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Fertility & birth rates in Lesotho and Malawi

Updated on by Georank team

Lesotho has an annual birth rate of 24.1 births per 1,000 people, compared to 31.4 for Malawi. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 2.69 in Lesotho and 3.65 in Malawi — 35.4% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -53.4% in Lesotho and by -48.2% in Malawi — in 1960, it was 5.78 and 7.04, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Lesotho is ranked 56/196 by birth rate compared to 25/196 for Malawi.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 20.9 years in Lesotho, compared to 19.1 years in Malawi.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 27.9 in Lesotho — it's 27.6 in Malawi.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 70.6 in Lesotho vs 113.6 in Malawi.
  • In Lesotho, 27.8% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 26.2% in Malawi.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.35% in Lesotho and +2.6% in Malawi.

Birth rate data compared

Lesotho Malawi
Fertility rate 2.69 3.65
Birth rate 24.1 31.4
Birth rate rank 56/196 25/196
Age at first childbirth 20.9 years 19.1 years
Average age at childbearing 27.9 years 27.6 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 69.1 112.9
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 134.4 171.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 38.1 51.6
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 27.8% 26.2%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 65.3% 64.7%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 86.6% 96.4%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.48% 0.23%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 2.87% 1.88%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 5.54% 2.94%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 5.89% 3.83%
Population change due to births and deaths +31,115 +549,096
Natural population change rank 103/196 35/196
Natural population change rate +1.35% +2.6%
Population growth +1.12% +2.61%
Population growth rank 96/197 27/197
Life expectancy 58.2 years 67.7 years

Fertility rate in Lesotho vs Malawi chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Lesotho was 2.69 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Lesotho vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Lesotho
Factual

UN forecast
Malawi
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Lesotho Malawi
1960 5.78 7.04
1961 5.79 7.07
1962 5.79 7.1
1963 5.78 7.13
1964 5.77 7.11
1965 5.77 7.13
1966 5.76 7.17
1967 5.75 7.21
1968 5.73 7.26
1969 5.7 7.27
1970 5.7 7.3
1971 5.7 7.31
1972 5.69 7.33
1973 5.69 7.34
1974 5.75 7.34
1975 5.83 7.36
1976 5.87 7.39
1977 5.85 7.41
1978 5.82 7.43
1979 5.79 7.47
1980 5.75 7.52
1981 5.69 7.49
1982 5.63 7.45
1983 5.56 7.36
1984 5.48 7.27
1985 5.4 7.17
1986 5.32 7.07
1987 5.22 6.97
1988 5.1 6.88
1989 4.96 6.8
1990 4.81 6.74
1991 4.68 6.68
1992 4.54 6.63
1993 4.37 6.57
1994 4.21 6.49
1995 4.13 6.39
1996 4.06 6.29
1997 3.98 6.23
1998 3.82 6.21
1999 3.67 6.12
2000 3.61 6
2001 3.63 5.94
2002 3.68 5.9
2003 3.62 5.88
2004 3.51 5.86
2005 3.43 5.85
2006 3.41 5.8
2007 3.44 5.72
2008 3.39 5.61
2009 3.31 5.45
2010 3.25 5.26
2011 3.34 5.08
2012 3.3 4.9
2013 3.28 4.76
2014 3.24 4.57
2015 3.22 4.38
2016 3.18 4.22
2017 3.11 4.11
2018 3.02 4.02
2019 2.92 3.95
2020 2.85 3.88
2021 2.77 3.79
2022 2.72 3.72
2023 2.69 3.65
2024 2.66 3.59
2025 2.64 3.53
2026 2.61 3.45
2027 2.58 3.39
2028 2.55 3.33
2029 2.53 3.29
2030 2.5 3.23
2031 2.47 3.18
2032 2.45 3.13
2033 2.43 3.09
2034 2.41 3.05
2035 2.38 3.01
2036 2.37 2.97
2037 2.34 2.93
2038 2.32 2.89
2039 2.3 2.86
2040 2.29 2.82
2041 2.27 2.79
2042 2.25 2.76
2043 2.24 2.73
2044 2.22 2.7
2045 2.21 2.67
2046 2.19 2.64
2047 2.18 2.61
2048 2.17 2.59
2049 2.16 2.57
2050 2.14 2.54

