1x
Year GDP, current $
Burkina Faso Germany
2025 $27,627,297,461 $5,050,922,925,047
2024 $23,136,514,856 $4,685,592,577,805
2023 $20,106,062,972 $4,562,207,532,490
2022 $18,622,421,395 $4,201,021,706,479
2021 $19,697,516,284 $4,355,251,953,411
2020 $17,725,010,533 $3,941,398,957,074
2019 $16,032,813,503 $3,959,894,794,039
2018 $15,890,066,221 $4,055,433,215,302
2017 $14,106,955,615 $3,765,351,626,106
2016 $12,833,363,045 $3,536,787,895,179
2015 $11,832,159,316 $3,425,099,578,746
2014 $13,943,016,077 $3,964,870,735,761
2013 $13,444,300,486 $3,807,023,797,051
2012 $12,561,015,157 $3,596,483,233,406
2011 $12,080,295,978 $3,823,575,803,794
2010 $10,109,619,741 $3,467,093,769,667
2009 $9,450,696,873 $3,478,545,516,684
2008 $9,451,435,490 $3,808,197,720,125
2007 $7,625,722,837 $3,484,056,680,855
2006 $6,547,419,820 $3,046,308,753,671
2005 $6,146,353,173 $2,893,393,187,362
2004 $5,451,688,538 $2,852,317,768,062
2003 $4,740,768,143 $2,534,715,518,349
2002 $3,622,350,063 $2,102,350,798,306
2001 $3,190,371,081 $1,966,381,496,642
2000 $2,968,370,088 $1,966,980,701,145
1999 $3,389,566,713 $2,213,873,468,587
1998 $2,804,902,367 $2,247,760,364,566
1997 $2,447,669,102 $2,218,790,886,533
1996 $2,586,550,595 $2,506,576,553,158
1995 $2,379,517,975 $2,593,053,091,306
1994 $1,895,290,637 $2,215,282,632,277
1993 $3,199,536,465 $2,078,954,217,438
1992 $3,356,692,505 $2,141,377,582,968
1991 $3,135,045,584 $1,875,792,575,133
1990 $3,101,300,779 $1,778,162,195,860
1989 $2,615,587,734 $1,404,092,925,205
1988 $2,616,040,479 $1,406,367,016,372
1987 $2,369,834,950 $1,302,932,318,825
1986 $2,036,303,358 $1,050,092,624,516
1985 $1,552,493,196 $735,218,723,093
1984 $1,459,880,132 $727,767,760,979
1983 $1,600,278,605 $773,507,930,295
1982 $1,754,450,096 $779,421,633,755
1981 $1,775,842,334 $803,404,797,058
1980 $1,928,719,888 $953,772,499,462
1979 $1,748,480,621 $884,574,218,333
1978 $1,475,583,645 $743,182,891,918
1977 $1,131,224,878 $602,698,323,086
1976 $976,547,188 $521,658,712,133
1975 $939,972,703 $492,434,094,920
1974 $751,133,430 $446,934,971,657
1973 $674,773,570 $399,833,571,167
1972 $578,595,522 $300,899,944,795
1971 $482,411,179 $250,900,942,397
1970 $458,404,269 $216,629,229,947
1969 $478,298,645 $177,733,486,326
1968 $460,442,689 $156,527,292,653
1967 $450,753,924 $145,100,667,773
1966 $433,889,766 $143,304,275,684
1965 $422,916,790 $134,774,688,191
1964 $410,321,645 $123,330,404,665
1963 $394,040,667 $112,232,503,744
1962 $379,567,099 $105,895,435,234
1961 $350,247,234 $96,558,204,043
1960 $330,442,816 $84,619,845,881

