Fertility & birth rates in East Timor and Papua New Guinea

Fertility rate in East Timor vs Papua New Guinea chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in East Timor was 2.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.1 in Papua New Guinea in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check East Timor vs Papua New Guinea population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	East Timor	Papua New Guinea
1960	6.32	6.02
1961	6.27	6.07
1962	6.22	6.14
1963	6.16	6.15
1964	6.08	6.19
1965	6.01	6.2
1966	5.93	6.23
1967	5.86	6.24
1968	5.79	6.25
1969	5.72	6.26
1970	5.66	6.25
1971	5.58	6.23
1972	5.49	6.2
1973	5.39	6.16
1974	5.29	6.11
1975	5.19	6.07
1976	5.12	6.02
1977	5.09	5.96
1978	5.09	5.88
1979	5.14	5.79
1980	5.22	5.71
1981	5.53	5.65
1982	5.56	5.59
1983	5.59	5.56
1984	5.61	5.51
1985	5.65	5.47
1986	5.67	5.42
1987	5.68	5.36
1988	5.72	5.3
1989	5.76	5.24
1990	5.81	5.18
1991	5.84	5.11
1992	5.87	5.03
1993	5.88	4.96
1994	5.91	4.87
1995	5.94	4.78
1996	5.94	4.73
1997	5.96	4.68
1998	5.96	4.63
1999	5.97	4.59
2000	5.93	4.53
2001	5.92	4.47
2002	5.9	4.42
2003	5.85	4.36
2004	5.74	4.28
2005	5.61	4.22
2006	5.47	4.15
2007	5.33	4.08
2008	5.17	4.01
2009	4.99	3.94
2010	4.82	3.88
2011	4.61	3.82
2012	4.4	3.75
2013	4.21	3.68
2014	4	3.63
2015	3.78	3.56
2016	3.58	3.5
2017	3.4	3.43
2018	3.24	3.38
2019	3.12	3.32
2020	3.01	3.27
2021	2.89	3.22
2022	2.8	3.17
2023	2.71	3.1
2024	2.63	3.07
2025	2.56	3.03
2026	2.5	2.99
2027	2.45	2.95
2028	2.4	2.92
2029	2.36	2.88
2030	2.32	2.84
2031	2.29	2.81
2032	2.25	2.78
2033	2.22	2.75
2034	2.19	2.73
2035	2.17	2.69
2036	2.14	2.67
2037	2.12	2.64
2038	2.09	2.61
2039	2.07	2.59
2040	2.05	2.56
2041	2.03	2.54
2042	2.02	2.51
2043	2	2.49
2044	1.99	2.48
2045	1.97	2.46
2046	1.96	2.44
2047	1.95	2.42
2048	1.94	2.4
2049	1.93	2.38
2050	1.92	2.36

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	East Timor	Papua New Guinea
1960	40.1%	43.4%
1961	39.7%	43.7%
1962	39.3%	43.9%
1963	39%	44.2%
1964	38.8%	44.4%
1965	38.7%	44.6%
1966	38.9%	44.9%
1967	39.1%	45.1%
1968	39.3%	45.3%
1969	39.5%	45.6%
1970	39.6%	45.8%
1971	39.7%	46%
1972	39.7%	46%
1973	39.8%	45.9%
1974	39.7%	45.8%
1975	39.4%	45.5%
1976	39%	45.2%
1977	38.5%	44.9%
1978	38%	44.4%
1979	37.5%	44%
1980	37.4%	43.5%
1981	37.8%	43.2%
1982	38.4%	43%
1983	38.8%	42.9%
1984	39.3%	42.8%
1985	39.7%	42.6%
1986	40.2%	42.5%
1987	40.7%	42.4%
1988	41.3%	42.4%
1989	41.9%	42.3%
1990	42.2%	42.1%
1991	42.4%	41.9%
1992	42.6%	41.7%
1993	42.7%	41.5%
1994	42.9%	41.2%
1995	43%	41%
1996	43%	40.8%
1997	43%	40.6%
1998	42.9%	40.4%
1999	42.7%	40.2%
2000	42.6%	40%
2001	42.5%	39.8%
2002	42.4%	39.5%
2003	42.2%	39.3%
2004	42%	39%
2005	42.1%	38.8%
2006	42.2%	38.5%
2007	42.3%	38.3%
2008	42.1%	38%
2009	41.9%	37.7%
2010	41.6%	37.5%
2011	41.3%	37.2%
2012	40.9%	37%
2013	40.4%	36.7%
2014	39.8%	36.5%
2015	39.1%	36.2%
2016	38.4%	35.9%
2017	37.8%	35.6%
2018	37.2%	35.3%
2019	36.6%	35%
2020	36%	34.7%
2021	35.4%	34.4%
2022	34.8%	34.1%
2023	34.2%	33.8%
2024	33.7%	33.5%
2025	33.1%	33.1%
2026	32.6%	32.8%
2027	32.1%	32.5%
2028	31.6%	32.1%
2029	31%	31.8%
2030	30.4%	31.4%
2031	29.8%	31.1%
2032	29.2%	30.7%
2033	28.7%	30.4%
2034	28.1%	30.1%
2035	27.6%	29.7%
2036	27.2%	29.4%
2037	26.9%	29.1%
2038	26.7%	28.8%
2039	26.4%	28.5%
2040	26.2%	28.3%
2041	25.9%	28%
2042	25.6%	27.8%
2043	25.4%	27.5%
2044	25.1%	27.3%
2045	24.8%	27.1%
2046	24.5%	26.9%
2047	24.1%	26.7%
2048	23.8%	26.5%
2049	23.5%	26.3%
2050	23.1%	26.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.7% of the population in East Timor and 33.5% in Papua New Guinea in 2024, compared to 42.2% and 42.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of East Timor and Papua New Guinea compared.

