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Fertility & birth rates in Croatia and Malawi

Updated on by Georank team

Croatia has an annual birth rate of 8.3 births per 1,000 people, compared to 31.4 for Malawi. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.46 in Croatia and 3.65 in Malawi — 149.9% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -34.8% in Croatia and by -48.2% in Malawi — in 1960, it was 2.24 and 7.04, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Croatia is ranked 171/196 by birth rate compared to 25/196 for Malawi.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 29.3 years in Croatia, compared to 19.1 years in Malawi.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 30.9 in Croatia — it's 27.6 in Malawi.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 6.57 in Croatia vs 113.6 in Malawi.
  • In Croatia, 20.4% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 26.2% in Malawi.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.5% in Croatia and +2.6% in Malawi.

Birth rate data compared

Croatia Malawi
Fertility rate 1.46 3.65
Birth rate 8.3 31.4
Birth rate rank 171/196 25/196
Age at first childbirth 29.3 years 19.1 years
Average age at childbearing 30.9 years 27.6 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 6 112.9
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 61.3 171.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 12.7 51.6
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 20.4% 26.2%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 n/a 64.7%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.9% 96.4%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.003% 0.23%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.28% 1.88%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.39% 2.94%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.46% 3.83%
Population change due to births and deaths -19,298 +549,096
Natural population change rank 177/196 35/196
Natural population change rate -0.5% +2.6%
Population growth +0.17% +2.61%
Population growth rank 155/197 27/197
Life expectancy 78.9 years 67.7 years

Fertility rate in Croatia vs Malawi chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Croatia was 1.46 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Croatia vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Croatia
Factual

UN forecast
Malawi
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Croatia Malawi
1960 2.24 7.04
1961 2.22 7.07
1962 2.19 7.1
1963 2.15 7.13
1964 2.14 7.11
1965 2.22 7.13
1966 2.23 7.17
1967 2.1 7.21
1968 2.03 7.26
1969 1.95 7.27
1970 1.88 7.3
1971 1.97 7.31
1972 2.01 7.33
1973 2.01 7.34
1974 1.98 7.34
1975 1.95 7.36
1976 1.94 7.39
1977 1.95 7.41
1978 1.96 7.43
1979 1.95 7.47
1980 1.93 7.52
1981 1.93 7.49
1982 1.9 7.45
1983 1.88 7.36
1984 1.87 7.27
1985 1.82 7.17
1986 1.76 7.07
1987 1.64 6.97
1988 1.79 6.88
1989 1.63 6.8
1990 1.63 6.74
1991 1.53 6.68
1992 1.48 6.63
1993 1.52 6.57
1994 1.47 6.49
1995 1.58 6.39
1996 1.67 6.29
1997 1.69 6.23
1998 1.45 6.21
1999 1.38 6.12
2000 1.39 6
2001 1.46 5.94
2002 1.42 5.9
2003 1.41 5.88
2004 1.43 5.86
2005 1.5 5.85
2006 1.47 5.8
2007 1.48 5.72
2008 1.47 5.61
2009 1.5 5.45
2010 1.46 5.26
2011 1.41 5.08
2012 1.52 4.9
2013 1.46 4.76
2014 1.46 4.57
2015 1.41 4.38
2016 1.43 4.22
2017 1.42 4.11
2018 1.47 4.02
2019 1.47 3.95
2020 1.48 3.88
2021 1.62 3.79
2022 1.53 3.72
2023 1.46 3.65
2024 1.46 3.59
2025 1.47 3.53
2026 1.46 3.45
2027 1.47 3.39
2028 1.47 3.33
2029 1.47 3.29
2030 1.47 3.23
2031 1.48 3.18
2032 1.48 3.13
2033 1.48 3.09
2034 1.48 3.05
2035 1.49 3.01
2036 1.49 2.97
2037 1.49 2.93
2038 1.49 2.89
2039 1.49 2.86
2040 1.49 2.82
2041 1.5 2.79
2042 1.5 2.76
2043 1.5 2.73
2044 1.5 2.7
2045 1.5 2.67
2046 1.51 2.64
2047 1.51 2.61
2048 1.51 2.59
2049 1.51 2.57
2050 1.51 2.54