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/germany | CC BY

GDP per capita in Burkina Faso vs Germany by year

Burkina Faso
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Burkina Faso Germany
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $1,148 - $60,496 -
2024 $982 $2,896 $56,104 $73,552
2023 $873 $2,759 $54,777 $71,684
2022 $827 $2,645 $50,507 $69,049
2021 $896 $2,486 $52,349 $62,531
2020 $825 $2,381 $47,395 $58,686
2019 $765 $2,232 $47,656 $59,271
2018 $777 $2,073 $48,916 $56,273
2017 $709 $2,042 $45,554 $54,110
2016 $664 $1,882 $42,949 $51,570
2015 $630 $1,692 $41,930 $48,545
2014 $765 $1,661 $48,960 $47,939
2013 $760 $1,643 $47,207 $45,889
2012 $731 $1,572 $44,718 $44,229
2011 $725 $1,531 $47,631 $43,398
2010 $625 $1,449 $42,397 $39,726
2009 $602 $1,360 $42,472 $37,574
2008 $619 $1,351 $46,379 $38,444
2007 $515 $1,290 $42,351 $36,914
2006 $456 $1,244 $36,980 $34,741
2005 $441 $1,172 $35,084 $32,314
2004 $404 $1,079 $34,567 $31,753
2003 $362 $1,038 $30,711 $30,301
2002 $285.7 $974 $25,487 $29,514
2001 $259.5 $948 $23,878 $28,674
2000 $248.9 $896 $23,926 $27,474
1999 $292.8 $886 $26,965 $26,518
1998 $249.5 $838 $27,396 $25,446
1997 $223.9 $794 $27,047 $24,649
1996 $242.7 $753 $30,600 $24,169
1995 $229.1 $684 $31,747 $23,631
1994 $187.2 $650 $27,202 $22,869
1993 $324 $644 $25,617 $21,900
1992 $349 $623 $26,560 $21,746
1991 $334 $623 $23,443 $21,001
1990 $339 $567 $22,386 $19,468
1989 $293.2 - $17,829 -
1988 $301 - $17,997 -
1987 $280.2 - $16,739 -
1986 $247.5 - $13,511 -
1985 $194.1 - $9,464 -
1984 $187.8 - $9,347 -
1983 $211.9 - $9,900 -
1982 $239 - $9,950 -
1981 $248.7 - $10,246 -
1980 $277.6 - $12,183 -
1979 $258.5 - $11,322 -
1978 $223.9 - $9,517 -
1977 $176 - $7,711 -
1976 $155.5 - $6,659 -
1975 $152.9 - $6,259 -
1974 $124.7 - $5,660 -
1973 $114.1 - $5,065 -
1972 $99.6 - $3,824 -
1971 $84.5 - $3,204 -
1970 $81.7 - $2,771 -
1969 $86.8 - $2,281 -
1968 $85 - $2,025 -
1967 $84.6 - $1,886 -
1966 $82.8 - $1,871 -
1965 $82.1 - $1,774 -
1964 $80.9 - $1,637 -
1963 $78.9 - $1,502 -
1962 $77.2 - $1,431 -
1961 $72.2 - $1,316 -
1960 $69.2 - $1,162 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/germany | CC BY

Burkina Faso's GDP per capita is $1,148, ranking 176/197, compared to $60,496 in Germany, ranking 18/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Burkina Faso ranks 181st at $2,896, while Germany ranks 20th at $73,552.

Economic indicators

Burkina Faso Germany
Gross domestic product
$27.6B
2025
$5.05T
2025
GDP rank
119/197
2025
3/197
2025
GDP growth
5.29%
2024-2025
0.24%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$1,148
2025
$60,496
2025
GDP per capita rank
176/197
2025
18/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$2,896
2024
$73,552
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
181/197
2024
20/197
2024
Government debt
$14.4B
2025
$3.18T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
52%
2025
62.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$597
2025
$38,071
2025
Government debt per person rank
163/185
2025
21/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,632
2026
$40,352
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.9T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,648,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
212
2026
Income share by richest 10%
30.2%
2021
26.2%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2021
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.1%
2025
50.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
-0.59%
2024-2025
2.17%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
7.09%
2025
3.8%
2025
Population
24880655
82830814

