Skip to content

Economy of Greece vs Seychelles compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Greece has a GDP of $281B compared to $2.39B for the Seychelles, ranking 52/197 and 177/197 by economy size, respectively.

Greece has $409B in government debt (145.7% of GDP), compared to $1.23B (51.5% of GDP) in the Seychelles.

Greece vs Seychelles GDP by year

Greece
Seychelles
1x
Year GDP, current $
Greece Seychelles
2025 $280,635,521,324 $2,387,022,853
2024 $256,238,371,778 $2,228,608,684
2023 $242,946,187,738 $2,171,547,935
2022 $217,990,189,601 $1,999,888,599
2021 $218,303,801,895 $1,487,173,795
2020 $191,362,985,555 $1,382,551,752
2019 $207,305,649,887 $1,868,690,097
2018 $213,298,873,494 $1,784,313,927
2017 $200,381,103,984 $1,675,370,641
2016 $193,097,239,006 $1,568,513,348
2015 $194,567,373,678 $1,432,403,352
2014 $233,911,581,521 $1,387,577,870
2013 $236,556,279,641 $1,333,160,407
2012 $238,841,140,018 $1,089,407,839
2011 $283,228,079,776 $1,058,918,707
2010 $296,417,644,404 $981,616,542
2009 $326,829,054,686 $850,901,620
2008 $351,121,399,546 $979,597,394
2007 $314,226,996,944 $1,077,308,814
2006 $269,073,415,334 $1,081,441,283
2005 $242,315,668,619 $977,899,382
2004 $234,979,615,898 $893,012,218
2003 $196,930,509,813 $750,847,230
2002 $150,253,800,086 $742,134,838
2001 $132,050,474,720 $662,064,156
2000 $125,760,166,225 $654,212,394
1999 $137,131,371,955 $662,838,615
1998 $139,612,812,176 $647,287,376
1997 $138,766,067,640 $598,966,982
1996 $142,502,984,145 $535,250,347
1995 $134,974,613,914 $540,733,048
1994 $114,980,063,202 $517,570,058
1993 $107,295,704,518 $504,230,621
1992 $114,608,178,405 $461,409,399
1991 $103,680,863,713 $398,307,170
1990 $96,529,587,274 $392,163,561
1989 $78,067,933,277 $324,333,367
1988 $75,200,610,137 $301,985,618
1987 $64,739,630,096 $265,212,957
1986 $55,595,445,472 $221,147,061
1985 $47,155,741,426 $179,691,483
1984 $47,352,146,312 $160,992,921
1983 $48,741,397,059 $156,098,237
1982 $53,858,346,939 $157,211,790
1981 $51,618,456,335 $163,750,728
1980 $56,039,256,595 $156,783,830
1979 $53,724,121,435 $127,261,099
1978 $43,654,480,519 $85,552,366
1977 $35,673,080,481 $64,526,401
1976 $30,719,552,239 $49,278,982
1975 $28,129,128,587 $47,803,146
1974 $24,998,715,909 $43,134,496
1973 $22,037,019,563 $36,896,280
1972 $16,650,659,091 $30,645,123
1971 $14,388,806,818 $21,965,951
1970 $12,957,113,636 $18,432,032
1969 $11,454,106,327 $16,452,028
1968 $9,950,331,206 $16,074,028
1967 $9,146,592,856 $16,632,032
1966 $8,472,021,467 $16,443,034
1965 $7,582,209,670 $15,603,032
1964 $6,576,906,345 $15,393,032
1963 $5,813,285,627 $13,923,029
1962 $5,140,542,929 $12,642,026
1961 $4,892,397,431 $11,592,024
1960 $4,274,890,307 $12,012,025

