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Economy of Italy vs Myanmar compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Italy has a GDP of $2.55T compared to $81.7B for Myanmar, ranking 9/197 and 85/197 by economy size, respectively.

Italy has $3.5T in government debt (137.1% of GDP), compared to $42.4B (51.9% of GDP) in Myanmar.

Italy vs Myanmar GDP by year

Italy
Myanmar
1x
Year GDP, current $
Italy Myanmar
2025 $2,551,556,954,100 $81,665,773,810
2024 $2,383,435,562,458 $74,068,349,524
2023 $2,316,882,296,366 $66,757,619,000
2022 $2,104,067,630,319 $62,253,049,892
2021 $2,179,207,773,596 $66,345,291,160
2020 $1,907,481,094,079 $79,006,113,643
2019 $2,019,606,796,584 $75,065,106,228
2018 $2,099,435,266,459 $67,860,515,990
2017 $1,970,720,904,585 $66,053,040,483
2016 $1,887,111,188,177 $63,298,361,996
2015 $1,845,428,048,839 $59,607,290,408
2014 $2,173,255,507,986 $65,531,374,200
2013 $2,153,225,581,941 $60,269,732,855
2012 $2,097,929,495,122 $59,937,796,648
2011 $2,306,974,020,278 $59,977,326,086
2010 $2,144,936,254,535 $49,540,813,342
2009 $2,209,484,319,013 $36,906,181,381
2008 $2,417,508,414,187 $31,862,554,102
2007 $2,222,524,108,128 $20,182,477,481
2006 $1,958,563,654,386 $14,502,553,710
2005 $1,864,982,261,287 $11,986,972,419
2004 $1,812,808,753,295 $10,567,354,056
2003 $1,582,930,016,539 $10,467,109,978
2002 $1,281,746,271,196 $6,777,632,512
2001 $1,172,041,488,806 $6,477,790,688
2000 $1,149,661,363,439 $8,905,066,164
1999 $1,255,004,736,464 $8,486,832,801
1998 $1,272,729,786,997 $6,459,461,639
1997 $1,244,988,176,444 $4,722,288,496
1996 $1,314,776,508,972 $6,123,556,717
1995 $1,177,369,428,266 $5,289,174,943
1994 $1,101,750,159,702 $4,432,257,174
1993 $1,067,412,587,671 $3,163,020,035
1992 $1,323,204,350,354 $2,411,552,289
1991 $1,249,092,439,519 $2,069,832,687
1990 $1,183,945,130,899 $2,115,193,513
1989 $930,801,709,004 $2,013,448,229
1988 $893,663,934,841 $1,541,088,312
1987 $807,570,134,449 $1,562,448,077
1986 $641,862,313,287 $1,582,873,750
1985 $453,259,761,687 $1,478,908,173
1984 $438,896,930,791 $1,304,063,253
1983 $444,063,496,940 $1,381,573,615
1982 $428,257,421,618 $1,481,165,468
1981 $431,695,533,981 $1,111,000,765
1980 $478,356,755,596 $1,038,225,167
1979 $394,584,507,108 $952,265,043
1978 $315,784,469,541 $935,408,775
1977 $258,190,019,750 $873,579,932
1976 $225,235,205,862 $1,204,699,849
1975 $228,220,643,535 $1,061,107,354
1974 $200,024,444,775 $1,225,589,878
1973 $175,896,529,392 $719,754,655
1972 $145,594,833,997 $662,213,083
1971 $124,959,712,859 $587,448,405
1970 $113,656,669,765 $563,555,631
1969 $100,996,667,239 $571,854,215
1968 $91,485,448,148 $559,956,130
1967 $84,401,995,573 $420,359,036
1966 $76,622,444,787 $293,103,479
1965 $70,717,012,186 $367,053,117
1964 $65,720,771,779 $411,419,906
1963 $60,035,924,618 $598,998,419
1962 $52,413,872,628 $634,528,872
1961 $46,649,487,320 $605,581,577
1960 $42,012,422,612 $545,098,448