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Burkina Faso
Spending

Debt
Germany
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Burkina Faso Germany
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.1% 52% 50.5% 62.9%
2024 27.8% 57.2% 49.4% 62.2%
2023 29.4% 56.8% 48.1% 62.3%
2022 32.9% 59.2% 48.6% 64.4%
2021 27.8% 55.5% 50.7% 67.9%
2020 24.4% 43.6% 51.1% 68%
2019 23.3% 41.7% 45.5% 58.7%
2018 24.2% 38.1% 44.7% 60.8%
2017 26.3% 33.9% 44.5% 64%
2016 21.6% 32.9% 44.7% 68.3%
2015 20.4% 31.3% 44.5% 71.2%
2014 20.9% 26.1% 44.5% 74.5%
2013 25.3% 25.9% 45.2% 77.5%
2012 22.7% 25.2% 45.1% 79.8%
2011 20.4% 24.5% 45.3% 78.5%
2010 21.7% 23.7% 48.1% 81%
2009 21.5% 25.9% 48.3% 72.4%
2008 18.6% 24.9% 44.4% 65.2%
2007 22.8% 22.4% 43.5% 63.7%
2006 21.9% 20.1% 45.3% 66.4%
2005 20.2% 39.2% 46.9% 67.1%
2004 20.3% 40.7% 47% 65%
2003 17.6% 39.7% 48.5% 63.3%
2002 19.5% 43.3% 48.2% 59.8%
2001 19.7% 46.6% 47.7% 58.1%
2000 19.8% 47.5% 48.1% 59.2%
1999 21.4% 46.4% 48.5% 60.3%
1998 19.7% 47.7% 48.3% 59.4%
1997 20% 48.4% 48.8% 58.8%
1996 19.8% 45.8% 49.6% 57.7%
1995 19.4% 48.9% 55.2% 54.9%
1994 17.8% 55.1% 48.3% 47.5%
1993 17.9% 33.6% 48.3% 45.1%
1992 16.7% 29.6% 47.4% 41.4%
1991 17% 28.7% 46.5% 39%
1990 18.4% 25.6% 44.7% 40.7%
1989 14.2% 25.5% 44.3% 39.2%
1988 16.2% 28.8% 45.6% 40.5%
1987 19.2% 30.7% 46% 40.1%
1986 16.3% 27.6% 45.7% 39.1%
1985 11.5% 28.5% 46.6% 39.2%
1984 - - 47.2% 38.7%
1983 - - 47.9% 38%
1982 - - 49.1% 36.4%
1981 - - 49% 33.6%
1980 - - 48.2% 30.1%
1979 - - 47.4% 28.2%
1978 - - 47.7% 27.4%
1977 - - 49% 26%
1976 - - 49.4% 25.1%
1975 - - 50.3% 23.7%
1974 - - 46% 18.5%
1973 - - 42.4% 17.3%
1972 - - 41.8% 18%
1971 - - 40.9% 17.7%
1970 - - 39.5% 17.7%
1969 - - 29.7% 20.3%
1968 - - 28.5% 22.5%
1967 - - 28.8% 22.5%
1966 - - 28.3% 19.8%
1965 - - 28.4% 18.7%
1964 - - 29% 18.2%
1963 - - 29.1% 18.1%
1962 - - 29.2% 17.6%
1961 - - 28.8% 18.7%
1960 - - 22.9% 18.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2001, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Burkina Faso's government spending was $7.21B, accounting for 26.1% of its GDP, while Germany spent $2.55T, or 50.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 52% in Burkina Faso and 62.9% in Germany, ranking 100/185 and 70/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Burkina Faso

