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Fertility & birth rates in Croatia and Marshall Islands

Updated on by Georank team

Croatia has an annual birth rate of 8.3 births per 1,000 people, compared to 21.1 for the Marshall Islands. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.46 in Croatia and 2.92 in the Marshall Islands — 99.9% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by 34.8% in Croatia and by 63.9% in the Marshall Islands — in 1960, it was 2.24 and 8.08, respectively.

  • Croatia is ranked 171/196 by birth rate compared to 67/196 for the Marshall Islands.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 29.3 years in Croatia, compared to 20.7 years in the Marshall Islands.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 31 in Croatia — it's 27.1 in the Marshall Islands.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 6.57 in Croatia vs 71.8 in the Marshall Islands.
  • In Croatia, 20.4% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 23.8% in the Marshall Islands.

Fertility rate in Croatia vs Marshall Islands by year

Croatia
Marshall Islands
1x
Year Fertility rate
Croatia Marshall Islands
2023 1.46 2.92
2022 1.53 2.94
2021 1.62 2.96
2020 1.48 2.99
2019 1.47 3.01
2018 1.47 3.04
2017 1.42 3.06
2016 1.43 3.09
2015 1.41 3.13
2014 1.46 3.18
2013 1.46 3.25
2012 1.52 3.38
2011 1.41 3.53
2010 1.46 3.67
2009 1.5 3.83
2008 1.47 3.97
2007 1.48 4.09
2006 1.47 4.2
2005 1.5 4.28
2004 1.43 4.34
2003 1.41 4.42
2002 1.42 4.49
2001 1.46 4.58
2000 1.39 4.7
1999 1.38 4.78
1998 1.45 4.87
1997 1.69 4.96
1996 1.67 5.02
1995 1.58 5.09
1994 1.47 5.23
1993 1.52 5.38
1992 1.48 5.55
1991 1.53 5.76
1990 1.63 5.97
1989 1.63 6.18
1988 1.79 6.38
1987 1.64 6.57
1986 1.76 6.73
1985 1.82 6.87
1984 1.87 6.99
1983 1.88 7.08
1982 1.9 7.18
1981 1.93 7.27
1980 1.93 7.37
1979 1.95 7.47
1978 1.96 7.58
1977 1.95 7.67
1976 1.94 7.76
1975 1.95 7.83
1974 1.98 7.9
1973 2.01 7.95
1972 2.01 8
1971 1.97 8.04
1970 1.88 8.07
1969 1.95 8.11
1968 2.03 8.14
1967 2.1 8.17
1966 2.23 8.2
1965 2.22 8.16
1964 2.14 8.14
1963 2.15 8.12
1962 2.19 8.12
1961 2.22 8.12
1960 2.24 8.08

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/croatia/marshall-islands | CC BY

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Croatia was 1.46 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.92 in the Marshall Islands in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Croatia vs the Marshall Islands population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Croatia
Marshall Islands
1x
Year Natural population change
Croatia Marshall Islands
2023 -19,298 550
2022 -23,134 606
2021 -26,377 653
2020 -20,354 689
2019 -15,008 746
2018 -15,557 785
2017 -16,570 826
2016 -13,553 866
2015 -16,607 912
2014 -11,345 959
2013 -10,162 1,014
2012 -9,799 1,097
2011 -9,846 1,185
2010 -8,591 1,273
2009 -7,319 1,365
2008 -8,188 1,443
2007 -10,335 1,507
2006 -8,669 1,556
2005 -9,022 1,586
2004 -9,040 1,595
2003 -12,480 1,600
2002 -10,325 1,594
2001 -8,599 1,596
2000 -6,255 1,592
1999 -6,769 1,590
1998 -4,985 1,576
1997 3,175 1,564
1996 3,190 1,542
1995 0 1,522
1994 -930 1,524
1993 -2,301 1,524
1992 -4,576 1,525
1991 -2,813 1,540
1990 3,344 1,556
1989 3,337 1,574
1988 5,707 1,575
1987 6,161 1,566
1986 8,499 1,544
1985 10,343 1,511
1984 10,764 1,470
1983 10,714 1,422
1982 15,756 1,375
1981 15,680 1,328
1980 17,939 1,287
1979 21,136 1,250
1978 20,157 1,207
1977 22,798 1,160
1976 22,226 1,109
1975 21,658 1,055
1974 22,453 1,000
1973 21,904 954
1972 17,802 913
1971 19,941 877
1970 16,767 819
1969 16,688 747
1968 21,828 685
1967 26,032 636
1966 33,192 603
1965 31,251 566
1964 25,942 536
1963 31,270 509
1962 30,216 488
1961 36,255 469
1960 34,778 452