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/myanmar | CC BY

GDP per capita in Italy vs Myanmar by year

Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Myanmar
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Italy Myanmar
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $43,309 - $1,489 -
2024 $40,430 $62,014 $1,359 $5,997
2023 $39,280 $60,030 $1,233 $5,953
2022 $35,654 $57,261 $1,158 $5,732
2021 $36,853 $49,825 $1,243 $5,178
2020 $32,091 $44,436 $1,490 $5,741
2019 $33,813 $46,662 $1,426 $6,101
2018 $35,062 $43,387 $1,298 $5,581
2017 $32,844 $42,142 $1,273 $4,706
2016 $31,392 $40,483 $1,229 $4,460
2015 $30,640 $37,384 $1,167 $4,459
2014 $36,028 $36,666 $1,293 $4,376
2013 $35,702 $36,459 $1,199 $4,144
2012 $34,854 $36,281 $1,203 $3,845
2011 $38,432 $36,392 $1,214 $3,579
2010 $35,857 $34,974 $1,011 $3,348
2009 $37,100 $34,502 $758 $3,040
2008 $40,829 $35,422 $658 $2,748
2007 $37,826 $34,108 $419 $2,459
2006 $33,537 $32,454 $303 $2,153
2005 $32,063 $30,138 $252.7 $1,860
2004 $31,348 $29,581 $224.5 $1,601
2003 $27,578 $29,249 $224.3 $1,385
2002 $22,451 $28,833 $146.6 $1,204
2001 $20,570 $28,134 $141.5 $1,069
2000 $20,190 $27,152 $196.6 $949
1999 $22,050 $25,655 $189.5 $825
1998 $22,365 $25,075 $146 $742
1997 $21,884 $23,937 $108 $702
1996 $23,123 $23,101 $141.9 $661
1995 $20,712 $22,446 $124.1 $618
1994 $19,382 $21,369 $105.4 $573
1993 $18,782 $20,485 $76.2 $529
1992 $23,297 $20,196 $58.9 $494
1991 $22,007 $19,596 $51.2 $447
1990 $20,874 $18,680 $53.1 $441
1989 $16,424 - $51.3 -
1988 $15,781 - $39.9 -
1987 $14,268 - $41.1 -
1986 $11,341 - $42.4 -
1985 $8,009 - $40.4 -
1984 $7,758 - $36.3 -
1983 $7,851 - $39.3 -
1982 $7,574 - $43 -
1981 $7,640 - $32.8 -
1980 $8,476 - $31.2 -
1979 $7,006 - $29.2 -
1978 $5,623 - $29.3 -
1977 $4,614 - $27.9 -
1976 $4,042 - $39.2 -
1975 $4,116 - $35.2 -
1974 $3,629 - $41.4 -
1973 $3,213 - $24.8 -
1972 $2,677 - $23.3 -
1971 $2,311 - $21.1 -
1970 $2,112 - $20.7 -
1969 $1,886 - $21.5 -
1968 $1,718 - $21.5 -
1967 $1,595 - $16.5 -
1966 $1,459 - $11.8 -
1965 $1,357 - $15.1 -
1964 $1,272 - $17.3 -
1963 $1,171 - $25.8 -
1962 $1,030 - $27.9 -
1961 $923 - $27.3 -
1960 $837 - $25.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/myanmar | CC BY

Italy's GDP per capita is $43,309, ranking 29/197, compared to $1,489 in Myanmar, ranking 166/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Italy ranks 31st at $62,014, while Myanmar ranks 153rd at $5,997.

Economic indicators

Italy Myanmar
Gross domestic product
$2.55T
2025
$81.7B
2025
GDP rank
9/197
2025
85/197
2025
GDP growth
0.54%
2024-2025
-2.01%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$43,309
2025
$1,489
2025
GDP per capita rank
29/197
2025
166/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,014
2024
$5,997
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
31/197
2024
153/197
2024
Government debt
$3.5T
2025
$42.4B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
137.1%
2025
51.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$59,371
2025
$773
2025
Government debt per person rank
6/185
2025
152/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,424
2026
$2,165
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$587B
2014
n/a
Number of millionaires
1,235,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
89
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2023
25.5%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2023
3.8%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
51.1%
2025
25.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.53%
2024-2025
8.83%
2018-2019
Unemployment rate
6.1%
2025
1.48%
2020
Population
58708169
55361818

