Skip to content

Economy of Germany vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Germany has a GDP of $4.69T compared to $14.9B for Mauritius, ranking 3/197 and 143/197 by economy size, respectively.

Germany has $2.97T in government debt (63.5% of GDP), compared to $13.6B (91.1% of GDP) in Mauritius.

Germany vs Mauritius GDP by year

Germany
Mauritius
1x
Year GDP, current $
Germany Mauritius
2024 $4,685,592,577,805 $14,937,861,786
2023 $4,562,207,532,490 $14,072,212,290
2022 $4,201,021,706,479 $12,936,444,123
2021 $4,355,251,953,411 $11,622,048,697
2020 $3,941,398,957,074 $11,566,111,138
2019 $3,959,894,794,039 $14,645,235,205
2018 $4,055,433,215,302 $14,957,535,716
2017 $3,765,351,626,106 $13,896,938,315
2016 $3,536,787,895,179 $12,757,680,847
2015 $3,425,099,578,746 $12,162,211,503
2014 $3,964,870,735,761 $13,230,490,082
2013 $3,807,023,797,051 $12,434,596,541
2012 $3,596,483,233,406 $11,832,323,837
2011 $3,823,575,803,794 $11,677,718,382
2010 $3,467,093,769,667 $10,144,716,155
2009 $3,478,545,516,684 $9,264,513,545
2008 $3,808,197,720,125 $10,127,777,060
2007 $3,484,056,680,855 $8,277,442,915
2006 $3,046,308,753,671 $7,137,710,413
2005 $2,893,393,187,362 $6,576,108,447
2004 $2,852,317,768,062 $6,667,418,752
2003 $2,534,715,518,349 $5,894,873,920
2002 $2,102,350,798,306 $4,906,494,249
2001 $1,966,381,496,642 $4,675,755,867
2000 $1,966,980,701,145 $4,726,108,622
1999 $2,213,873,468,587 $4,402,193,195
1998 $2,247,760,364,566 $4,225,813,976
1997 $2,218,790,886,533 $4,243,755,308
1996 $2,506,576,553,158 $4,481,489,762
1995 $2,593,053,091,306 $4,094,741,652
1994 $2,215,282,632,277 $3,606,050,873
1993 $2,078,954,217,438 $3,307,302,126
1992 $2,141,377,582,968 $3,267,677,814
1991 $1,875,792,575,133 $2,895,354,736
1990 $1,778,162,195,860 $2,689,212,760
1989 $1,404,092,925,205 $2,211,312,823
1988 $1,406,367,016,372 $2,163,252,449
1987 $1,302,932,318,825 $1,906,174,438
1986 $1,050,092,624,516 $1,482,601,552
1985 $735,218,723,093 $1,090,611,325
1984 $727,767,760,979 $1,054,564,759
1983 $773,507,930,295 $1,104,956,573
1982 $779,421,633,755 $1,092,923,636
1981 $803,404,797,058 $1,157,769,444
1980 $953,772,499,462 $1,147,027,924
1979 $884,574,218,333 $1,227,446,632
1978 $743,182,891,918 $1,029,040,323
1977 $602,698,323,086 $834,722,972
1976 $521,658,712,133 $713,510,052
1975 $492,434,094,920 $673,311,287
1974 $446,934,971,657 $669,894,030
1973 $399,833,571,167 $404,285,775
1972 $300,899,944,795 $318,664,900
1971 $250,900,942,397 $251,437,338
1970 $216,629,229,947 $224,125,805
1969 $177,733,486,326 $221,553,613
1968 $156,527,292,653 $206,576,631
1967 $145,100,667,773 $238,439,291
1966 $143,304,275,684 $227,534,083
1965 $134,774,688,191 $230,024,161
1964 $123,330,404,665 $218,914,569
1963 $112,232,503,744 $253,839,558
1962 $105,895,435,234 $197,738,208
1961 $96,558,204,043 $191,757,729
1960 $84,619,845,881 $162,089,564

