Fertility & birth rates in Costa Rica and Malawi

Fertility rate in Costa Rica vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

Costa Rica

Malawi

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Costa Rica	Malawi
2023	1.33	3.65
2022	1.34	3.72
2021	1.35	3.79
2020	1.45	3.88
2019	1.6	3.95
2018	1.71	4.02
2017	1.71	4.11
2016	1.75	4.22
2015	1.8	4.38
2014	1.8	4.57
2013	1.78	4.76
2012	1.85	4.9
2011	1.88	5.08
2010	1.83	5.26
2009	1.95	5.45
2008	1.98	5.61
2007	1.95	5.72
2006	1.94	5.8
2005	2.04	5.85
2004	2.03	5.86
2003	2.08	5.88
2002	2.16	5.9
2001	2.31	5.94
2000	2.41	6
1999	2.48	6.12
1998	2.53	6.21
1997	2.59	6.23
1996	2.68	6.29
1995	2.78	6.39
1994	2.86	6.49
1993	2.93	6.57
1992	3	6.63
1991	3.08	6.68
1990	3.17	6.74
1989	3.24	6.8
1988	3.31	6.88
1987	3.38	6.97
1986	3.45	7.07
1985	3.51	7.17
1984	3.52	7.27
1983	3.53	7.36
1982	3.54	7.45
1981	3.56	7.49
1980	3.58	7.52
1979	3.65	7.47
1978	3.66	7.43
1977	3.7	7.41
1976	3.75	7.39
1975	3.8	7.36
1974	3.89	7.34
1973	3.99	7.34
1972	4.16	7.33
1971	4.36	7.31
1970	4.59	7.3
1969	4.84	7.27
1968	5.03	7.26
1967	5.42	7.21
1966	5.7	7.17
1965	5.96	7.13
1964	6.19	7.11
1963	6.39	7.13
1962	6.54	7.1
1961	6.65	7.07
1960	6.71	7.04

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Costa Rica was 1.33 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Costa Rica vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Costa Rica

Malawi

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Costa Rica	Malawi
2023	24,109	549,096
2022	21,409	533,450
2021	20,119	517,400
2020	29,164	514,659
2019	37,682	506,104
2018	42,469	494,348
2017	43,471	484,655
2016	45,565	474,779
2015	49,077	472,484
2014	49,559	472,418
2013	49,227	470,293
2012	52,036	460,684
2011	52,884	454,149
2010	50,803	444,468
2009	55,757	434,811
2008	56,491	421,781
2007	55,244	410,290
2006	54,177	397,123
2005	57,139	381,130
2004	55,769	361,133
2003	56,743	341,133
2002	58,388	322,863
2001	62,199	310,833
2000	64,268	300,439
1999	64,922	295,629
1998	64,788	285,407
1997	64,954	277,433
1996	66,094	270,048
1995	67,585	266,745
1994	68,336	275,439
1993	69,016	276,538
1992	69,830	269,066
1991	70,506	260,193
1990	71,727	250,159
1989	72,327	237,967
1988	72,944	226,911
1987	73,188	220,566
1986	73,211	218,519
1985	72,776	216,179
1984	71,062	212,146
1983	68,972	209,422
1982	66,826	205,386
1981	64,632	199,436
1980	62,561	192,746
1979	60,984	182,123
1978	58,327	172,503
1977	56,122	161,930
1976	54,019	153,422
1975	51,979	145,254
1974	50,349	137,819
1973	48,943	131,529
1972	48,417	125,728
1971	48,341	121,015
1970	48,398	116,822
1969	48,790	113,120
1968	48,361	110,329
1967	50,193	106,668
1966	50,755	103,512
1965	51,196	100,040
1964	51,435	97,658
1963	51,403	95,933
1962	51,046	92,463
1961	50,149	89,091
1960	48,857	85,718

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.47% in Costa Rica and +2.6% in Malawi.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.74% in Costa Rica and +2.67% in Malawi.