Germany
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Burkina Faso Germany
2025 -3.54% -2.67%
2024 -5.84% -2.66%
2023 -6.91% -2.49%
2022 -10.9% -1.91%
2021 -7.45% -3.17%
2020 -5.16% -4.38%
2019 -3.39% 1.33%
2018 -4.43% 1.88%
2017 -6.92% 1.34%
2016 -3.08% 1.13%
2015 -2.09% 0.91%
2014 -1.74% 0.73%
2013 -3.55% 0.12%
2012 -2.76% -0.05%
2011 -2.04% -0.84%
2010 -4.06% -4.42%
2009 -4.16% -3.18%
2008 -3.63% -0.26%
2007 -5.01% 0.15%
2006 14.3% -1.76%
2005 -4.89% -3.37%
2004 -4.19% -3.42%
2003 -1.79% -3.83%
2002 -4.43% -4.09%
2001 -3.56% -3.12%
2000 -3.03% -1.71%
1999 -3.29% -1.87%
1998 -2.6% -2.65%
1997 -2.64% -3.03%
1996 -1.67% -3.64%
1995 -2.65% -9.44%
1994 -1.89% -2.54%
1993 -3.81% -3.11%
1992 -2.51% -2.63%
1991 -2.77% -3.21%
1990 -7.54% -1.94%
1989 1.96% 0.08%
1988 -4.32% -2.02%
1987 -5.27% -1.85%
1986 -5.1% -1.18%
1985 -1.21% -1.18%
1984 - -2.04%
1983 - -2.95%
1982 - -3.56%
1981 - -4.03%
1980 - -3.02%
1979 - -2.71%
1978 - -2.62%
1977 - -2.56%
1976 - -3.5%
1975 - -5.78%
1974 - -1.69%
1973 - 1.14%
1972 - -0.37%
1971 - 0.16%
1970 - 0.53%
1969 - -0.43%
1968 - 1.39%
1967 - 2.73%
1966 - 1.76%
1965 - 2.26%
1964 - 1.49%
1963 - 1.43%
1962 - 0.49%
1961 - -0.12%
1960 - -0.34%
1959 - 0.77%
1958 - 1.77%
1957 - 1.99%
1956 - 0.59%
1955 - -1.41%
1954 - -0.37%
1953 - -0.13%
1952 - 0%
1951 - 1.15%
1950 - 1.81%
1949 - -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 - -0.64%
1933 - -0.43%
1932 - -1.11%
1931 - -1.03%
1930 - -1.52%
1929 - -0.9%
1928 - -1.47%
1927 - -0.44%
1926 - -1.3%
1925 - 0.34%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.007%
1912 - -0.26%
1911 - 0.06%
1910 - -0.21%
1909 - 0.11%
1908 - -0.11%
1907 - -0.14%
1906 - 0.76%
1905 - 1.21%
1904 - 0.41%
1903 - 0.88%
1902 - 0.08%
1901 - 0.91%
1900 - 0.27%
1899 - 0.6%
1898 - 0.47%
1897 - 0.39%
1896 - 0.63%
1895 - 0.47%
1894 - 0.44%
1893 - 0.42%
1892 - -0.24%
1891 - 1.18%
1890 - 0.12%
1889 - 1.16%
1888 - 0.62%
1887 - 0.88%
1886 - 0.23%
1885 - 0.21%
1884 - 0.23%
1883 - 0.55%
1882 - 0.41%
1881 - 0.12%
1880 - -0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/germany | CC BY

In 2025, Burkina Faso's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $978M, equivalent to 3.54% of GDP. This compares to Germany's deficit of $135B, or 2.67% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Burkina Faso recorded a fiscal deficit in 39 of those years, while Germany ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Burkina Faso posted an annual deficit equal to 3.4% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.95% of GDP for Germany.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Burkina Faso