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/mauritius | CC BY

GDP per capita in Germany vs Mauritius by year

Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Germany Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,104 $73,552 $11,991 $31,840
2023 $54,777 $71,684 $11,270 $29,561
2022 $50,507 $69,049 $10,247 $26,874
2021 $52,349 $62,531 $9,178 $23,010
2020 $47,395 $58,686 $9,136 $21,622
2019 $47,656 $59,271 $11,568 $24,375
2018 $48,916 $56,273 $11,819 $23,416
2017 $45,554 $54,110 $10,987 $22,898
2016 $42,949 $51,570 $10,095 $21,952
2015 $41,930 $48,545 $9,631 $20,270
2014 $48,960 $47,939 $10,490 $19,294
2013 $47,207 $45,889 $9,877 $18,435
2012 $44,718 $44,229 $9,422 $17,259
2011 $47,631 $43,398 $9,324 $16,884
2010 $42,397 $39,726 $8,113 $15,920
2009 $42,472 $37,574 $7,427 $15,105
2008 $46,379 $38,444 $8,141 $14,569
2007 $42,351 $36,914 $6,677 $13,612
2006 $36,980 $34,741 $5,784 $12,593
2005 $35,084 $32,314 $5,354 $11,703
2004 $34,567 $31,753 $5,461 $11,216
2003 $30,711 $30,301 $4,858 $10,535
2002 $25,487 $29,514 $4,073 $9,824
2001 $23,878 $28,674 $3,909 $9,586
2000 $23,926 $27,474 $3,982 $9,143
1999 $26,965 $26,518 $3,746 $8,344
1998 $27,396 $25,446 $3,642 $8,121
1997 $27,047 $24,649 $3,696 $7,651
1996 $30,600 $24,169 $3,952 $7,206
1995 $31,747 $23,631 $3,648 $6,771
1994 $27,202 $22,869 $3,240 $6,414
1993 $25,617 $21,900 $3,014 $6,116
1992 $26,560 $21,746 $3,013 $5,753
1991 $23,443 $21,001 $2,705 $5,351
1990 $22,386 $19,468 $2,540 $5,010
1989 $17,829 - $2,103 -
1988 $17,997 - $2,074 -
1987 $16,739 - $1,840 -
1986 $13,511 - $1,442 -
1985 $9,464 - $1,069 -
1984 $9,347 - $1,042 -
1983 $9,900 - $1,103 -
1982 $9,950 - $1,101 -
1981 $10,246 - $1,181 -
1980 $12,183 - $1,187 -
1979 $11,322 - $1,292 -
1978 $9,517 - $1,102 -
1977 $7,711 - $906 -
1976 $6,659 - $787 -
1975 $6,259 - $755 -
1974 $5,660 - $763 -
1973 $5,065 - $467 -
1972 $3,824 - $374 -
1971 $3,204 - $299.6 -
1970 $2,771 - $271.3 -
1969 $2,281 - $272.7 -
1968 $2,025 - $258.7 -
1967 $1,886 - $304 -
1966 $1,871 - $296 -
1965 $1,774 - $305 -
1964 $1,637 - $297.3 -
1963 $1,502 - $353 -
1962 $1,431 - $282.3 -
1961 $1,316 - $281.7 -
1960 $1,162 - $238.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/mauritius | CC BY

Germany's GDP per capita is $56,104, ranking 19/197, compared to $11,991 in Mauritius, ranking 78/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Germany ranks 20th at $73,552, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

Economic indicators

Germany Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$4.69T
2024
$14.9B
2024
GDP rank
3/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.5%
2023-2024
4.93%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,104
2024
$11,991
2024
GDP per capita rank
19/197
2024
78/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,552
2024
$31,840
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
20/197
2024
71/197
2024
Government debt
$2.97T
2024
$13.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
63.5%
2024
91.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$35,606
2024
$10,929
2024
Government debt per person rank
21/185
2024
54/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$41,775
2026
$7,203
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.04T
2024
$9.12B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,675,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
171
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2020
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2020
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.4%
2024
33.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.26%
2023-2024
3.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.37%
2024
5.21%
2024
Population
82575542
1240121

