Fertility & birth rates in Eswatini and Malawi

Fertility rate in Eswatini vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Malawi

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Eswatini	Malawi
2023	2.75	3.65
2022	2.8	3.72
2021	2.84	3.79
2020	2.89	3.88
2019	2.93	3.95
2018	2.97	4.02
2017	3.02	4.11
2016	3.07	4.22
2015	3.12	4.38
2014	3.18	4.57
2013	3.24	4.76
2012	3.27	4.9
2011	3.32	5.08
2010	3.38	5.26
2009	3.5	5.45
2008	3.57	5.61
2007	3.58	5.72
2006	3.63	5.8
2005	3.7	5.85
2004	3.76	5.86
2003	3.8	5.88
2002	3.85	5.9
2001	3.94	5.94
2000	4.03	6
1999	4.09	6.12
1998	4.13	6.21
1997	4.24	6.23
1996	4.38	6.29
1995	4.52	6.39
1994	4.66	6.49
1993	4.82	6.57
1992	4.98	6.63
1991	5.13	6.68
1990	5.3	6.74
1989	5.48	6.8
1988	5.69	6.88
1987	5.9	6.97
1986	6.11	7.07
1985	6.28	7.17
1984	6.36	7.27
1983	6.43	7.36
1982	6.49	7.45
1981	6.54	7.49
1980	6.57	7.52
1979	6.61	7.47
1978	6.65	7.43
1977	6.68	7.41
1976	6.7	7.39
1975	6.71	7.36
1974	6.71	7.34
1973	6.72	7.34
1972	6.72	7.33
1971	6.74	7.31
1970	6.75	7.3
1969	6.76	7.27
1968	6.76	7.26
1967	6.77	7.21
1966	6.8	7.17
1965	6.79	7.13
1964	6.79	7.11
1963	6.8	7.13
1962	6.79	7.1
1961	6.77	7.07
1960	6.75	7.04

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eswatini was 2.75 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eswatini vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Malawi

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Eswatini	Malawi
2023	20,147	549,096
2022	20,125	533,450
2021	17,314	517,400
2020	18,899	514,659
2019	19,488	506,104
2018	19,392	494,348
2017	19,278	484,655
2016	19,233	474,779
2015	19,223	472,484
2014	19,107	472,418
2013	18,903	470,293
2012	18,308	460,684
2011	17,645	454,149
2010	17,652	444,468
2009	17,656	434,811
2008	17,275	421,781
2007	16,595	410,290
2006	16,133	397,123
2005	15,945	381,130
2004	15,979	361,133
2003	16,396	341,133
2002	16,924	322,863
2001	17,824	310,833
2000	18,830	300,439
1999	19,420	295,629
1998	19,762	285,407
1997	20,686	277,433
1996	21,858	270,048
1995	23,029	266,745
1994	26,703	275,439
1993	28,046	276,538
1992	28,446	269,066
1991	28,497	260,193
1990	28,349	250,159
1989	28,257	237,967
1988	27,396	226,911
1987	27,285	220,566
1986	27,096	218,519
1985	26,835	216,179
1984	26,149	212,146
1983	24,883	209,422
1982	24,742	205,386
1981	23,973	199,436
1980	23,153	192,746
1979	22,299	182,123
1978	21,466	172,503
1977	20,609	161,930
1976	19,734	153,422
1975	18,849	145,254
1974	17,971	137,819
1973	17,145	131,529
1972	16,353	125,728
1971	15,615	121,015
1970	14,873	116,822
1969	14,164	113,120
1968	13,449	110,329
1967	12,773	106,668
1966	12,282	103,512
1965	11,719	100,040
1964	11,266	97,658
1963	10,929	95,933
1962	10,601	92,463
1961	10,262	89,091
1960	9,947	85,718

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.64% in Eswatini and +2.6% in Malawi.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.63% in Eswatini and +2.67% in Malawi.

