Fertility & birth rates in Eswatini and Uganda

Fertility rate in Eswatini vs Uganda chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eswatini was 2.75 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.28 in Uganda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eswatini vs Uganda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Eswatini	Uganda
1960	6.75	6.91
1961	6.77	6.93
1962	6.79	6.96
1963	6.8	6.98
1964	6.79	7.01
1965	6.79	7.04
1966	6.8	7.07
1967	6.77	7.1
1968	6.76	7.13
1969	6.76	7.12
1970	6.75	7.15
1971	6.74	7.18
1972	6.72	7.19
1973	6.72	7.19
1974	6.71	7.19
1975	6.71	7.2
1976	6.7	7.19
1977	6.68	7.18
1978	6.65	7.16
1979	6.61	7.14
1980	6.57	7.11
1981	6.54	7.12
1982	6.49	7.11
1983	6.43	7.07
1984	6.36	7.02
1985	6.28	7.04
1986	6.11	7.08
1987	5.9	7.12
1988	5.69	7.1
1989	5.48	7.05
1990	5.3	7.01
1991	5.13	6.94
1992	4.98	6.91
1993	4.82	6.89
1994	4.66	6.9
1995	4.52	6.87
1996	4.38	6.84
1997	4.24	6.86
1998	4.13	6.84
1999	4.09	6.83
2000	4.03	6.79
2001	3.94	6.76
2002	3.85	6.74
2003	3.8	6.67
2004	3.76	6.61
2005	3.7	6.53
2006	3.63	6.43
2007	3.58	6.33
2008	3.57	6.2
2009	3.5	6.12
2010	3.38	6.02
2011	3.32	5.89
2012	3.27	5.73
2013	3.24	5.56
2014	3.18	5.41
2015	3.12	5.25
2016	3.07	5.11
2017	3.02	4.99
2018	2.97	4.87
2019	2.93	4.74
2020	2.89	4.62
2021	2.84	4.51
2022	2.8	4.39
2023	2.75	4.28
2024	2.72	4.16
2025	2.68	4.06
2026	2.64	3.97
2027	2.61	3.87
2028	2.57	3.79
2029	2.54	3.69
2030	2.51	3.61
2031	2.49	3.53
2032	2.45	3.45
2033	2.42	3.38
2034	2.4	3.31
2035	2.37	3.25
2036	2.35	3.19
2037	2.32	3.14
2038	2.3	3.09
2039	2.28	3.04
2040	2.26	2.99
2041	2.24	2.94
2042	2.22	2.9
2043	2.2	2.86
2044	2.18	2.82
2045	2.16	2.78
2046	2.14	2.74
2047	2.13	2.71
2048	2.11	2.67
2049	2.1	2.64
2050	2.08	2.61

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Eswatini	Uganda
1960	46.9%	46.3%
1961	47.2%	46.6%
1962	47.4%	46.8%
1963	47.7%	46.9%
1964	47.8%	46.8%
1965	47.7%	46.7%
1966	47.7%	46.6%
1967	47.5%	46.6%
1968	47.3%	46.5%
1969	47.2%	46.5%
1970	47.2%	46.5%
1971	47.2%	46.7%
1972	47.3%	46.9%
1973	47.4%	47.1%
1974	47.5%	47.3%
1975	47.7%	47.4%
1976	47.9%	47.5%
1977	48.1%	47.5%
1978	48.3%	47.6%
1979	48.5%	47.7%
1980	48.7%	47.9%
1981	48.9%	48%
1982	49.2%	48%
1983	49.3%	48.1%
1984	49.4%	48%
1985	49.5%	48%
1986	49.4%	48%
1987	49.3%	48%
1988	48.7%	48.1%
1989	48.1%	48.1%
1990	47.6%	48.2%
1991	47.1%	48.3%
1992	46.6%	48.4%
1993	46.4%	48.5%
1994	47%	48.6%
1995	47.4%	49.1%
1996	46.9%	49.4%
1997	46.2%	49.7%
1998	45.3%	49.9%
1999	44.4%	50%
2000	43.6%	50.1%
2001	42.9%	50.1%
2002	42.3%	50.1%
2003	41.8%	50.1%
2004	41.4%	50.1%
2005	41.1%	50.1%
2006	40.8%	50%
2007	40.4%	50%
2008	39.9%	49.8%
2009	39.3%	49.7%
2010	38.8%	49.5%
2011	38.4%	49.3%
2012	38%	49.1%
2013	37.6%	48.8%
2014	37.2%	48.5%
2015	36.8%	48.1%
2016	36.4%	47.5%
2017	36%	46.9%
2018	35.6%	46.3%
2019	35.1%	45.8%
2020	34.7%	45.2%
2021	34.3%	44.7%
2022	34%	44.3%
2023	33.7%	43.9%
2024	33.4%	43.5%
2025	33%	43.1%
2026	32.6%	42.7%
2027	32.2%	42.2%
2028	31.8%	41.8%
2029	31.4%	41.3%
2030	31%	40.9%
2031	30.7%	40.5%
2032	30.3%	40%
2033	29.9%	39.5%
2034	29.5%	39%
2035	29.1%	38.4%
2036	28.7%	37.8%
2037	28.4%	37.3%
2038	28%	36.7%
2039	27.7%	36.1%
2040	27.4%	35.6%
2041	27.1%	35.1%
2042	26.8%	34.6%
2043	26.5%	34.1%
2044	26.2%	33.6%
2045	26%	33.1%
2046	25.7%	32.7%
2047	25.4%	32.3%
2048	25.1%	31.8%
2049	24.9%	31.5%
2050	24.6%	31.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.4% of the population in Eswatini and 43.5% in Uganda in 2024, compared to 47.6% and 48.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eswatini and Uganda compared.