Germany
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Burkina Faso Germany
2025 -0.59% 2.17%
2024 4.19% 2.26%
2023 0.74% 5.95%
2022 14.3% 6.87%
2021 3.65% 3.07%
2020 1.88% 0.14%
2019 -3.23% 1.45%
2018 1.96% 1.73%
2017 1.48% 1.51%
2016 0.44% 0.49%
2015 0.72% 0.51%
2014 -0.26% 0.91%
2013 0.53% 1.5%
2012 3.82% 2.01%
2011 2.76% 2.08%
2010 -0.76% 1.1%
2009 2.61% 0.31%
2008 10.7% 2.63%
2007 -0.23% 2.3%
2006 2.33% 1.58%
2005 6.42% 1.55%
2004 -0.4% 1.67%
2003 2.03% 1.03%
2002 2.18% 1.42%
2001 5.01% 1.98%
2000 -0.3% 1.44%
1999 -1.07% 0.59%
1998 5.08% 0.91%
1997 2.32% 1.94%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/germany | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Burkina Faso has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 1.83% in Germany. In 2025, inflation was -0.59% in Burkina Faso and 2.17% in Germany.

Top exports between countries

Burkina Faso
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $19.8M
Machinery & equipment $2.11M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $262K
Raw materials & minerals $40K
Precious metals & jewellery $19K
Chemicals & pharma $5K
Wood & paper products $2K
Metals $1K
Miscellaneous $1K
Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $49.9M
Raw agricultural goods $17.4M
Miscellaneous $8.45M
Chemicals & pharma $8.03M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.5M
Raw materials & minerals $3M
Metals $2.38M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.85M
Wood & paper products $344K
Animal & marine products $36K

Balance of trade

Burkina Faso Germany
Current account balance
-$918M
2024
$228B
2025
Current account balance ranking
114/190
2024
2/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.97%
2024
+4.51%
2025
Goods imports
$5.82B
2024
$1.32T
2025
Goods exports
$6.12B
2024
$1.53T
2025
Service imports
$1.47B
2024
$602B
2025
Service exports
$630M
2024
$518B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30%
2025
38.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
35%
2025
40.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Burkina Faso Germany
Economic freedom 49.1 71.7
Economic freedom ranking 167/197 30/197
Property rights 17.6 95.5
Government integrity 40.2 84.5
Judicial effectiveness 26.1 94.6
Tax burden 80.8 60.5
Government spending 72.9 28.8
Fiscal health 13.4 83.1
Business freedom 37.8 79.8
Labor freedom 62.1 52.2
Monetary freedom 71.9 72.5
Trade freedom 61 79.4
Investment freedom 65 60
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Burkina Faso
Germany
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Burkina Faso Germany
2026 49.1 71.7
2025 51 71.6
2024 51.9 72.1
2023 56.2 73.7
2022 58.3 76.1
2021 56.5 72.5
2020 56.7 73.5
2019 59.4 73.5
2018 60 74.2
2017 59.6 73.8
2016 59.1 74.4
2015 58.6 73.8
2014 58.9 73.4
2013 59.9 72.8
2012 60.6 71
2011 60.6 71.8
2010 59.4 71.1
2009 59.5 70.5
2008 55.7 70.6
2007 55.1 70.8
2006 55.8 70.8
2005 56.6 68.1
2004 58 69.5
2003 58.9 69.7
2002 58.8 70.4
2001 56.7 69.5
2000 55.7 65.7
1999 55 65.6
1998 54.5 64.3
1997 54 67.5
1996 49.4 69.1
1995 - 69.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/germany | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Burkina Faso is 49.1, ranking 167/197, compared to 71.7 for Germany, ranking 30/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Burkina Faso Germany
Services, % of GDP
41.5%
2025
64.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
19.9%
2025
0.87%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$23.6B
2025
$5.03T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$2,890
2025
$78,140
2025
Total reserves including gold n/a
$572B
2025
Total reserves ranking n/a
7/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$259M
2024
$12.9B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$202M
2024
$62.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$57M
2024
$87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.06%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
43.2%
2021
14.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.2%
2025
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2001, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.