Birth rate in Costa Rica vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

Costa Rica

Malawi

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Costa Rica	Malawi
2023	10.2	31.4
2022	10.3	31.7
2021	10.5	32.1
2020	11.4	32.5
2019	12.7	32.9
2018	13.6	33.2
2017	13.8	33.7
2016	14.2	34.2
2015	14.7	35.3
2014	14.8	36.5
2013	14.8	37.7
2012	15.5	38.6
2011	15.8	39.7
2010	15.4	40.7
2009	16.5	41.7
2008	16.8	42.6
2007	16.6	43.3
2006	16.4	43.8
2005	17.3	44
2004	17.1	44
2003	17.6	43.9
2002	18.2	44
2001	19.4	44.2
2000	20.2	44.6
1999	20.7	45.4
1998	21	45.9
1997	21.5	46
1996	22.2	46.2
1995	23	46.8
1994	23.6	48.4
1993	24.3	48.4
1992	25	48.1
1991	25.7	48.4
1990	26.7	48.4
1989	27.5	48.5
1988	28.3	48.8
1987	29.1	48.6
1986	29.8	49.8
1985	30.4	50.4
1984	30.5	50.8
1983	30.5	51.4
1982	30.5	52
1981	30.4	52.4
1980	30.4	52.7
1979	30.5	52.4
1978	30.2	52.4
1977	30	52.4
1976	29.9	52.6
1975	29.8	52.7
1974	29.9	52.9
1973	30.1	53.2
1972	30.7	53.5
1971	31.6	53.7
1970	32.6	54
1969	33.8	54.1
1968	34.6	54.4
1967	36.8	54.3
1966	38.3	54.3
1965	39.9	54.1
1964	41.4	54.2
1963	42.7	54.4
1962	43.9	54.2
1961	44.8	54
1960	45.5	53.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 10.2 in Costa Rica and 31.4 in Malawi, compared with 45.5 and 53.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Costa Rica

Factual

UN forecast

Malawi

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Costa Rica	Malawi
2100	10.3%	19.9%
2099	10.3%	20%
2098	10.3%	20.2%
2097	10.3%	20.3%
2096	10.3%	20.4%
2095	10.4%	20.6%
2094	10.4%	20.7%
2093	10.4%	20.9%
2092	10.4%	21%
2091	10.4%	21.2%
2090	10.5%	21.3%
2089	10.5%	21.5%
2088	10.5%	21.6%
2087	10.5%	21.8%
2086	10.5%	22%
2085	10.5%	22.1%
2084	10.5%	22.3%
2083	10.6%	22.5%
2082	10.6%	22.7%
2081	10.5%	22.9%
2080	10.5%	23.1%
2079	10.5%	23.2%
2078	10.5%	23.4%
2077	10.5%	23.6%
2076	10.5%	23.8%
2075	10.5%	24.1%
2074	10.5%	24.3%
2073	10.5%	24.5%
2072	10.5%	24.7%
2071	10.5%	24.9%
2070	10.5%	25.2%
2069	10.6%	25.4%
2068	10.6%	25.6%
2067	10.7%	25.9%
2066	10.8%	26.1%
2065	10.8%	26.3%
2064	10.9%	26.6%
2063	11%	26.8%
2062	11.2%	27.1%
2061	11.3%	27.3%
2060	11.4%	27.6%
2059	11.5%	27.9%
2058	11.7%	28.1%
2057	11.8%	28.4%
2056	11.9%	28.7%
2055	12.1%	29%
2054	12.2%	29.3%
2053	12.3%	29.6%
2052	12.4%	29.9%
2051	12.6%	30.3%
2050	12.7%	30.6%
2049	12.8%	31%
2048	12.9%	31.4%
2047	13%	31.7%
2046	13%	32.1%
2045	13.1%	32.5%
2044	13.2%	32.9%
2043	13.3%	33.3%
2042	13.4%	33.7%
2041	13.5%	34%
2040	13.5%	34.4%
2039	13.6%	34.8%
2038	13.7%	35.1%
2037	13.9%	35.5%
2036	14%	35.9%
2035	14.2%	36.2%
2034	14.5%	36.5%
2033	14.9%	36.9%
2032	15.3%	37.2%
2031	15.7%	37.5%
2030	16.2%	37.9%
2029	16.7%	38.3%
2028	17.1%	38.8%
2027	17.6%	39.3%
2026	18.1%	39.9%
2025	18.5%	40.4%
2024	18.8%	40.7%
2023	19.3%	41.3%
2022	19.8%	41.9%
2021	20.3%	42.5%
2020	20.7%	43.1%
2019	21.1%	43.7%
2018	21.4%	44.2%
2017	21.8%	44.6%
2016	22.1%	45.1%
2015	22.5%	45.4%
2014	23%	45.7%
2013	23.4%	46%
2012	23.9%	46.1%
2011	24.3%	46.2%
2010	24.9%	46.2%
2009	25.4%	46.2%
2008	25.9%	46.1%
2007	26.5%	46.1%
2006	27.1%	46.1%
2005	27.7%	46%
2004	28.4%	46%
2003	29.1%	46.1%
2002	29.8%	46.1%
2001	30.5%	46.1%
2000	31.1%	46.2%
1999	31.8%	46.2%
1998	32.4%	46.2%
1997	33%	46.2%
1996	33.6%	46.2%
1995	34.1%	46.1%
1994	34.6%	46.1%
1993	35%	46%
1992	35.4%	45.8%
1991	35.7%	45.6%
1990	36%	45.4%
1989	36.1%	45.2%
1988	36.2%	45%
1987	36.2%	45.1%
1986	36.3%	45.4%
1985	36.3%	45.4%
1984	36.4%	45.5%
1983	36.5%	45.5%
1982	36.7%	45.4%
1981	37.1%	45.4%
1980	37.5%	45.4%
1979	38%	45.3%
1978	38.6%	45.3%
1977	39.2%	45.3%
1976	40%	45.2%
1975	40.8%	45.2%
1974	41.5%	45.1%
1973	42.3%	44.9%
1972	43.1%	44.8%
1971	43.8%	44.6%
1970	44.4%	44.4%
1969	45%	44.2%
1968	45.5%	43.9%
1967	45.9%	43.7%
1966	46.3%	43.4%
1965	46.5%	43.2%
1964	46.6%	43%
1963	46.7%	42.9%
1962	46.7%	42.8%
1961	46.6%	42.9%
1960	46.4%	43.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 18.8% of the population in Costa Rica and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 36% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Costa Rica and Malawi compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Costa Rica vs Malawi