Natural population change in Eswatini vs Uganda by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.63% in Eswatini and +3.17% in Uganda. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Eswatini	Uganda
1960	9,947	225,080
1961	10,262	232,894
1962	10,601	241,513
1963	10,929	250,885
1964	11,266	260,733
1965	11,719	271,830
1966	12,282	282,225
1967	12,773	296,692
1968	13,449	309,725
1969	14,164	320,486
1970	14,873	333,202
1971	15,615	328,294
1972	16,353	335,935
1973	17,145	340,780
1974	17,971	345,773
1975	18,849	354,278
1976	19,734	359,458
1977	20,609	365,216
1978	21,466	371,930
1979	22,299	381,626
1980	23,153	370,287
1981	23,973	380,028
1982	24,742	390,820
1983	24,883	404,940
1984	26,149	421,241
1985	26,835	462,534
1986	27,096	487,693
1987	27,285	527,397
1988	27,396	547,759
1989	28,257	565,367
1990	28,349	587,291
1991	28,497	602,740
1992	28,446	627,139
1993	28,046	650,032
1994	26,703	675,092
1995	23,029	697,218
1996	21,858	699,707
1997	20,686	727,523
1998	19,762	741,175
1999	19,420	775,166
2000	18,830	803,069
2001	17,824	836,751
2002	16,924	868,756
2003	16,396	901,374
2004	15,979	938,623
2005	15,945	969,096
2006	16,133	999,958
2007	16,595	1,029,893
2008	17,275	1,055,935
2009	17,656	1,090,600
2010	17,652	1,121,564
2011	17,645	1,147,263
2012	18,308	1,167,473
2013	18,903	1,184,250
2014	19,107	1,201,599
2015	19,223	1,224,839
2016	19,233	1,249,565
2017	19,278	1,290,658
2018	19,392	1,332,600
2019	19,488	1,367,044
2020	18,899	1,397,288
2021	17,314	1,423,377
2022	20,125	1,455,576
2023	20,147	1,477,166

Maternal mortality chart: Eswatini vs Uganda

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 118 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eswatini, compared to 170 deaths in Uganda.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Eswatini	Uganda
1985	580	842
1986	548	781
1987	521	709
1988	494	655
1989	505	609
1990	520	575
1991	545	549
1992	580	530
1993	609	515
1994	645	507
1995	612	514
1996	604	513
1997	550	522
1998	475	523
1999	409	504
2000	361	475
2001	307	440
2002	331	416
2003	392	395
2004	451	384
2005	529	417
2006	511	409
2007	647	345
2008	766	324
2009	855	322
2010	752	304
2011	765	295
2012	613	285
2013	491	308
2014	369	311
2015	283	299
2016	213	272
2017	151	246
2018	133	232
2019	96	219
2020	102	209
2021	219	216
2022	112	184
2023	118	170

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.5% in Eswatini and 3.88% in Uganda. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Eswatini	Uganda
1960	20.7%	22.3%
1961	20.4%	21.9%
1962	20%	21.6%
1963	19.6%	21.3%
1964	19.2%	20.9%
1965	18.8%	20.6%
1966	18.3%	20.3%
1967	17.9%	19.9%
1968	17.4%	19.7%
1969	17%	19.4%
1970	16.5%	19.3%
1971	16%	19.3%
1972	15.4%	19.4%
1973	14.9%	19.6%
1974	14.3%	19.9%
1975	13.7%	20.3%
1976	13.2%	20.7%
1977	12.6%	21.2%
1978	12%	21.6%
1979	11.5%	21.8%
1980	10.9%	22%
1981	10.4%	21.9%
1982	9.89%	21.4%
1983	10.4%	20.9%
1984	8.85%	20.3%
1985	8.37%	19.9%
1986	7.93%	19.5%
1987	7.54%	19.2%
1988	7.2%	18.9%
1989	6.93%	18.7%
1990	6.75%	18.3%
1991	6.72%	17.9%
1992	6.85%	17.4%
1993	7.17%	17%
1994	7.62%	16.7%
1995	8.12%	16.5%
1996	8.71%	16.2%
1997	9.3%	16%
1998	9.87%	15.6%
1999	10.4%	15.2%
2000	10.9%	14.6%
2001	11.3%	13.9%
2002	11.4%	13.1%
2003	11.6%	12.3%
2004	11.6%	11.5%
2005	11.6%	10.7%
2006	10.5%	9.97%
2007	10%	9.3%
2008	9.82%	8.69%
2009	9.25%	8.14%
2010	8.18%	7.61%
2011	6.81%	7.1%
2012	6.38%	6.67%
2013	6.16%	6.24%
2014	6.17%	5.91%
2015	5.86%	5.58%
2016	5.53%	5.25%
2017	5.43%	4.98%
2018	5.1%	4.74%
2019	5.16%	4.53%
2020	4.98%	4.35%
2021	4.76%	4.18%
2022	4.62%	4.05%
2023	4.5%	3.88%