Fertility & birth rates in Japan and Papua New Guinea

Fertility rate in Japan vs Papua New Guinea chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Japan was 1.2 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.1 in Papua New Guinea in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Japan vs Papua New Guinea population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Japan	Papua New Guinea
1960	2	6.02
1961	1.96	6.07
1962	1.98	6.14
1963	2	6.15
1964	2.05	6.19
1965	2.14	6.2
1966	1.58	6.23
1967	2.23	6.24
1968	2.13	6.25
1969	2.13	6.26
1970	2.13	6.25
1971	2.16	6.23
1972	2.14	6.2
1973	2.14	6.16
1974	2.05	6.11
1975	1.91	6.07
1976	1.85	6.02
1977	1.8	5.96
1978	1.79	5.88
1979	1.77	5.79
1980	1.75	5.71
1981	1.74	5.65
1982	1.77	5.59
1983	1.8	5.56
1984	1.81	5.51
1985	1.76	5.47
1986	1.72	5.42
1987	1.69	5.36
1988	1.66	5.3
1989	1.57	5.24
1990	1.54	5.18
1991	1.53	5.11
1992	1.5	5.03
1993	1.46	4.96
1994	1.5	4.87
1995	1.42	4.78
1996	1.43	4.73
1997	1.39	4.68
1998	1.38	4.63
1999	1.34	4.59
2000	1.36	4.53
2001	1.33	4.47
2002	1.32	4.42
2003	1.29	4.36
2004	1.29	4.28
2005	1.26	4.22
2006	1.32	4.15
2007	1.34	4.08
2008	1.37	4.01
2009	1.37	3.94
2010	1.39	3.88
2011	1.39	3.82
2012	1.41	3.75
2013	1.43	3.68
2014	1.42	3.63
2015	1.45	3.56
2016	1.44	3.5
2017	1.43	3.43
2018	1.42	3.38
2019	1.36	3.32
2020	1.33	3.27
2021	1.3	3.22
2022	1.26	3.17
2023	1.2	3.1
2024	1.21	3.07
2025	1.22	3.03
2026	1.22	2.99
2027	1.23	2.95
2028	1.24	2.92
2029	1.25	2.88
2030	1.25	2.84
2031	1.26	2.81
2032	1.26	2.78
2033	1.27	2.75
2034	1.28	2.73
2035	1.28	2.69
2036	1.29	2.67
2037	1.29	2.64
2038	1.3	2.61
2039	1.3	2.59
2040	1.3	2.56
2041	1.31	2.54
2042	1.31	2.51
2043	1.31	2.49
2044	1.32	2.48
2045	1.32	2.46
2046	1.33	2.44
2047	1.33	2.42
2048	1.33	2.4
2049	1.34	2.38
2050	1.34	2.36

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Japan	Papua New Guinea
1960	29.8%	43.4%
1961	29.1%	43.7%
1962	28%	43.9%
1963	26.8%	44.2%
1964	25.8%	44.4%
1965	25.1%	44.6%
1966	24.4%	44.9%
1967	23.8%	45.1%
1968	23.5%	45.3%
1969	23.4%	45.6%
1970	23.3%	45.8%
1971	23.3%	46%
1972	23.4%	46%
1973	23.6%	45.9%
1974	23.8%	45.8%
1975	23.8%	45.5%
1976	23.9%	45.2%
1977	23.9%	44.9%
1978	23.8%	44.4%
1979	23.7%	44%
1980	23.4%	43.5%
1981	23.3%	43.2%
1982	23.1%	43%
1983	22.6%	42.9%
1984	22.2%	42.8%
1985	21.7%	42.6%
1986	21%	42.5%
1987	20.3%	42.4%
1988	19.5%	42.4%
1989	18.8%	42.3%
1990	18%	42.1%
1991	17.4%	41.9%
1992	16.9%	41.7%
1993	16.4%	41.5%
1994	16%	41.2%
1995	15.6%	41%
1996	15.3%	40.8%
1997	15.1%	40.6%
1998	14.8%	40.4%
1999	14.6%	40.2%
2000	14.4%	40%
2001	14.2%	39.8%
2002	14.1%	39.5%
2003	13.9%	39.3%
2004	13.8%	39%
2005	13.8%	38.8%
2006	13.7%	38.5%
2007	13.6%	38.3%
2008	13.5%	38%
2009	13.5%	37.7%
2010	13.4%	37.5%
2011	13.3%	37.2%
2012	13.2%	37%
2013	13.1%	36.7%
2014	13%	36.5%
2015	12.8%	36.2%
2016	12.7%	35.9%
2017	12.6%	35.6%
2018	12.5%	35.3%
2019	12.4%	35%
2020	12.2%	34.7%
2021	12%	34.4%
2022	11.9%	34.1%
2023	11.6%	33.8%
2024	11.4%	33.5%
2025	11.2%	33.1%
2026	11%	32.8%
2027	10.9%	32.5%
2028	10.7%	32.1%
2029	10.5%	31.8%
2030	10.4%	31.4%
2031	10.3%	31.1%
2032	10.2%	30.7%
2033	10.1%	30.4%
2034	10.1%	30.1%
2035	10.1%	29.7%
2036	10.1%	29.4%
2037	10.1%	29.1%
2038	10.2%	28.8%
2039	10.3%	28.5%
2040	10.4%	28.3%
2041	10.5%	28%
2042	10.6%	27.8%
2043	10.7%	27.5%
2044	10.8%	27.3%
2045	10.9%	27.1%
2046	11%	26.9%
2047	11.1%	26.7%
2048	11.2%	26.5%
2049	11.2%	26.3%
2050	11.2%	26.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 11.4% of the population in Japan and 33.5% in Papua New Guinea in 2024, compared to 18% and 42.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Japan and Papua New Guinea compared.