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/croatia/marshall-islands | CC BY

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.5% in Croatia and +1.42% in the Marshall Islands.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.45% in Croatia and +1.69% in the Marshall Islands.

Birth rate in Croatia vs Marshall Islands by year

Croatia
Marshall Islands

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x
Year Annual births per 1,000 people
Croatia Marshall Islands
2023 8.3 21.1
2022 8.8 22
2021 9.4 23.2
2020 8.9 23.4
2019 8.9 23.7
2018 9 24.1
2017 8.9 24.4
2016 9 24.7
2015 8.9 25.2
2014 9.3 25.7
2013 9.4 26.4
2012 9.8 27.7
2011 9.6 29.2
2010 9.8 30.9
2009 10.1 32.8
2008 9.9 34.3
2007 9.4 35.6
2006 9.33 36.6
2005 9.56 37.2
2004 9.1 37.4
2003 8.9 37.6
2002 9 37.6
2001 9.2 37.8
2000 9.8 38.2
1999 10 38.3
1998 10.4 38.4
1997 12.2 38.6
1996 11.8 38.5
1995 10.9 38.5
1994 10.4 39
1993 10.6 39.6
1992 10.3 40.2
1991 11.1 41.2
1990 11.6 42.4
1989 11.7 43.8
1988 12.3 45
1987 12.5 46.2
1986 12.8 47.3
1985 13.3 48.2
1984 13.9 48.9
1983 14.1 49.5
1982 14.4 50
1981 14.6 50.5
1980 14.8 51.1
1979 15.1 51.6
1978 15 51.7
1977 14.9 51.6
1976 14.8 51.4
1975 14.9 50.9
1974 15 50.3
1973 15.1 49.7
1972 14.8 48.9
1971 14.6 48.5
1970 13.8 47.7
1969 14.5 47.2
1968 15 47.4
1967 15.5 47.7
1966 16.5 47.5
1965 16.6 46.6
1964 16.2 46.2
1963 16.5 46
1962 17.2 46.2
1961 17.8 46.5
1960 18.4 46.9

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/croatia/marshall-islands | CC BY

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.3 in Croatia and 21.1 in the Marshall Islands, compared with 18.4 and 46.9, respectively, in 1960.

Birth rate data compared

Croatia Marshall Islands
Fertility rate 1.46 2.92
Fertility rate rank 153/196 58/196
Birth rate 8.3 21.1
Birth rate rank 171/196 67/196
Population change due to births and deaths -19,298 +550
Natural population change rank 177/196 143/196
Natural population change rate -0.5% +1.42%
Population growth +0.17% -3.29%
Population growth rank 157/197 197/197
Age at first childbirth 29.3 years 20.7 years
Average age at childbearing 31 years 27.1 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 5.75 70.3
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 59.4 165.6
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 12.7 18.7
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 20.4% 23.8%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 n/a 42.4%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.9% 92.4%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.003% 0.16%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.28% 1.3%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.39% 2.35%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age 0.46% 2.82%
Life expectancy 79.1 years 67.3 years