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/seychelles | CC BY

GDP per capita in Greece vs Seychelles by year

Greece
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Seychelles
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Greece Seychelles
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $26,948 - $19,449 -
2024 $24,626 $44,327 $18,365 $33,239
2023 $23,344 $42,711 $18,131 $31,781
2022 $20,885 $39,612 $16,683 $29,973
2021 $20,653 $33,531 $14,983 $29,980
2020 $17,887 $29,533 $14,041 $31,056
2019 $19,335 $31,927 $19,142 $34,219
2018 $19,873 $29,792 $18,440 $32,091
2017 $18,632 $28,682 $17,480 $30,675
2016 $17,919 $27,505 $16,567 $28,811
2015 $17,981 $26,608 $15,333 $25,435
2014 $21,475 $26,450 $15,188 $24,985
2013 $21,573 $25,731 $14,821 $22,487
2012 $21,624 $24,583 $12,337 $22,264
2011 $25,505 $25,693 $12,110 $21,781
2010 $26,653 $27,839 $10,935 $18,982
2009 $29,425 $29,963 $9,747 $18,453
2008 $31,696 $30,441 $11,265 $18,881
2007 $28,441 $28,896 $12,669 $19,473
2006 $24,416 $28,076 $12,783 $17,503
2005 $22,054 $25,004 $11,802 $15,846
2004 $21,449 $24,826 $10,828 $14,160
2003 $18,021 $23,253 $9,070 $14,142
2002 $13,782 $21,985 $8,864 $14,570
2001 $12,157 $20,304 $8,153 $14,615
2000 $11,638 $18,820 $8,064 $14,638
1999 $12,743 $17,758 $8,243 $13,853
1998 $13,023 $17,434 $8,210 $13,675
1997 $13,016 $16,630 $7,747 $13,458
1996 $13,433 $15,778 $7,004 $11,931
1995 $12,779 $15,218 $7,181 $10,809
1994 $10,937 $14,667 $6,975 $10,692
1993 $10,257 $14,150 $6,979 $11,020
1992 $11,021 $14,130 $6,520 $10,243
1991 $10,047 $13,824 $5,655 $9,387
1990 $9,467 $13,126 $5,642 $8,955
1989 $7,738 - $4,689 -
1988 $7,492 - $4,392 -
1987 $6,474 - $3,872 -
1986 $5,578 - $3,368 -
1985 $4,747 - $2,754 -
1984 $4,785 - $2,488 -
1983 $4,950 - $2,426 -
1982 $5,502 - $2,441 -
1981 $5,305 - $2,557 -
1980 $5,812 - $2,478 -
1979 $5,627 - $2,030 -
1978 $4,629 - $1,377 -
1977 $3,832 - $1,044 -
1976 $3,343 - $814 -
1975 $3,109 - $806 -
1974 $2,789 - $745 -
1973 $2,468 - $649 -
1972 $1,873 - $547 -
1971 $1,629 - $402 -
1970 $1,474 - $344 -
1969 $1,306 - $314 -
1968 $1,138 - $314 -
1967 $1,053 - $333 -
1966 $984 - $338 -
1965 $887 - $328 -
1964 $773 - $332 -
1963 $686 - $308 -
1962 $608 - $287 -
1961 $583 - $270.3 -
1960 $513 - $288.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/seychelles | CC BY

Greece's GDP per capita is $26,948, ranking 50/197, compared to $19,449 in the Seychelles, ranking 64/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Greece ranks 52nd at $44,327, while the Seychelles ranks 67th at $33,239.