Natural population change in Japan vs Papua New Guinea by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.41% in Japan and +2% in Papua New Guinea. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Japan	Papua New Guinea
1960	894,874	56,326
1961	893,522	58,151
1962	901,864	59,974
1963	987,770	62,260
1964	1,046,553	64,558
1965	1,126,448	66,693
1966	682,072	69,206
1967	1,258,475	71,519
1968	1,191,930	73,983
1969	1,195,962	76,454
1970	1,230,496	78,712
1971	1,331,782	80,599
1972	1,372,006	82,672
1973	1,391,449	83,821
1974	1,332,960	84,829
1975	1,204,989	85,809
1976	1,127,750	86,965
1977	1,070,397	87,954
1978	1,011,234	88,747
1979	950,298	89,330
1980	864,372	90,266
1981	811,861	91,767
1982	805,664	93,522
1983	775,495	95,982
1984	756,523	98,103
1985	676,687	100,333
1986	631,706	102,346
1987	598,138	104,367
1988	527,085	106,256
1989	467,662	108,199
1990	407,478	110,033
1991	396,685	111,453
1992	360,833	114,818
1993	312,073	118,668
1994	363,017	122,113
1995	276,039	125,410
1996	314,392	129,802
1997	277,325	134,458
1998	265,440	136,677
1999	202,610	143,592
2000	228,317	147,496
2001	203,438	151,431
2002	178,423	155,091
2003	114,946	158,611
2004	76,656	161,023
2005	-25,554	163,888
2006	12,785	166,540
2007	-25,600	169,306
2008	-51,225	172,823
2009	-76,828	175,421
2010	-128,070	178,998
2011	-204,533	181,842
2012	-229,733	183,658
2013	-242,146	185,790
2014	-267,279	187,592
2015	-292,424	188,600
2016	-343,106	189,281
2017	-406,310	189,715
2018	-456,520	190,662
2019	-531,858	190,662
2020	-542,923	189,130
2021	-640,976	183,766
2022	-825,825	186,861
2023	-871,617	187,637

Maternal mortality chart: Japan vs Papua New Guinea

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Japan, compared to 189 deaths in Papua New Guinea.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Japan	Papua New Guinea
1985	19	393
1986	18	386
1987	17	379
1988	16	377
1989	15	369
1990	14	360
1991	13	354
1992	13	340
1993	12	333
1994	11	324
1995	11	318
1996	11	316
1997	10	316
1998	10	325
1999	9	321
2000	9	323
2001	8	325
2002	8	329
2003	8	328
2004	7	326
2005	7	326
2006	7	325
2007	6	326
2008	6	315
2009	6	302
2010	6	289
2011	6	271
2012	6	257
2013	5	243
2014	5	232
2015	5	221
2016	5	214
2017	5	207
2018	5	205
2019	5	199
2020	4	194
2021	4	223
2022	5	189
2023	3	189

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.24% in Japan and 4.03% in Papua New Guinea. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Japan	Papua New Guinea
1960	3.97%	19.8%
1961	3.62%	19.2%
1962	3.29%	18.6%
1963	2.98%	18%
1964	2.7%	17.4%
1965	2.46%	16.9%
1966	2.26%	16.3%
1967	2.1%	15.8%
1968	1.96%	15.2%
1969	1.85%	14.7%
1970	1.75%	14.2%
1971	1.65%	13.7%
1972	1.57%	13.3%
1973	1.49%	12.9%
1974	1.41%	12.4%
1975	1.33%	12.1%
1976	1.25%	11.7%
1977	1.18%	11.3%
1978	1.11%	11%
1979	1.05%	10.7%
1980	0.99%	10.4%
1981	0.93%	10.2%
1982	0.88%	9.94%
1983	0.83%	9.71%
1984	0.79%	9.5%
1985	0.75%	9.3%
1986	0.71%	9.12%
1987	0.68%	8.96%
1988	0.66%	8.78%
1989	0.64%	8.63%
1990	0.63%	8.47%
1991	0.62%	8.31%
1992	0.61%	8.17%
1993	0.6%	8.03%
1994	0.59%	7.89%
1995	0.57%	7.77%
1996	0.55%	7.64%
1997	0.52%	7.52%
1998	0.5%	7.41%
1999	0.47%	7.3%
2000	0.45%	7.19%
2001	0.43%	7.08%
2002	0.41%	6.96%
2003	0.4%	6.84%
2004	0.39%	6.71%
2005	0.37%	6.58%
2006	0.36%	6.44%
2007	0.35%	6.31%
2008	0.34%	6.16%
2009	0.34%	6.02%
2010	0.33%	5.88%
2011	0.33%	5.73%
2012	0.31%	5.59%
2013	0.3%	5.44%
2014	0.29%	5.3%
2015	0.28%	5.17%
2016	0.27%	5.02%
2017	0.26%	4.87%
2018	0.25%	4.72%
2019	0.25%	4.59%
2020	0.24%	4.45%
2021	0.24%	4.31%
2022	0.24%	4.17%
2023	0.24%	4.03%