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Croatia
Factual

UN forecast
Marshall Islands
Factual

UN forecast
1x
Year Young
Croatia Marshall Islands
2100 11.6% 16.6%
2099 11.6% 16.6%
2098 11.7% 16.6%
2097 11.7% 16.7%
2096 11.7% 16.7%
2095 11.8% 16.8%
2094 11.8% 16.9%
2093 11.8% 17%
2092 11.9% 17.1%
2091 11.9% 17.3%
2090 12% 17.5%
2089 12% 17.7%
2088 12% 17.9%
2087 12.1% 18.2%
2086 12.1% 18.4%
2085 12.1% 18.7%
2084 12.1% 19%
2083 12.1% 19.3%
2082 12.1% 19.5%
2081 12.1% 19.8%
2080 12.1% 20%
2079 12.1% 20.2%
2078 12.1% 20.4%
2077 12% 20.6%
2076 12% 20.8%
2075 12% 20.9%
2074 12% 21%
2073 11.9% 21.1%
2072 11.9% 21.2%
2071 11.9% 21.3%
2070 11.9% 21.3%
2069 11.9% 21.4%
2068 11.9% 21.5%
2067 11.9% 21.7%
2066 12% 21.8%
2065 12% 22%
2064 12% 22.3%
2063 12.1% 22.6%
2062 12.1% 22.9%
2061 12.2% 23.3%
2060 12.3% 23.8%
2059 12.3% 24.3%
2058 12.4% 24.8%
2057 12.5% 25.4%
2056 12.5% 26%
2055 12.6% 26.5%
2054 12.6% 27.1%
2053 12.7% 27.6%
2052 12.7% 28%
2051 12.7% 28.4%
2050 12.8% 28.7%
2049 12.8% 28.9%
2048 12.8% 29%
2047 12.8% 29.1%
2046 12.7% 29%
2045 12.7% 28.9%
2044 12.7% 28.7%
2043 12.7% 28.4%
2042 12.6% 28.2%
2041 12.6% 27.8%
2040 12.6% 27.5%
2039 12.6% 27.3%
2038 12.6% 27.3%
2037 12.6% 27.4%
2036 12.7% 27.8%
2035 12.7% 28.4%
2034 12.8% 28.9%
2033 12.8% 29.5%
2032 12.9% 30%
2031 12.9% 30.6%
2030 13% 31.2%
2029 13.1% 31.7%
2028 13.2% 32.3%
2027 13.4% 32.9%
2026 13.6% 33.6%
2025 13.8% 34.2%
2024 13.9% 34.5%
2023 14.1% 34.7%
2022 14.3% 34.6%
2021 14.4% 34.4%
2020 14.5% 34.5%
2019 14.5% 35.1%
2018 14.6% 35.7%
2017 14.6% 36.2%
2016 14.6% 36.8%
2015 14.6% 37.5%
2014 14.7% 38.2%
2013 14.8% 38.8%
2012 15% 39.4%
2011 15.1% 39.7%
2010 15.3% 39.7%
2009 15.4% 39.4%
2008 15.4% 39.2%
2007 15.5% 39%
2006 15.7% 38.9%
2005 15.8% 39.1%
2004 16% 39.4%
2003 16.3% 39.9%
2002 16.5% 40.6%
2001 16.7% 41.3%
2000 16.9% 42%
1999 17.1% 42.8%
1998 17.3% 43.7%
1997 17.5% 44.7%
1996 17.7% 45.6%
1995 18% 46.6%
1994 18.4% 47.5%
1993 18.8% 48.4%
1992 19.2% 49.1%
1991 19.5% 49.7%
1990 19.8% 50.2%
1989 20.1% 50.6%
1988 20.3% 50.8%
1987 20.5% 50.8%
1986 20.7% 50.7%
1985 20.8% 50.6%
1984 20.9% 50.4%
1983 20.9% 50.4%
1982 21% 50.3%
1981 21% 50.3%
1980 21.1% 50.1%
1979 21.2% 49.8%
1978 21.3% 49.4%
1977 21.4% 49%
1976 21.6% 48.5%
1975 21.8% 48.2%
1974 22% 47.8%
1973 22.2% 47.3%
1972 22.4% 46.6%
1971 22.8% 45.6%
1970 23.2% 45%
1969 23.7% 45.3%
1968 24.3% 46.1%
1967 24.8% 46.7%
1966 25.2% 47.2%
1965 25.7% 47.5%
1964 26.1% 47.5%
1963 26.5% 47.4%
1962 26.8% 47.1%
1961 26.9% 46.7%
1960 27% 46.1%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/croatia/marshall-islands | CC BY