Economic indicators

Greece Seychelles
Gross domestic product
$281B
2025
$2.39B
2025
GDP rank
52/197
2025
177/197
2025
GDP growth
2.07%
2024-2025
5.8%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$26,948
2025
$19,449
2025
GDP per capita rank
50/197
2025
64/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$44,327
2024
$33,239
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
52/197
2024
67/197
2024
Government debt
$409B
2025
$1.23B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
145.7%
2025
51.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$39,257
2025
$10,019
2025
Government debt per person rank
19/185
2025
59/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$14,117
2026
$11,537
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$129B
2025
$646M
2025
Number of millionaires
82,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
16
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
26%
2023
23.9%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2023
2.6%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.7%
2025
32.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.48%
2024-2025
0.3%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
8.84%
2025
2.59%
2024
Population
10371575
125859

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Greece
Spending

Debt
Seychelles
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Greece Seychelles
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 49.7% 145.7% 32.7% 51.5%
2024 48.2% 155.4% 33% 56.1%
2023 49.6% 165.5% 33.1% 55.1%
2022 53.1% 179.2% 31.6% 60.6%
2021 56.7% 197.8% 38.8% 71%
2020 59.3% 209.9% 46.7% 77.4%
2019 47.6% 183.7% 31.7% 48.9%
2018 48.6% 189.6% 33% 51.3%
2017 48.5% 182.6% 34.3% 56.7%
2016 50.3% 183.7% 34.5% 64.3%
2015 51.9% 180% 31.5% 75.4%
2014 51.5% 182.8% 33.4% 70.4%
2013 53% 180.5% 37.8% 68.2%
2012 54.9% 164.3% 38.6% 80.1%
2011 55.1% 175.1% 36.4% 82.5%
2010 53.1% 147.8% 34.6% 82.2%
2009 54.8% 128.5% 32.1% 106.1%
2008 51.5% 110.9% 27% 192.1%
2007 47.8% 104.6% 41.9% 144%
2006 45.9% 105.3% 43.6% 135.1%
2005 46.6% 109.9% 39% 144.1%
2004 48.8% 105.5% 39.9% 163.2%
2003 47.9% 104.3% 44.6% 177%
2002 47.1% 107.9% 56.3% 195.9%
2001 47.5% 110.5% 46.8% 199.8%
2000 48.2% 108.9% 55.4% 177.8%
1999 48% 102.8% 56.1% 159.8%
1998 46.7% 100.8% 60.7% 161.2%
1997 45.1% 102.6% 54.7% 143%
1996 46.1% 103.7% 59.1% 146.7%
1995 46.6% 100.4% 53.1% 133.5%
1994 36.9% 99.7% 63.6% 123.5%
1993 38.6% 101.7% 60.4% 82.2%
1992 36.9% 81.1% 50.7% 79.9%
1991 35.2% 75.7% 52.1% 89.2%
1990 38.5% 74.2% 46.1% 80.4%
1989 34.8% 60.7% 51.7% 39.9%
1988 33.8% 57.9% 46.7% 41.3%
1987 34% 53.2% 49.7% 37%
1986 33.8% 47.8% 58% 31.5%
1985 34.2% 47.3% 53% 26.5%
1984 32% 40.6% 50.5% 15.3%
1983 30.2% 34.1% 47.9% 12.4%
1982 28.7% 29.7% - -
1981 28.1% 27.1% - -
1980 24.5% 22.8% - -
1979 24.1% 22.7% - -
1978 30.1% 32.3% - -
1977 30.1% 24.5% - -
1976 29.1% 23.7% - -
1975 28.7% 24.1% - -
1974 25.3% 22.5% - -
1973 24.3% 22% - -
1972 26.8% 26.5% - -
1971 25.8% 25% - -
1970 25.2% 24.7% - -
1969 29.7% 25.8% - -
1968 26.3% 23% - -
1967 24.6% 21.1% - -
1966 22.8% 19% - -
1965 21.7% 16.5% - -
1964 20.4% 21.3% - -
1963 19.5% 22.6% - -
1962 19.7% 16.6% - -
1961 19.3% 14.4% - -
1960 20% 13.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/seychelles | CC BY

In 2025, Greece's government spending was $139B, accounting for 49.7% of its GDP, while the Seychelles spent $781M, or 32.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 145.7% in Greece and 51.5% in the Seychelles, ranking 7/185 and 102/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Greece