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Lesotho
Factual

UN forecast
Malawi
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Lesotho Malawi
1960 45.1% 43.1%
1961 45.2% 42.9%
1962 45.3% 42.8%
1963 45.2% 42.9%
1964 44.9% 43%
1965 44.8% 43.2%
1966 44.9% 43.4%
1967 44.8% 43.7%
1968 44.4% 43.9%
1969 44% 44.2%
1970 43.6% 44.4%
1971 43.1% 44.6%
1972 42.7% 44.8%
1973 42.3% 44.9%
1974 41.9% 45.1%
1975 41.6% 45.2%
1976 41.4% 45.2%
1977 41.5% 45.3%
1978 41.7% 45.3%
1979 41.9% 45.3%
1980 42.1% 45.4%
1981 42.3% 45.4%
1982 42.5% 45.4%
1983 42.7% 45.5%
1984 42.8% 45.5%
1985 43% 45.4%
1986 42.7% 45.4%
1987 42.5% 45.1%
1988 42.7% 45%
1989 42.8% 45.2%
1990 42.9% 45.4%
1991 42.9% 45.6%
1992 42.8% 45.8%
1993 42.6% 46%
1994 42.3% 46.1%
1995 42% 46.1%
1996 41.7% 46.2%
1997 41.2% 46.2%
1998 40.7% 46.2%
1999 40.2% 46.2%
2000 39.6% 46.2%
2001 39.1% 46.1%
2002 38.6% 46.1%
2003 38.1% 46.1%
2004 37.7% 46%
2005 37.4% 46%
2006 37.1% 46.1%
2007 36.8% 46.1%
2008 36.7% 46.1%
2009 36.6% 46.2%
2010 36.5% 46.2%
2011 36.5% 46.2%
2012 36.5% 46.1%
2013 36.5% 46%
2014 36.6% 45.7%
2015 36.6% 45.4%
2016 36.6% 45.1%
2017 36.5% 44.6%
2018 36.3% 44.2%
2019 36.1% 43.7%
2020 35.8% 43.1%
2021 35.6% 42.5%
2022 35.3% 41.9%
2023 34.9% 41.3%
2024 34.5% 40.7%
2025 34.1% 40.1%
2026 33.6% 39.6%
2027 33.1% 39.1%
2028 32.6% 38.6%
2029 32% 38.1%
2030 31.5% 37.7%
2031 31% 37.4%
2032 30.5% 37%
2033 30.1% 36.7%
2034 29.7% 36.4%
2035 29.3% 36%
2036 29% 35.7%
2037 28.8% 35.3%
2038 28.5% 35%
2039 28.3% 34.6%
2040 28.1% 34.2%
2041 27.8% 33.9%
2042 27.6% 33.5%
2043 27.4% 33.1%
2044 27.1% 32.7%
2045 26.9% 32.3%
2046 26.7% 31.9%
2047 26.4% 31.5%
2048 26.2% 31.2%
2049 25.9% 30.8%
2050 25.7% 30.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 34.5% of the population in Lesotho and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 42.9% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Lesotho and Malawi compared.

Natural population change in Lesotho vs Malawi by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.44% in Lesotho and +2.67% in Malawi. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Lesotho
Malawi