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Croatia
Factual

UN forecast
Malawi
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Croatia Malawi
1960 27% 43.1%
1961 26.9% 42.9%
1962 26.8% 42.8%
1963 26.5% 42.9%
1964 26.1% 43%
1965 25.7% 43.2%
1966 25.2% 43.4%
1967 24.8% 43.7%
1968 24.3% 43.9%
1969 23.7% 44.2%
1970 23.2% 44.4%
1971 22.8% 44.6%
1972 22.4% 44.8%
1973 22.2% 44.9%
1974 22% 45.1%
1975 21.8% 45.2%
1976 21.6% 45.2%
1977 21.4% 45.3%
1978 21.3% 45.3%
1979 21.2% 45.3%
1980 21.1% 45.4%
1981 21% 45.4%
1982 21% 45.4%
1983 20.9% 45.5%
1984 20.9% 45.5%
1985 20.8% 45.4%
1986 20.7% 45.4%
1987 20.5% 45.1%
1988 20.3% 45%
1989 20.1% 45.2%
1990 19.8% 45.4%
1991 19.5% 45.6%
1992 19.2% 45.8%
1993 18.8% 46%
1994 18.4% 46.1%
1995 18% 46.1%
1996 17.7% 46.2%
1997 17.5% 46.2%
1998 17.3% 46.2%
1999 17.1% 46.2%
2000 16.9% 46.2%
2001 16.7% 46.1%
2002 16.5% 46.1%
2003 16.3% 46.1%
2004 16% 46%
2005 15.8% 46%
2006 15.7% 46.1%
2007 15.5% 46.1%
2008 15.4% 46.1%
2009 15.4% 46.2%
2010 15.3% 46.2%
2011 15.1% 46.2%
2012 15% 46.1%
2013 14.8% 46%
2014 14.7% 45.7%
2015 14.6% 45.4%
2016 14.6% 45.1%
2017 14.6% 44.6%
2018 14.6% 44.2%
2019 14.5% 43.7%
2020 14.5% 43.1%
2021 14.4% 42.5%
2022 14.3% 41.9%
2023 14.1% 41.3%
2024 13.9% 40.7%
2025 13.7% 40.1%
2026 13.5% 39.6%
2027 13.3% 39.1%
2028 13.2% 38.6%
2029 13.1% 38.1%
2030 13% 37.7%
2031 12.9% 37.4%
2032 12.8% 37%
2033 12.8% 36.7%
2034 12.7% 36.4%
2035 12.7% 36%
2036 12.6% 35.7%
2037 12.6% 35.3%
2038 12.6% 35%
2039 12.6% 34.6%
2040 12.6% 34.2%
2041 12.6% 33.9%
2042 12.6% 33.5%
2043 12.7% 33.1%
2044 12.7% 32.7%
2045 12.7% 32.3%
2046 12.7% 31.9%
2047 12.8% 31.5%
2048 12.8% 31.2%
2049 12.8% 30.8%
2050 12.7% 30.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 13.9% of the population in Croatia and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 19.8% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Croatia and Malawi compared.

Natural population change in Croatia vs Malawi by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.45% in Croatia and +2.67% in Malawi. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Croatia
Malawi