Seychelles
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Greece Seychelles
2025 1.26% -0.99%
2024 1.23% -0.68%
2023 -1.44% -1.15%
2022 -2.57% -0.77%
2021 -7.76% -5.76%
2020 -10.4% -15.7%
2019 -0.09% 0.42%
2018 0.78% -0.8%
2017 1.05% -1.67%
2016 0.28% 0.02%
2015 -3.03% 1.39%
2014 -4.29% 2.87%
2013 -4.06% 0.33%
2012 -6.94% 2.93%
2011 -10.5% 3.36%
2010 -11.4% 0.52%
2009 -15.4% 4.84%
2008 -10.3% 7.88%
2007 -6.81% -9.93%
2006 -6.04% -2.54%
2005 -6.33% 0.42%
2004 -9.05% 0.44%
2003 -8.05% 3.4%
2002 -6.2% -16.3%
2001 -5.64% -8.93%
2000 -4.21% -14.7%
1999 -6.02% -10.3%
1998 -6.48% -16.7%
1997 -6.25% -5.91%
1996 -8.35% -9.69%
1995 -9.87% -2.58%
1994 -8.48% -6.95%
1993 -11.5% -3.62%
1992 -10.6% 6.44%
1991 -9.63% 3.15%
1990 -13.3% 11.9%
1989 -11.9% 8.26%
1988 -9.63% 11.8%
1987 -8.09% 2.77%
1986 -8.62% -10.1%
1985 -9.56% -4.86%
1984 -7.19% -6.09%
1983 -6.17% -3.13%
1982 -5.49% -
1981 -7.08% -
1980 -2.5% -
1979 -2.34% -
1978 -5.39% -
1977 -5.21% -
1976 -5.05% -
1975 -5.3% -
1974 -4.39% -
1973 -3.71% -
1972 -4.16% -
1971 -3.32% -
1970 -3.24% -
1969 -6.65% -
1968 -3.39% -
1967 -2.59% -
1966 -2.17% -
1965 -2.55% -
1964 -2.89% -
1963 -2.25% -
1962 -2.4% -
1961 -2.69% -
1960 -3.3% -
1959 -2.77% -
1958 -2.27% -
1957 -2.45% -
1956 -0.39% -
1955 -3.57% -
1954 -2.87% -
1953 -3.01% -
1952 -7.21% -
1951 -11.5% -
1950 -12.7% -
1949 -10.4% -
1948 -7.65% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 0.48% -
1938 1.78% -
1937 1.06% -
1936 0.95% -
1935 0.72% -
1934 0.88% -
1933 -2.79% -
1932 -1.78% -
1931 -4% -
1930 -2.23% -
1929 -18.7% -
1928 -0.27% -
1927 2.65% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -8.96% -
1912 -7.43% -
1911 -4.61% -
1910 -1.53% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.54% -
1907 -1.23% -
1906 0.66% -
1905 0.91% -
1904 -0.04% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.67% -
1901 0.1% -
1900 0.41% -
1899 0.86% -
1898 -34.5% -
1897 -8.46% -
1896 0.82% -
1895 0.37% -
1894 2.91% -
1893 0.14% -
1892 -2.28% -
1891 -6.48% -
1890 -11.2% -
1889 -15.7% -
1888 -3.59% -
1887 -4.88% -
1886 -11.5% -
1885 -12.1% -
1884 -7.16% -
1883 -2.42% -
1882 -1.69% -
1881 -14.5% -
1880 -13.5% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/seychelles | CC BY

In 2025, Greece's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.53B, equivalent to 1.26% of GDP. This compares to the Seychelles' deficit of $23.5M, or 0.99% of GDP.

