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Economy of Belgium vs Seychelles compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $2.17B for the Seychelles, ranking 23/197 and 178/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $1.25B (57.6% of GDP) in the Seychelles.

Belgium vs Seychelles GDP by year

Belgium
Seychelles
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Seychelles
2024 $671,370,081,636 $2,167,239,562
2023 $651,330,595,110 $2,187,379,755
2022 $591,085,783,326 $2,018,346,589
2021 $598,522,422,242 $1,487,173,795
2020 $529,694,473,502 $1,382,551,752
2019 $536,726,344,405 $1,868,690,097
2018 $542,638,913,428 $1,784,313,927
2017 $500,908,767,352 $1,675,370,641
2016 $474,271,566,740 $1,568,513,348
2015 $461,044,767,545 $1,432,403,352
2014 $537,987,419,164 $1,387,577,870
2013 $524,097,026,599 $1,333,160,407
2012 $498,414,364,945 $1,089,407,839
2011 $527,196,649,049 $1,058,918,707
2010 $481,556,503,720 $981,616,542
2009 $485,014,525,992 $850,901,620
2008 $517,328,087,920 $979,597,394
2007 $470,922,156,309 $1,077,308,814
2006 $408,259,840,869 $1,081,441,283
2005 $385,714,762,230 $977,899,382
2004 $369,214,712,443 $893,012,218
2003 $318,082,528,507 $750,847,230
2002 $258,383,599,375 $742,134,838
2001 $236,746,141,604 $662,064,156
2000 $236,792,460,312 $654,212,394
1999 $258,245,733,221 $662,838,615
1998 $258,528,339,631 $647,287,376
1997 $252,708,051,421 $598,966,982
1996 $279,201,433,225 $535,250,347
1995 $288,025,588,396 $540,733,048
1994 $244,884,129,491 $517,570,058
1993 $224,721,795,709 $504,230,621
1992 $234,781,652,447 $461,409,399
1991 $210,510,999,409 $398,307,170
1990 $205,331,747,948 $392,163,561
1989 $164,221,056,511 $324,333,367
1988 $162,299,103,675 $301,985,618
1987 $149,394,404,106 $265,212,957
1986 $120,018,787,249 $221,147,061
1985 $86,268,264,148 $179,691,483
1984 $83,349,530,159 $160,992,921
1983 $87,184,239,053 $156,098,237
1982 $92,095,926,188 $157,211,790
1981 $104,730,018,470 $163,750,728
1980 $126,829,314,388 $156,783,830
1979 $116,315,456,797 $127,261,099
1978 $101,246,526,194 $85,552,366
1977 $82,839,905,459 $64,526,401
1976 $71,113,882,968 $49,278,982
1975 $65,678,189,097 $47,803,146
1974 $56,033,077,879 $43,134,496
1973 $47,743,801,490 $36,896,280
1972 $37,209,418,019 $30,645,123
1971 $29,821,661,870 $21,965,951
1970 $26,706,196,047 $18,432,032
1969 $24,019,653,475 $16,452,028
1968 $21,654,856,965 $16,074,028
1967 $20,252,508,995 $16,632,032
1966 $18,894,891,312 $16,443,034
1965 $17,597,783,297 $15,603,032
1964 $16,168,044,450 $15,393,032
1963 $14,445,805,381 $13,923,029
1962 $13,436,827,167 $12,642,026
1961 $12,561,701,694 $11,592,024
1960 $11,810,619,368 $12,012,025