Children aged 0-14 make up 13.9% of the population in Croatia and 34.5% in the Marshall Islands in 2024, compared to 19.8% and 50.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Croatia and the Marshall Islands compared.

Fertility rates around the globe

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/croatia/marshall-islands | CC BY

Maternal mortality chart: Croatia vs Marshall Islands

Croatia
Marshall Islands
1x
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Croatia Marshall Islands
2023 3 155
2022 6 174
2021 12 206
2020 5 178
2019 4 168
2018 3 167
2017 4 179
2016 4 183
2015 4 184
2014 4 199
2013 5 201
2012 5 207
2011 5 209
2010 6 212
2009 6 224
2008 6 226
2007 6 229
2006 6 233
2005 7 234
2004 7 238
2003 8 221
2002 7 223
2001 7 231
2000 8 251
1999 8 250
1998 8 259
1997 9 274
1996 9 292
1995 9 303
1994 9 303
1993 9 320
1992 10 322
1991 10 297
1990 10 311
1989 9 299
1988 10 276
1987 10 282
1986 10 274
1985 10 254

Data sources: World Bank | Gender (1985–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/croatia/marshall-islands | CC BY

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Croatia, compared to 155 deaths in the Marshall Islands.

Under-five mortality rates

Croatia
Marshall Islands

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x
Year Under 5 mortality rate
Croatia Marshall Islands
2023 0.46% 2.82%
2022 0.46% 2.91%
2021 0.46% 3%
2020 0.47% 3.1%
2019 0.47% 3.19%
2018 0.48% 3.29%
2017 0.48% 3.38%
2016 0.49% 3.48%
2015 0.49% 3.57%
2014 0.5% 3.66%
2013 0.51% 3.75%
2012 0.52% 3.82%
2011 0.53% 3.89%
2010 0.55% 3.94%
2009 0.57% 3.97%
2008 0.59% 4.02%
2007 0.61% 4.06%
2006 0.64% 4.1%
2005 0.67% 4.14%
2004 0.71% 4.18%
2003 0.82% 4.21%
2002 0.77% 4.24%
2001 0.8% 4.25%
2000 0.83% 4.25%
1999 0.86% 4.23%
1998 0.9% 4.19%
1997 0.93% 4.15%
1996 0.96% 4.14%
1995 1% 4.15%
1994 1.04% 4.2%
1993 1.09% 4.29%
1992 1.15% 4.43%
1991 1.39% 4.59%
1990 1.29% 4.76%
1989 1.38% 4.95%
1988 1.48% 5.13%
1987 1.59% 5.31%
1986 1.69% 5.49%
1985 1.8% 5.66%
1984 1.91% 5.83%
1983 2% 6%
1982 2.09% 6.15%
1981 2.19% 6.29%
1980 - 6.42%
1979 - 6.52%
1978 - 6.61%
1977 - 6.69%
1976 - 6.77%
1975 - 6.86%
1974 - 6.97%
1973 - 7.13%
1972 - 7.33%
1971 - 7.58%
1970 - 7.87%
1969 - 8.19%
1968 - 8.53%
1967 - 8.88%
1966 - 9.25%
1965 - 9.64%
1964 - 10.1%
1963 - 10.5%
1962 - 11%
1961 - 11.6%
1960 - 12.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/croatia/marshall-islands | CC BY

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.46% in Croatia and 2.82% in the Marshall Islands. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2017, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)

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