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Lesotho Malawi
1960 19,981 85,718
1961 20,581 89,091
1962 21,132 92,463
1963 21,585 95,933
1964 22,116 97,658
1965 22,755 100,040
1966 23,326 103,512
1967 23,911 106,668
1968 24,490 110,329
1969 25,137 113,120
1970 25,935 116,822
1971 26,838 121,015
1972 27,841 125,728
1973 28,859 131,529
1974 30,444 137,819
1975 32,311 145,254
1976 34,117 153,422
1977 35,654 161,930
1978 37,084 172,503
1979 38,440 182,123
1980 39,617 192,746
1981 40,808 199,436
1982 41,941 205,386
1983 42,899 209,422
1984 43,785 212,146
1985 44,575 216,179
1986 45,232 218,519
1987 47,718 220,566
1988 47,158 226,911
1989 46,264 237,967
1990 45,060 250,159
1991 44,026 260,193
1992 42,579 269,066
1993 40,505 276,538
1994 38,629 275,439
1995 37,370 266,745
1996 36,228 270,048
1997 34,637 277,433
1998 30,889 285,407
1999 27,393 295,629
2000 24,786 300,439
2001 23,190 310,833
2002 22,274 322,863
2003 20,133 341,133
2004 17,271 361,133
2005 15,831 381,130
2006 15,234 397,123
2007 17,763 410,290
2008 19,349 421,781
2009 20,335 434,811
2010 21,877 444,468
2011 25,647 454,149
2012 27,592 460,684
2013 29,789 470,293
2014 30,922 472,418
2015 32,087 472,484
2016 33,390 474,779
2017 33,601 484,655
2018 33,112 494,348
2019 32,279 506,104
2020 30,721 514,659
2021 27,806 517,400
2022 30,803 533,450
2023 31,115 549,096

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Lesotho vs Malawi

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 478 deaths per 100,000 live births in Lesotho, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Lesotho
Malawi
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Lesotho Malawi
1985 711 1,115
1986 680 1,118
1987 686 1,123
1988 680 1,154
1989 680 1,136
1990 665 1,112
1991 641 1,080
1992 601 1,042
1993 542 1,000
1994 423 912
1995 357 782
1996 319 713
1997 312 672
1998 332 658
1999 371 576
2000 413 506
2001 465 447
2002 484 404
2003 508 346
2004 499 304
2005 549 283
2006 696 286
2007 891 333
2008 1,205 430
2009 1,387 512
2010 1,311 517
2011 1,210 486
2012 1,000 447
2013 855 410
2014 707 367
2015 594 354
2016 518 312
2017 468 284
2018 491 267
2019 467 260
2020 529 256
2021 577 286
2022 477 239
2023 478 225

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 5.89% in Lesotho and 3.83% in Malawi. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Lesotho
Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Lesotho Malawi
1960 18.6% -
1961 18.5% 35.9%
1962 18.5% 35.8%
1963 18.6% 35.7%
1964 18.6% 35.5%
1965 18.7% 35.4%
1966 18.6% 35.3%
1967 18.5% 35.1%
1968 18.3% 35%
1969 18% 34.7%
1970 17.7% 34.4%
1971 17.3% 33.9%
1972 16.9% 33.2%
1973 16.5% 32.4%
1974 16% 31.5%
1975 15.5% 30.6%
1976 14.9% 29.7%
1977 14.2% 28.7%
1978 13.6% 27.6%
1979 12.9% 26.5%
1980 12.3% 25.6%
1981 11.7% 24.9%
1982 11.1% 24.5%
1983 10.6% 24.5%
1984 10.1% 24.8%
1985 9.72% 25.1%
1986 9.36% 25.4%
1987 9.06% 25.5%
1988 8.8% 25.3%
1989 8.6% 24.9%
1990 8.47% 24.3%
1991 8.43% 23.6%
1992 8.51% 22.8%
1993 8.73% 22%
1994 9.07% 21.3%
1995 9.45% 20.7%
1996 9.83% 20.2%
1997 10.2% 19.7%
1998 10.5% 19.2%
1999 10.7% 18.4%
2000 10.9% 17.3%
2001 11.1% 16%
2002 11.2% 14.6%
2003 11.4% 13.2%
2004 11.5% 11.9%
2005 11.6% 11%
2006 11.5% 10.3%
2007 11.2% 9.83%
2008 10.9% 9.31%
2009 9.64% 8.81%
2010 9.01% 8.3%
2011 8.59% 7.67%
2012 8.26% 6.98%
2013 8.02% 6.4%
2014 7.82% 6.02%
2015 7.51% 5.67%
2016 7.18% 5.35%
2017 7.12% 5.06%
2018 6.91% 4.75%
2019 6.87% 4.55%
2020 6.68% 4.31%
2021 6.44% 4.15%
2022 6.15% 3.99%
2023 5.89% 3.83%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Lesotho vs Malawi
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