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/seychelles | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Seychelles by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Seychelles
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Seychelles
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $17,859 $33,239
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $18,263 $31,781
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $16,837 $29,973
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $14,983 $29,980
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $14,041 $31,056
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $19,142 $34,219
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $18,440 $32,091
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $17,480 $30,675
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $16,567 $28,811
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $15,333 $25,435
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $15,188 $24,985
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $14,821 $22,487
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $12,337 $22,264
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $12,110 $21,781
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $10,935 $18,982
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $9,747 $18,453
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $11,265 $18,881
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $12,669 $19,473
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $12,783 $17,503
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $11,802 $15,846
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $10,828 $14,160
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $9,070 $14,142
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $8,864 $14,570
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $8,153 $14,615
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $8,064 $14,638
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $8,243 $13,853
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $8,210 $13,675
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $7,747 $13,458
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $7,004 $11,931
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $7,181 $10,809
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $6,975 $10,692
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $6,979 $11,020
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $6,520 $10,243
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $5,655 $9,387
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $5,642 $8,955
1989 $16,525 - $4,689 -
1988 $16,391 - $4,392 -
1987 $15,136 - $3,872 -
1986 $12,170 - $3,368 -
1985 $8,751 - $2,754 -
1984 $8,457 - $2,488 -
1983 $8,846 - $2,426 -
1982 $9,344 - $2,441 -
1981 $10,623 - $2,557 -
1980 $12,864 - $2,478 -
1979 $11,811 - $2,030 -
1978 $10,290 - $1,377 -
1977 $8,427 - $1,044 -
1976 $7,243 - $814 -
1975 $6,701 - $806 -
1974 $5,734 - $745 -
1973 $4,901 - $649 -
1972 $3,832 - $547 -
1971 $3,083 - $402 -
1970 $2,766 - $344 -
1969 $2,490 - $314 -
1968 $2,251 - $314 -
1967 $2,114 - $333 -
1966 $1,983 - $338 -
1965 $1,860 - $328 -
1964 $1,724 - $332 -
1963 $1,555 - $308 -
1962 $1,457 - $287 -
1961 $1,368 - $270.3 -
1960 $1,290 - $288.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/seychelles | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $17,859 in the Seychelles, ranking 63/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while the Seychelles ranks 67th at $33,239.

Economic indicators

Belgium Seychelles
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$2.17B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
178/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
3.47%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$17,859
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
63/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$33,239
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
67/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$1.25B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
57.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$10,288
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
57/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$10,944
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
$811M
2024
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
23.9%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.6%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
33.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
0.31%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
2.59%
2024
Population
11902714
126311

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Seychelles
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Seychelles
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 33.8% 57.6%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 32.9% 55.3%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 31.3% 60%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 38.8% 71%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 46.7% 77.4%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 31.7% 48.9%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 33% 51.3%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 34.3% 56.7%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 34.5% 62.8%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 31.5% 64.7%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 33.4% 70.4%
2013 55.9% 105% 37.8% 68.2%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 38.6% 80.1%
2011 55% 102.7% 36.4% 82.5%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 34.6% 82.2%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 32.1% 106.1%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 27% 192.1%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 41.9% 144%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 43.6% 135.1%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 39% 144.1%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 39.9% 163.2%
2003 51% 101.7% 44.6% 177%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 56.3% 195.9%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 46.8% 199.8%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 55.4% 177.8%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 56.1% 159.8%
1998 51% 119.2% 60.7% 161.2%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 54.7% 143%
1996 53.1% 129% 59.1% 146.7%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 53.1% 133.5%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 63.6% 123.5%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 60.4% 82.2%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 50.7% 79.9%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 52.1% 89.2%
1990 54.4% 130.3% 46.1% 80.4%
1989 52.3% 126.4% 51.7% 39.9%
1988 53.9% 129.7% 46.7% 41.3%
1987 55.8% 129.2% 49.7% 37%
1986 57.6% 124.7% 58% 31.5%
1985 58.4% 119.4% 53% 26.5%
1984 59.1% 114.6% 50.5% 15.3%
1983 62.2% 110.3% 47.9% 12.4%
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/seychelles | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while the Seychelles spent $732M, or 33.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 57.6% in the Seychelles, ranking 19/185 and 85/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Seychelles
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Seychelles
2024 -4.52% -0.69%
2023 -4.1% -1.14%
2022 -3.62% -0.76%
2021 -5.4% -5.76%
2020 -9.03% -15.7%
2019 -2.05% 0.42%
2018 -1.05% -0.8%
2017 -0.76% -1.67%
2016 -2.43% 0.02%
2015 -2.48% 1.39%
2014 -3.18% 2.87%
2013 -3.16% 0.33%
2012 -4.35% 2.93%
2011 -4.44% 3.36%
2010 -4.13% 0.52%
2009 -5.45% 4.84%
2008 -1.1% 7.88%
2007 0.07% -9.93%
2006 0.24% -2.54%
2005 -2.72% 0.42%
2004 -0.24% 0.44%
2003 -1.86% 3.4%
2002 -0.04% -16.3%
2001 0.23% -8.93%
2000 -0.08% -14.7%
1999 -0.65% -10.3%
1998 -1.03% -16.7%
1997 -2.15% -5.91%
1996 -4% -9.69%
1995 -4.51% -2.58%
1994 -5.29% -6.95%
1993 -7.71% -3.62%
1992 -8.42% 6.44%
1991 -7.67% 3.15%
1990 -6.99% 11.9%
1989 -7.58% 8.26%
1988 -7.28% 11.8%
1987 -7.89% 2.77%
1986 -9.96% -10.1%
1985 -10.1% -4.86%
1984 -10.8% -6.09%
1983 -14.5% -3.13%
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/seychelles | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to the Seychelles' deficit of $15M, or 0.69% of GDP.