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Germany
Spending

Debt
Mauritius
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Germany Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 49.4% 63.5% 33.7% 91.1%
2023 48.1% 62.4% 29.9% 85.6%
2022 48.6% 64.4% 29.4% 86.9%
2021 50.7% 68% 30.8% 93.8%
2020 51.1% 68% 32.6% 93.4%
2019 45.5% 58.7% 27.8% 74.6%
2018 44.7% 60.8% 24.3% 64.1%
2017 44.5% 64% 24.3% 63%
2016 44.7% 68.3% 24% 64.3%
2015 44.5% 71.2% 24.5% 65%
2014 44.5% 74.5% 23% 60.6%
2013 45.2% 77.5% 24.1% 58.2%
2012 45.1% 79.8% 22.5% 55.9%
2011 45.3% 78.5% 23.7% 56.5%
2010 48.1% 81% 24% 56.4%
2009 48.3% 72.4% 25.2% 58.4%
2008 44.4% 65.2% 22.7% 49.4%
2007 43.5% 63.7% 21.5% 51.6%
2006 45.3% 66.4% 22.2% 59.3%
2005 46.9% 67.1% 23% 61.7%
2004 47% 65% 22.6% 61.1%
2003 48.5% 63.3% 23.4% 70.8%
2002 48.2% 59.8% 23.3% 66.7%
2001 47.7% 58.1% 22.4% 60.5%
2000 48.1% 59.2% 22.2% 59.7%
1999 48.5% 60.3% 27.5% -
1998 48.3% 59.4% 26.6% -
1997 48.8% 58.8% 27.5% -
1996 49.6% 57.7% 27.4% -
1995 55.2% 54.9% 27.3% -
1994 48.3% 47.5% 27.5% -
1993 48.3% 45.1% 24.5% -
1992 47.4% 41.4% 26.8% -
1991 46.5% 39% 27.2% -
1990 44.7% 40.7% 30.2% -
1989 44.3% 39.2% - -
1988 45.6% 40.5% - -
1987 46% 40.1% - -
1986 45.7% 39.1% - -
1985 46.6% 39.2% - -
1984 47.2% 38.7% - -
1983 47.9% 38% - -
1982 49.1% 36.4% - -
1981 49% 33.6% - -
1980 48.2% 30.1% - -
1979 47.4% 28.2% - -
1978 47.7% 27.4% - -
1977 49% 26% - -
1976 49.4% 25.1% - -
1975 50.3% 23.7% - -
1974 46% 18.5% - -
1973 42.4% 17.3% - -
1972 41.8% 18% - -
1971 40.9% 17.7% - -
1970 39.5% 17.7% - -
1969 29.7% 20.3% - -
1968 28.5% 22.5% - -
1967 28.8% 22.5% - -
1966 28.3% 19.8% - -
1965 28.4% 18.7% - -
1964 29% 18.2% - -
1963 29.1% 18.1% - -
1962 29.2% 17.6% - -
1961 28.8% 18.7% - -
1960 22.9% 18.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/mauritius | CC BY

In 2024, Germany's government spending was $2.32T, accounting for 49.4% of its GDP, while Mauritius spent $5.03B, or 33.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 63.5% in Germany and 91.1% in Mauritius, ranking 72/185 and 30/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Germany

Mauritius
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Germany Mauritius
2024 -2.66% -7.47%
2023 -2.49% -4.7%
2022 -1.91% -3.34%
2021 -3.17% -4.45%
2020 -4.38% -10.6%
2019 1.33% -7.53%
2018 1.88% -2.19%
2017 1.34% -1.66%
2016 1.13% -2.81%
2015 0.91% -3.59%
2014 0.73% -3.13%
2013 0.12% -3.4%
2012 -0.05% -1.78%
2011 -0.84% -3.09%
2010 -4.42% -3.07%
2009 -3.18% -3.41%
2008 -0.26% -2.66%
2007 0.15% -3.09%
2006 -1.76% -4.14%
2005 -3.37% -4.44%
2004 -3.42% -4.34%
2003 -3.83% -4.82%
2002 -4.09% -5.18%
2001 -3.12% -5.53%
2000 -1.71% -4.4%
1999 -1.87% -
1998 -2.65% -
1997 -3.03% -
1996 -3.64% -
1995 -9.44% -
1994 -2.54% -
1993 -3.11% -
1992 -2.63% -
1991 -3.21% -
1990 -1.94% -
1989 0.08% -
1988 -2.02% -
1987 -1.85% -
1986 -1.18% -
1985 -1.18% -
1984 -2.04% -
1983 -2.95% -
1982 -3.56% -
1981 -4.03% -
1980 -3.02% -
1979 -2.71% -
1978 -2.62% -
1977 -2.56% -
1976 -3.5% -
1975 -5.78% -
1974 -1.69% -
1973 1.14% -
1972 -0.37% -
1971 0.16% -
1970 0.53% -
1969 -0.43% -
1968 1.39% -
1967 2.73% -
1966 1.76% -
1965 2.26% -
1964 1.49% -
1963 1.43% -
1962 0.49% -
1961 -0.12% -
1960 -0.34% -
1959 0.77% -
1958 1.77% -
1957 1.99% -
1956 0.59% -
1955 -1.41% -
1954 -0.37% -
1953 -0.13% -
1952 0% -
1951 1.15% -
1950 1.81% -
1949 - -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 -0.64% -
1933 -0.43% -
1932 -1.11% -
1931 -1.03% -
1930 -1.52% -
1929 -0.9% -
1928 -1.47% -
1927 -0.44% -
1926 -1.3% -
1925 0.34% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.007% -
1912 -0.26% -
1911 0.06% -
1910 -0.21% -
1909 0.11% -
1908 -0.11% -
1907 -0.14% -
1906 0.76% -
1905 1.21% -
1904 0.41% -
1903 0.88% -
1902 0.08% -
1901 0.91% -
1900 0.27% -
1899 0.6% -
1898 0.47% -
1897 0.39% -
1896 0.63% -
1895 0.47% -
1894 0.44% -
1893 0.42% -
1892 -0.24% -
1891 1.18% -
1890 0.12% -
1889 1.16% -
1888 0.62% -
1887 0.88% -
1886 0.23% -
1885 0.21% -
1884 0.23% -
1883 0.55% -
1882 0.41% -
1881 0.12% -
1880 -0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/mauritius | CC BY