Natural population change in East Timor vs Papua New Guinea by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.7% in East Timor and +2% in Papua New Guinea. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	East Timor	Papua New Guinea
1960	7,012	56,326
1961	7,330	58,151
1962	7,639	59,974
1963	7,938	62,260
1964	8,235	64,558
1965	8,526	66,693
1966	8,810	69,206
1967	9,089	71,519
1968	9,356	73,983
1969	9,611	76,454
1970	9,824	78,712
1971	9,964	80,599
1972	10,030	82,672
1973	10,033	83,821
1974	8,405	84,829
1975	-1,062	85,809
1976	783	86,965
1977	296	87,954
1978	-1,000	88,747
1979	987	89,330
1980	6,940	90,266
1981	9,336	91,767
1982	9,579	93,522
1983	9,686	95,982
1984	10,922	98,103
1985	10,788	100,333
1986	11,062	102,346
1987	11,945	104,367
1988	12,118	106,256
1989	17,758	108,199
1990	18,343	110,033
1991	18,605	111,453
1992	19,880	114,818
1993	20,770	118,668
1994	21,746	122,113
1995	21,962	125,410
1996	22,703	129,802
1997	23,501	134,458
1998	23,590	136,677
1999	21,871	143,592
2000	21,579	147,496
2001	23,314	151,431
2002	25,410	155,091
2003	26,900	158,611
2004	26,751	161,023
2005	26,412	163,888
2006	26,221	166,540
2007	26,074	169,306
2008	25,888	172,823
2009	25,696	175,421
2010	25,515	178,998
2011	25,237	181,842
2012	24,890	183,658
2013	24,538	185,790
2014	24,040	187,592
2015	23,391	188,600
2016	22,778	189,281
2017	22,145	189,715
2018	21,650	190,662
2019	21,307	190,662
2020	21,166	189,130
2021	20,101	183,766
2022	20,625	186,861
2023	20,495	187,637

Maternal mortality chart: East Timor vs Papua New Guinea

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 192 deaths per 100,000 live births in East Timor, compared to 189 deaths in Papua New Guinea.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	East Timor	Papua New Guinea
1985	1,916	393
1986	1,860	386
1987	1,763	379
1988	1,743	377
1989	1,511	369
1990	1,477	360
1991	1,439	354
1992	1,368	340
1993	1,308	333
1994	1,254	324
1995	1,239	318
1996	1,193	316
1997	1,166	316
1998	1,157	325
1999	1,488	321
2000	796	323
2001	761	325
2002	724	329
2003	714	328
2004	683	326
2005	648	326
2006	600	325
2007	559	326
2008	518	315
2009	477	302
2010	439	289
2011	404	271
2012	374	257
2013	349	243
2014	327	232
2015	305	221
2016	287	214
2017	269	207
2018	251	205
2019	237	199
2020	257	194
2021	263	223
2022	235	189
2023	192	189

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 5% in East Timor and 4.03% in Papua New Guinea. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	East Timor	Papua New Guinea
1960	-	19.8%
1961	-	19.2%
1962	-	18.6%
1963	-	18%
1964	-	17.4%
1965	-	16.9%
1966	-	16.3%
1967	-	15.8%
1968	-	15.2%
1969	-	14.7%
1970	-	14.2%
1971	-	13.7%
1972	-	13.3%
1973	-	12.9%
1974	-	12.4%
1975	-	12.1%
1976	-	11.7%
1977	-	11.3%
1978	-	11%
1979	-	10.7%
1980	-	10.4%
1981	-	10.2%
1982	-	9.94%
1983	-	9.71%
1984	-	9.5%
1985	27.1%	9.3%
1986	26.3%	9.12%
1987	24.4%	8.96%
1988	24.1%	8.78%
1989	23%	8.63%
1990	22.5%	8.47%
1991	22.2%	8.31%
1992	21.1%	8.17%
1993	20%	8.03%
1994	19.2%	7.89%
1995	19.3%	7.77%
1996	18.5%	7.64%
1997	17.7%	7.52%
1998	18%	7.41%
1999	19.4%	7.3%
2000	11.1%	7.19%
2001	10.6%	7.08%
2002	10.1%	6.96%
2003	9.61%	6.84%
2004	9.17%	6.71%
2005	8.75%	6.58%
2006	8.36%	6.44%
2007	8.01%	6.31%
2008	7.68%	6.16%
2009	7.38%	6.02%
2010	7.11%	5.88%
2011	6.86%	5.73%
2012	6.63%	5.59%
2013	6.42%	5.44%
2014	6.23%	5.3%
2015	6.06%	5.17%
2016	5.91%	5.02%
2017	5.78%	4.87%
2018	5.66%	4.72%
2019	5.55%	4.59%
2020	5.42%	4.45%
2021	5.28%	4.31%
2022	5.14%	4.17%
2023	5%	4.03%