Birth rate in Eswatini vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Malawi

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Eswatini	Malawi
2023	24.1	31.4
2022	24.6	31.7
2021	25	32.1
2020	25.4	32.5
2019	25.9	32.9
2018	26.4	33.2
2017	26.9	33.7
2016	27.6	34.2
2015	28.3	35.3
2014	29	36.5
2013	29.6	37.7
2012	30	38.6
2011	30.4	39.7
2010	30.9	40.7
2009	31.9	41.7
2008	32.3	42.6
2007	32.2	43.3
2006	32.2	43.8
2005	32.5	44
2004	32.6	44
2003	32.3	43.9
2002	32.2	44
2001	32.4	44.2
2000	32.6	44.6
1999	32.5	45.4
1998	32.2	45.9
1997	32.4	46
1996	33.1	46.2
1995	34	46.8
1994	37.3	48.4
1993	37.9	48.4
1992	38.7	48.1
1991	39.5	48.4
1990	40.4	48.4
1989	41.6	48.5
1988	42.2	48.8
1987	43.9	48.6
1986	45.4	49.8
1985	46.9	50.4
1984	47.8	50.8
1983	48.4	51.4
1982	48.9	52
1981	49.5	52.4
1980	49.8	52.7
1979	50.1	52.4
1978	50.4	52.4
1977	50.6	52.4
1976	50.7	52.6
1975	50.6	52.7
1974	50.3	52.9
1973	50.1	53.2
1972	49.8	53.5
1971	49.5	53.7
1970	49.1	54
1969	48.6	54.1
1968	48.1	54.4
1967	47.5	54.3
1966	47.4	54.3
1965	47.2	54.1
1964	47.1	54.2
1963	47.3	54.4
1962	47.3	54.2
1961	47.4	54
1960	47.4	53.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 24.1 in Eswatini and 31.4 in Malawi, compared with 47.4 and 53.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Eswatini

Factual

UN forecast

Malawi

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Eswatini	Malawi
2100	17.1%	19.9%
2099	17.2%	20%
2098	17.3%	20.2%
2097	17.4%	20.3%
2096	17.4%	20.4%
2095	17.5%	20.6%
2094	17.6%	20.7%
2093	17.7%	20.9%
2092	17.8%	21%
2091	17.9%	21.2%
2090	18%	21.3%
2089	18.1%	21.5%
2088	18.2%	21.6%
2087	18.3%	21.8%
2086	18.4%	22%
2085	18.5%	22.1%
2084	18.6%	22.3%
2083	18.7%	22.5%
2082	18.8%	22.7%
2081	19%	22.9%
2080	19.1%	23.1%
2079	19.2%	23.2%
2078	19.3%	23.4%
2077	19.4%	23.6%
2076	19.6%	23.8%
2075	19.7%	24.1%
2074	19.8%	24.3%
2073	20%	24.5%
2072	20.1%	24.7%
2071	20.3%	24.9%
2070	20.4%	25.2%
2069	20.6%	25.4%
2068	20.7%	25.6%
2067	20.9%	25.9%
2066	21.1%	26.1%
2065	21.2%	26.3%
2064	21.4%	26.6%
2063	21.6%	26.8%
2062	21.8%	27.1%
2061	22%	27.3%
2060	22.3%	27.6%
2059	22.5%	27.9%
2058	22.7%	28.1%
2057	23%	28.4%
2056	23.2%	28.7%
2055	23.5%	29%
2054	23.7%	29.3%
2053	24%	29.6%
2052	24.2%	29.9%
2051	24.5%	30.3%
2050	24.7%	30.6%
2049	25%	31%
2048	25.3%	31.4%
2047	25.5%	31.7%
2046	25.8%	32.1%
2045	26.1%	32.5%
2044	26.4%	32.9%
2043	26.7%	33.3%
2042	27%	33.7%
2041	27.3%	34%
2040	27.6%	34.4%
2039	27.9%	34.8%
2038	28.2%	35.1%
2037	28.6%	35.5%
2036	28.9%	35.9%
2035	29.3%	36.2%
2034	29.7%	36.5%
2033	30.1%	36.9%
2032	30.5%	37.2%
2031	30.8%	37.5%
2030	31.2%	37.9%
2029	31.6%	38.3%
2028	32%	38.8%
2027	32.4%	39.3%
2026	32.8%	39.9%
2025	33.2%	40.4%
2024	33.4%	40.7%
2023	33.7%	41.3%
2022	34%	41.9%
2021	34.3%	42.5%
2020	34.7%	43.1%
2019	35.1%	43.7%
2018	35.6%	44.2%
2017	36%	44.6%
2016	36.4%	45.1%
2015	36.8%	45.4%
2014	37.2%	45.7%
2013	37.6%	46%
2012	38%	46.1%
2011	38.4%	46.2%
2010	38.8%	46.2%
2009	39.3%	46.2%
2008	39.9%	46.1%
2007	40.4%	46.1%
2006	40.8%	46.1%
2005	41.1%	46%
2004	41.4%	46%
2003	41.8%	46.1%
2002	42.3%	46.1%
2001	42.9%	46.1%
2000	43.6%	46.2%
1999	44.4%	46.2%
1998	45.3%	46.2%
1997	46.2%	46.2%
1996	46.9%	46.2%
1995	47.4%	46.1%
1994	47%	46.1%
1993	46.4%	46%
1992	46.6%	45.8%
1991	47.1%	45.6%
1990	47.6%	45.4%
1989	48.1%	45.2%
1988	48.7%	45%
1987	49.3%	45.1%
1986	49.4%	45.4%
1985	49.5%	45.4%
1984	49.4%	45.5%
1983	49.3%	45.5%
1982	49.2%	45.4%
1981	48.9%	45.4%
1980	48.7%	45.4%
1979	48.5%	45.3%
1978	48.3%	45.3%
1977	48.1%	45.3%
1976	47.9%	45.2%
1975	47.7%	45.2%
1974	47.5%	45.1%
1973	47.4%	44.9%
1972	47.3%	44.8%
1971	47.2%	44.6%
1970	47.2%	44.4%
1969	47.2%	44.2%
1968	47.3%	43.9%
1967	47.5%	43.7%
1966	47.7%	43.4%
1965	47.7%	43.2%
1964	47.8%	43%
1963	47.7%	42.9%
1962	47.4%	42.8%
1961	47.2%	42.9%
1960	46.9%	43.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.4% of the population in Eswatini and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 47.6% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eswatini and Malawi compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Eswatini vs Malawi