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Italy
Spending

Debt
Myanmar
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Italy Myanmar
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 51.1% 137.1% 25.2% 51.9%
2024 50.4% 134.7% 25.8% 50.6%
2023 53.6% 133.9% 21.4% 53.2%
2022 54.9% 138.4% 21.3% 56%
2021 56% 145.8% 20.9% 63.4%
2020 56.8% 154.4% 21.3% 49.1%
2019 48.4% 133.9% 20.5% 37.6%
2018 48.3% 134.2% 18.7% 39.9%
2017 48.8% 133.7% 19.7% 41.9%
2016 49% 134.2% 21.3% 35.7%
2015 50.2% 134.8% 23.7% 36.6%
2014 50.7% 134.8% 24.7% 34.5%
2013 50.9% 131.9% 23.9% 44.8%
2012 50.5% 125.9% 20% 48%
2011 49% 119.1% 15.6% 49.9%
2010 49.8% 118.8% 15.8% 54.4%
2009 51.1% 116.1% 14.4% 56.4%
2008 47.8% 105.8% 14.4% 59.8%
2007 46.6% 103.5% 15.7% 77.4%
2006 47.6% 106.3% 15.6% 103.1%
2005 47.1% 106.2% 14.6% 119%
2004 46.7% 104.7% 14.6% 126.6%
2003 47% 105.1% 14.3% 146%
2002 46.5% 105.9% 15.3% 190.6%
2001 47.1% 108.5% 19.1% 262%
2000 46.4% 108.7% 21.4% 164.5%
1999 47.1% 113.1% 22.8% 150.7%
1998 48% 113.9% 25.2% 208.6%
1997 49.3% 116.5% - -
1996 51.3% 118.9% - -
1995 51.4% 119.1% - -
1994 55.1% 130.8% - -
1993 57.8% 124.1% - -
1992 56.8% 113% - -
1991 55.3% 105.3% - -
1990 54.2% 101.7% - -
1989 51.6% 91.8% - -
1988 50.4% 89.2% - -
1987 49.8% 87.4% - -
1986 50.5% 83.4% - -
1985 49.8% 79.1% - -
1984 49.1% 73.1% - -
1983 48.9% 67.8% - -
1982 46.7% 61.8% - -
1981 44.6% 57.3% - -
1980 40.8% 55.1% - -
1979 40.1% 58.9% - -
1978 40.9% 59.9% - -
1977 38.5% 56% - -
1976 38.1% 57.3% - -
1975 39.1% 57.9% - -
1974 34.8% 50.8% - -
1973 35.3% 51.1% - -
1972 36.4% 48.2% - -
1971 34.4% 42.4% - -
1970 32.3% 37.8% - -
1969 32.1% 37% - -
1968 32.6% 36.4% - -
1967 17.9% 33.3% - -
1966 19.1% 33.4% - -
1965 18.6% 28.4% - -
1964 18.2% 27.2% - -
1963 16.7% 27.2% - -
1962 17.5% 29% - -
1961 17.3% 30% - -
1960 16.5% 31.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/myanmar | CC BY

In 2025, Italy's government spending was $1.3T, accounting for 51.1% of its GDP, while Myanmar spent $20.6B, or 25.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 137.1% in Italy and 51.9% in Myanmar, ranking 9/185 and 101/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Italy