Over the past 42 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 39 of those years, while the Seychelles ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 4.34% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.04% of GDP for the Seychelles.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Seychelles
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Seychelles
2024 3.14% 0.31%
2023 4.05% -1.04%
2022 9.6% 2.63%
2021 2.44% 9.77%
2020 0.74% 1.2%
2019 1.44% 1.81%
2018 2.05% 3.7%
2017 2.13% 2.86%
2016 1.97% -1.02%
2015 0.56% 4.04%
2014 0.34% 1.39%
2013 1.11% 4.34%
2012 2.84% 7.11%
2011 3.53% 2.56%
2010 2.19% -2.4%
2009 -0.05% 31.8%
2008 4.49% 37%
2007 1.82% 5.32%
2006 1.79% -0.35%
2005 2.78% 0.91%
2004 2.1% 3.86%
2003 1.59% 3.3%
2002 1.65% 0.18%
2001 2.47% 5.97%
2000 2.54% 6.27%
1999 1.12% 6.35%
1998 0.95% 2.58%
1997 1.63% 0.62%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/seychelles | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 5.03% in the Seychelles. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 0.31% in the Seychelles.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.71M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.84M
Chemicals & pharma $1.76M
Animal & marine products $1.29M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.28M
Raw agricultural goods $525K
Metals $460K
Raw materials & minerals $145K
Wood & paper products $95K
Miscellaneous $33K
Seychelles
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $383K
Chemicals & pharma $325K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $79K
Animal & marine products $9K

Balance of trade

Belgium Seychelles
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
-$176M
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
97/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
-8.11%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$1.39B
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$595M
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$1B
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$1.71B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
103.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
85.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Seychelles
Economic freedom 69.2 66.5
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 60/197
Property rights 91.1 82.6
Government integrity 78.2 71.7
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 61.7
Tax burden 50.6 77.3
Government spending 14.6 68
Fiscal health 53.4 92.2
Business freedom 82.5 71.3
Labor freedom 57.5 52
Monetary freedom 76.8 79.8
Trade freedom 79.4 81.2
Investment freedom 85 30
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Seychelles
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Seychelles
2026 69.2 66.5
2025 69 66.4
2024 65.6 60.4
2023 67.1 59.5
2022 69.6 61.1
2021 70.1 66.3
2020 68.9 64.3
2019 67.3 61.4
2018 67.5 61.6
2017 67.8 61.8
2016 68.4 62.2
2015 68.8 57.5
2014 69.9 56.2
2013 69.2 54.9
2012 69 53
2011 70.2 51.2
2010 70.1 47.9
2009 72.1 47.8
2008 71.7 -
2007 72.5 -
2006 71.8 -
2005 69 -
2004 68.7 -
2003 68.1 -
2002 67.6 -
2001 63.8 -
2000 63.5 -
1999 62.9 -
1998 64.7 -
1997 64.6 -
1996 66 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/seychelles | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 66.5 for the Seychelles, ranking 60/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Seychelles
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
65.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
12.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
2.45%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$2.12B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$32,180
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$774M
2024
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
145/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$262M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$226M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
-$35.4M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
25.3%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
17.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.