Chart Table

Costa Rica

Malawi

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Costa Rica	Malawi
2023	24	225
2022	27	239
2021	44	286
2020	34	256
2019	26	260
2018	28	267
2017	27	284
2016	27	312
2015	26	354
2014	27	367
2013	27	410
2012	27	447
2011	28	486
2010	29	517
2009	29	512
2008	30	430
2007	30	333
2006	30	286
2005	31	283
2004	33	304
2003	33	346
2002	34	404
2001	35	447
2000	36	506
1999	36	576
1998	37	658
1997	38	672
1996	39	713
1995	39	782
1994	39	912
1993	39	1,000
1992	39	1,042
1991	39	1,080
1990	40	1,112
1989	40	1,136
1988	40	1,154
1987	41	1,123
1986	42	1,118
1985	43	1,115

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 24 deaths per 100,000 live births in Costa Rica, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Costa Rica

Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Costa Rica	Malawi
2023	1.05%	3.83%
2022	1.01%	3.99%
2021	0.97%	4.15%
2020	0.94%	4.31%
2019	0.91%	4.55%
2018	0.89%	4.75%
2017	0.89%	5.06%
2016	0.89%	5.35%
2015	0.9%	5.67%
2014	0.92%	6.02%
2013	0.95%	6.4%
2012	0.98%	6.98%
2011	1.02%	7.67%
2010	1.05%	8.3%
2009	1.07%	8.81%
2008	1.09%	9.31%
2007	1.11%	9.83%
2006	1.12%	10.3%
2005	1.13%	11%
2004	1.15%	11.9%
2003	1.18%	13.2%
2002	1.22%	14.6%
2001	1.26%	16%
2000	1.31%	17.3%
1999	1.36%	18.4%
1998	1.41%	19.2%
1997	1.45%	19.7%
1996	1.47%	20.2%
1995	1.49%	20.7%
1994	1.51%	21.3%
1993	1.53%	22%
1992	1.57%	22.8%
1991	1.62%	23.6%
1990	1.69%	24.3%
1989	1.78%	24.9%
1988	1.89%	25.3%
1987	2.01%	25.5%
1986	2.12%	25.4%
1985	2.2%	25.1%
1984	2.25%	24.8%
1983	2.27%	24.5%
1982	2.29%	24.5%
1981	2.33%	24.9%
1980	2.45%	25.6%
1979	2.65%	26.5%
1978	2.96%	27.6%
1977	3.39%	28.7%
1976	3.93%	29.7%
1975	4.54%	30.6%
1974	5.17%	31.5%
1973	5.82%	32.4%
1972	6.45%	33.2%
1971	7.02%	33.9%
1970	7.48%	34.4%
1969	7.85%	34.7%
1968	8.17%	35%
1967	8.49%	35.1%
1966	8.78%	35.3%
1965	9.02%	35.4%
1964	9.18%	35.5%
1963	9.25%	35.7%
1962	9.27%	35.8%
1961	9.36%	35.9%
1960	9.62%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.05% in Costa Rica and 3.83% in Malawi. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.