Chart Table

Eswatini

Malawi

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Eswatini	Malawi
2023	118	225
2022	112	239
2021	219	286
2020	102	256
2019	96	260
2018	133	267
2017	151	284
2016	213	312
2015	283	354
2014	369	367
2013	491	410
2012	613	447
2011	765	486
2010	752	517
2009	855	512
2008	766	430
2007	647	333
2006	511	286
2005	529	283
2004	451	304
2003	392	346
2002	331	404
2001	307	447
2000	361	506
1999	409	576
1998	475	658
1997	550	672
1996	604	713
1995	612	782
1994	645	912
1993	609	1,000
1992	580	1,042
1991	545	1,080
1990	520	1,112
1989	505	1,136
1988	494	1,154
1987	521	1,123
1986	548	1,118
1985	580	1,115

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 118 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eswatini, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Eswatini

Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Eswatini	Malawi
2023	4.5%	3.83%
2022	4.62%	3.99%
2021	4.76%	4.15%
2020	4.98%	4.31%
2019	5.16%	4.55%
2018	5.1%	4.75%
2017	5.43%	5.06%
2016	5.53%	5.35%
2015	5.86%	5.67%
2014	6.17%	6.02%
2013	6.16%	6.4%
2012	6.38%	6.98%
2011	6.81%	7.67%
2010	8.18%	8.3%
2009	9.25%	8.81%
2008	9.82%	9.31%
2007	10%	9.83%
2006	10.5%	10.3%
2005	11.6%	11%
2004	11.6%	11.9%
2003	11.6%	13.2%
2002	11.4%	14.6%
2001	11.3%	16%
2000	10.9%	17.3%
1999	10.4%	18.4%
1998	9.87%	19.2%
1997	9.3%	19.7%
1996	8.71%	20.2%
1995	8.12%	20.7%
1994	7.62%	21.3%
1993	7.17%	22%
1992	6.85%	22.8%
1991	6.72%	23.6%
1990	6.75%	24.3%
1989	6.93%	24.9%
1988	7.2%	25.3%
1987	7.54%	25.5%
1986	7.93%	25.4%
1985	8.37%	25.1%
1984	8.85%	24.8%
1983	10.4%	24.5%
1982	9.89%	24.5%
1981	10.4%	24.9%
1980	10.9%	25.6%
1979	11.5%	26.5%
1978	12%	27.6%
1977	12.6%	28.7%
1976	13.2%	29.7%
1975	13.7%	30.6%
1974	14.3%	31.5%
1973	14.9%	32.4%
1972	15.4%	33.2%
1971	16%	33.9%
1970	16.5%	34.4%
1969	17%	34.7%
1968	17.4%	35%
1967	17.9%	35.1%
1966	18.3%	35.3%
1965	18.8%	35.4%
1964	19.2%	35.5%
1963	19.6%	35.7%
1962	20%	35.8%
1961	20.4%	35.9%
1960	20.7%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.5% in Eswatini and 3.83% in Malawi. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.