Over the past 43 years, Greece recorded a fiscal deficit in 38 of those years, while the Seychelles ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Greece posted an annual deficit equal to 6.69% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.01% of GDP for the Seychelles.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Greece

Seychelles
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Greece Seychelles
2025 2.48% 0.3%
2024 2.74% 0.31%
2023 3.46% -1.04%
2022 9.65% 2.63%
2021 1.22% 9.77%
2020 -1.25% 1.2%
2019 0.25% 1.81%
2018 0.63% 3.7%
2017 1.12% 2.86%
2016 -0.83% -1.02%
2015 -1.74% 4.04%
2014 -1.31% 1.39%
2013 -0.92% 4.34%
2012 1.5% 7.11%
2011 3.33% 2.56%
2010 4.71% -2.4%
2009 1.21% 31.8%
2008 4.15% 37%
2007 2.9% 5.32%
2006 3.2% -0.35%
2005 3.55% 0.91%
2004 2.9% 3.86%
2003 3.53% 3.3%
2002 3.63% 0.18%
2001 3.37% 5.97%
2000 3.15% 6.27%
1999 2.64% 6.35%
1998 4.77% 2.58%
1997 5.54% 0.62%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/seychelles | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Greece has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 4.87% in the Seychelles. In 2025, inflation was 2.48% in Greece and 0.3% in the Seychelles.

Top exports between countries

Greece
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $779K
Animal & marine products $291K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $240K
Textiles & consumer goods $206K
Chemicals & pharma $85K
Metals $39K
Precious metals & jewellery $32K
Raw materials & minerals $7K
Raw agricultural goods $3K
Wood & paper products $3K
Seychelles
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.26M
Machinery & equipment $1.25M
Textiles & consumer goods $1K

Balance of trade

Greece Seychelles
Current account balance
-$18.2B
2024
-$166M
2024
Current account balance ranking
183/190
2024
90/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.11%
2024
-7.46%
2024
Goods imports
$91.2B
2024
$1.38B
2024
Goods exports
$52.6B
2024
$595M
2024
Service imports
$31.1B
2024
$1B
2024
Service exports
$55.8B
2024
$1.71B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
44%
2025
92.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
39.5%
2025
79.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Greece Seychelles
Economic freedom 63.2 66.5
Economic freedom ranking 82/197 60/197
Property rights 78 82.6
Government integrity 54.8 71.7
Judicial effectiveness 68 61.7
Tax burden 59.9 77.3
Government spending 24.7 68
Fiscal health 78.9 92.2
Business freedom 77.8 71.3
Labor freedom 59.7 52
Monetary freedom 72.6 79.8
Trade freedom 79.4 81.2
Investment freedom 55 30
Financial freedom 50 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Greece
Seychelles
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Greece Seychelles
2026 63.2 66.5
2025 60.6 66.4
2024 55.1 60.4
2023 56.9 59.5
2022 61.5 61.1
2021 60.9 66.3
2020 59.9 64.3
2019 57.7 61.4
2018 57.3 61.6
2017 55 61.8
2016 53.2 62.2
2015 54 57.5
2014 55.7 56.2
2013 55.4 54.9
2012 55.4 53
2011 60.3 51.2
2010 62.7 47.9
2009 60.8 47.8
2008 60.6 -
2007 58.7 -
2006 60.1 -
2005 59 -
2004 59.1 -
2003 58.8 -
2002 59.1 -
2001 63.4 -
2000 61 -
1999 61 -
1998 60.6 -
1997 59.6 -
1996 60.5 -
1995 61.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/seychelles | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Greece is 63.2, ranking 82/197, compared to 66.5 for the Seychelles, ranking 60/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Greece Seychelles
Services, % of GDP
67.4%
2025
67.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
15.2%
2025
14.3%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.57%
2025
2.61%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$264B
2025
$2.36B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$44,310
2025
$34,930
2025
Total reserves including gold
$24B
2025
$774M
2024
Total reserves ranking
63/177
2025
146/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
-$268M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$6.74B
2024
$226M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.22B
2024
-$41.4M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.8%
2021
25.3%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.2%
2025
18.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/seychelles | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.