In 2024, Germany's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $125B, equivalent to 2.66% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of $1.12B, or 7.47% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Germany recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Germany posted an annual deficit equal to 1.48% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.19% of GDP for Mauritius.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Germany

Mauritius
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Germany Mauritius
2024 2.26% 3.6%
2023 5.95% 7.05%
2022 6.87% 10.8%
2021 3.07% 4.03%
2020 0.14% 2.58%
2019 1.45% 0.41%
2018 1.73% 3.22%
2017 1.51% 3.67%
2016 0.49% 0.98%
2015 0.51% 1.29%
2014 0.91% 3.22%
2013 1.5% 3.54%
2012 2.01% 3.85%
2011 2.08% 6.52%
2010 1.1% 2.93%
2009 0.31% 2.52%
2008 2.63% 9.73%
2007 2.3% 8.83%
2006 1.58% 8.91%
2005 1.55% 4.94%
2004 1.67% 4.71%
2003 1.03% 3.92%
2002 1.42% 6.42%
2001 1.98% 5.39%
2000 1.44% 4.2%
1999 0.59% 6.91%
1998 0.91% 6.81%
1997 1.94% 6.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/mauritius | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Germany has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.82%, compared with 4.92% in Mauritius. In 2024, inflation was 2.26% in Germany and 3.6% in Mauritius.

Top exports between countries

Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $92M
Chemicals & pharma $33M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $17.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $10.2M
Raw agricultural goods $6.44M
Metals $4.79M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.73M
Miscellaneous $3.9M
Raw materials & minerals $2.71M
Wood & paper products $2.02M
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $9.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.81M
Machinery & equipment $4.61M
Metals $3.99M
Chemicals & pharma $2.7M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.78M
Raw agricultural goods $502K
Wood & paper products $31K
Miscellaneous $26K
Raw materials & minerals $16K

Balance of trade

Germany Mauritius
Current account balance
$270B
2024
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
2/190
2024
126/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.77%
2024
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$1.21T
2024
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$1.47T
2024
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$548B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$470B
2024
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.7%
2024
78.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.4%
2024
67.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Germany Mauritius
Economic freedom 71.7 73
Economic freedom ranking 30/197 26/197
Property rights 95.5 83.9
Government integrity 84.5 53.4
Judicial effectiveness 94.6 80.7
Tax burden 60.5 89.6
Government spending 28.8 73.8
Fiscal health 83.1 45.5
Business freedom 79.8 81.5
Labor freedom 52.2 69.6
Monetary freedom 72.5 70.7
Trade freedom 79.4 87
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Germany
Mauritius
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Germany Mauritius
2026 71.7 73
2025 71.6 75
2024 72.1 71.5
2023 73.7 70.6
2022 76.1 70.9
2021 72.5 77
2020 73.5 74.9
2019 73.5 73
2018 74.2 75.1
2017 73.8 74.7
2016 74.4 74.7
2015 73.8 76.4
2014 73.4 76.5
2013 72.8 76.9
2012 71 77
2011 71.8 76.2
2010 71.1 76.3
2009 70.5 74.3
2008 70.6 72.6
2007 70.8 69.4
2006 70.8 67.4
2005 68.1 67.2
2004 69.5 64.3
2003 69.7 64.4
2002 70.4 67.7
2001 69.5 66.4
2000 65.7 67.2
1999 65.6 68.5
1998 64.3 -
1997 67.5 -
1996 69.1 -
1995 69.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/mauritius | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Germany is 71.7, ranking 30/197, compared to 73 for Mauritius, ranking 26/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Germany Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
64.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.6%
2024
17.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.91%
2024
4.23%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$4.6T
2024
$16.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$76,180
2024
$35,100
2024
Total reserves including gold
$378B
2024
$8.51B
2024
Total reserves ranking
10/177
2024
83/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$32.6B
2024
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$47.6B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$80.2B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/mauritius | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.