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Croatia Malawi
1960 34,778 85,718
1961 36,255 89,091
1962 30,216 92,463
1963 31,270 95,933
1964 25,942 97,658
1965 31,251 100,040
1966 33,192 103,512
1967 26,032 106,668
1968 21,828 110,329
1969 16,688 113,120
1970 16,767 116,822
1971 19,941 121,015
1972 17,802 125,728
1973 21,904 131,529
1974 22,453 137,819
1975 21,658 145,254
1976 22,226 153,422
1977 22,798 161,930
1978 20,157 172,503
1979 21,136 182,123
1980 17,939 192,746
1981 15,680 199,436
1982 15,756 205,386
1983 10,714 209,422
1984 10,764 212,146
1985 10,343 216,179
1986 8,499 218,519
1987 6,161 220,566
1988 5,707 226,911
1989 3,337 237,967
1990 3,344 250,159
1991 -2,813 260,193
1992 -4,576 269,066
1993 -2,301 276,538
1994 -930 275,439
1995 0 266,745
1996 3,190 270,048
1997 3,175 277,433
1998 -4,985 285,407
1999 -6,769 295,629
2000 -6,255 300,439
2001 -8,599 310,833
2002 -10,325 322,863
2003 -12,480 341,133
2004 -9,040 361,133
2005 -9,022 381,130
2006 -8,669 397,123
2007 -10,335 410,290
2008 -8,188 421,781
2009 -7,319 434,811
2010 -8,591 444,468
2011 -9,846 454,149
2012 -9,799 460,684
2013 -10,162 470,293
2014 -11,345 472,418
2015 -16,607 472,484
2016 -13,553 474,779
2017 -16,570 484,655
2018 -15,557 494,348
2019 -15,008 506,104
2020 -20,354 514,659
2021 -26,377 517,400
2022 -23,134 533,450
2023 -19,298 549,096

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Croatia vs Malawi

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Croatia, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Croatia
Malawi
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Croatia Malawi
1985 10 1,115
1986 10 1,118
1987 10 1,123
1988 10 1,154
1989 9 1,136
1990 10 1,112
1991 10 1,080
1992 10 1,042
1993 9 1,000
1994 9 912
1995 9 782
1996 9 713
1997 9 672
1998 8 658
1999 8 576
2000 8 506
2001 7 447
2002 7 404
2003 8 346
2004 7 304
2005 7 283
2006 6 286
2007 6 333
2008 6 430
2009 6 512
2010 6 517
2011 5 486
2012 5 447
2013 5 410
2014 4 367
2015 4 354
2016 4 312
2017 4 284
2018 3 267
2019 4 260
2020 5 256
2021 12 286
2022 6 239
2023 3 225

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.46% in Croatia and 3.83% in Malawi. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Croatia
Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Croatia Malawi
1961 - 35.9%
1962 - 35.8%
1963 - 35.7%
1964 - 35.5%
1965 - 35.4%
1966 - 35.3%
1967 - 35.1%
1968 - 35%
1969 - 34.7%
1970 - 34.4%
1971 - 33.9%
1972 - 33.2%
1973 - 32.4%
1974 - 31.5%
1975 - 30.6%
1976 - 29.7%
1977 - 28.7%
1978 - 27.6%
1979 - 26.5%
1980 - 25.6%
1981 2.19% 24.9%
1982 2.09% 24.5%
1983 2% 24.5%
1984 1.91% 24.8%
1985 1.8% 25.1%
1986 1.69% 25.4%
1987 1.59% 25.5%
1988 1.48% 25.3%
1989 1.38% 24.9%
1990 1.29% 24.3%
1991 1.39% 23.6%
1992 1.15% 22.8%
1993 1.09% 22%
1994 1.04% 21.3%
1995 1% 20.7%
1996 0.96% 20.2%
1997 0.93% 19.7%
1998 0.9% 19.2%
1999 0.86% 18.4%
2000 0.83% 17.3%
2001 0.8% 16%
2002 0.77% 14.6%
2003 0.82% 13.2%
2004 0.71% 11.9%
2005 0.67% 11%
2006 0.64% 10.3%
2007 0.61% 9.83%
2008 0.59% 9.31%
2009 0.57% 8.81%
2010 0.55% 8.3%
2011 0.53% 7.67%
2012 0.52% 6.98%
2013 0.51% 6.4%
2014 0.5% 6.02%
2015 0.49% 5.67%
2016 0.49% 5.35%
2017 0.48% 5.06%
2018 0.48% 4.75%
2019 0.47% 4.55%
2020 0.47% 4.31%
2021 0.46% 4.15%
2022 0.46% 3.99%
2023 0.46% 3.83%

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Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Croatia vs Malawi
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