Myanmar
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Italy Myanmar
2025 -3.11% -4.94%
2024 -3.35% -4.11%
2023 -7.13% -2.76%
2022 -8.1% -2.75%
2021 -8.88% -2.22%
2020 -9.38% -6.5%
2019 -1.45% -4.7%
2018 -2.19% -2.77%
2017 -2.51% -3.42%
2016 -2.4% -2.53%
2015 -2.46% -4.33%
2014 -2.82% -1.06%
2013 -2.87% -1.53%
2012 -2.99% -2.7%
2011 -3.52% -4.82%
2010 -4.16% -5.4%
2009 -5.06% -3.55%
2008 -2.58% -2.73%
2007 -1.33% -3.52%
2006 -3.61% -3.42%
2005 -4.1% -3.49%
2004 -3.46% -4.62%
2003 -3.23% -4.24%
2002 -2.88% -4.01%
2001 -3.18% -6.34%
2000 -2.42% -6.03%
1999 -1.77% -4.46%
1998 -2.99% -4.89%
1997 -2.98% -
1996 -6.61% -
1995 -7.2% -
1994 -8.84% -
1993 -9.76% -
1992 -10.1% -
1991 -11.1% -
1990 -11.1% -
1989 -11.4% -
1988 -11% -
1987 -11.5% -
1986 -12% -
1985 -12.4% -
1984 -11.5% -
1983 -10.1% -
1982 -10% -
1981 -10.9% -
1980 -6.97% -
1979 -8.23% -
1978 -8.47% -
1977 -6.96% -
1976 -7.88% -
1975 -10.3% -
1974 -6.24% -
1973 -6.36% -
1972 -6.84% -
1971 -4.71% -
1970 -3.22% -
1969 -2.85% -
1968 -2.55% -
1967 -0.97% -
1966 -1.59% -
1965 -2.67% -
1964 -2.35% -
1963 -0.3% -
1962 -0.95% -
1961 -0.57% -
1960 -0.28% -
1959 -1% -
1958 -0.98% -
1957 -1.09% -
1956 -1.46% -
1955 -2.03% -
1954 -1.84% -
1953 -2.33% -
1952 -4.08% -
1951 -3.86% -
1950 -2.42% -
1949 -2.82% -
1948 -4.58% -
1947 -6.62% -
1946 -9.82% -
1945 -16.9% -
1944 -35.1% -
1943 -16.1% -
1942 -26.9% -
1941 -25.1% -
1940 -24.3% -
1939 -9.49% -
1938 -5.97% -
1937 -5.78% -
1936 -7.93% -
1935 -9.83% -
1934 -2.5% -
1933 -4.85% -
1932 -3.06% -
1931 -2.14% -
1930 -0.55% -
1929 -0.59% -
1928 -2.09% -
1927 -1.71% -
1926 -0.09% -
1925 1.7% -
1924 1.19% -
1923 -3.21% -
1922 -11% -
1921 -7.77% -
1920 -5.89% -
1919 -11.2% -
1918 -22.7% -
1917 -27.6% -
1916 -28.2% -
1915 -25.8% -
1914 -12.4% -
1913 -0.86% -
1912 -1.86% -
1911 -0.63% -
1910 -0.32% -
1909 -0.69% -
1908 -1.31% -
1907 -0.51% -
1906 -0.69% -
1905 -1.57% -
1904 0.58% -
1903 0.32% -
1902 0.48% -
1901 0.36% -
1900 0.28% -
1899 -0.11% -
1898 -0.21% -
1897 0.009% -
1896 -0.43% -
1895 -0.69% -
1894 -0.23% -
1893 -0.49% -
1892 -0.25% -
1891 -1.41% -
1890 -0.32% -
1889 -1.32% -
1888 -2.11% -
1887 -1.94% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 0.2% -
1884 -1.46% -
1883 -0.51% -
1882 -0.5% -
1881 -0.04% -
1880 0.38% -
1879 0.73% -
1878 0.09% -
1877 -0.009% -
1876 -0.05% -
1875 0.58% -
1874 -0.08% -
1873 0.21% -
1872 0% -
1871 -0.13% -
1870 -0.82% -
1869 0.33% -
1868 -0.79% -
1867 -1.45% -
1866 -3.1% -
1865 -2.72% -
1864 -3.06% -
1863 -4.16% -
1862 -3.96% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/myanmar | CC BY

In 2025, Italy's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $79.4B, equivalent to 3.11% of GDP. This compares to Myanmar's deficit of $4.04B, or 4.94% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Italy recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Myanmar ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Italy posted an annual deficit equal to 3.71% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.85% of GDP for Myanmar.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Italy

Myanmar
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Italy Myanmar
2025 1.53% -
2024 0.98% -
2023 5.62% -
2022 8.2% -
2021 1.87% -
2020 -0.14% -
2019 0.61% 8.83%
2018 1.14% 6.87%
2017 1.23% 4.57%
2016 -0.09% 6.93%
2015 0.04% 9.45%
2014 0.24% 4.95%
2013 1.22% 5.64%
2012 3.04% 1.47%
2011 2.78% 5.02%
2010 1.53% 7.72%
2009 0.77% 1.47%
2008 3.35% 26.8%
2007 1.83% 35%
2006 2.09% 20%
2005 1.99% 9.37%
2004 2.21% 4.53%
2003 2.67% 36.6%
2002 2.47% 57.1%
2001 2.79% 21.1%
2000 2.54% -0.11%
1999 1.66% 18.4%
1998 1.96% 51.5%
1997 2.04% 29.7%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/myanmar | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Italy has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.74%, compared with 16.2% in Myanmar. In 2019, inflation was 1.53% in Italy and 8.83% in Myanmar.

Top exports between countries

Italy
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $19.5M
Animal & marine products $5.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.58M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.66M
Chemicals & pharma $1.9M
Precious metals & jewellery $757K
Metals $420K
Raw agricultural goods $399K
Raw materials & minerals $234K
Wood & paper products $38K
Myanmar
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $268M
Raw agricultural goods $13.4M
Animal & marine products $6.77M
Machinery & equipment $3.9M
Chemicals & pharma $2.17M
Wood & paper products $495K
Raw materials & minerals $273K
Metals $103K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $80K
Miscellaneous $7K

Balance of trade

Italy Myanmar
Current account balance
$29.3B
2025
$67.7M
2019
Current account balance ranking
19/190
2025
66/190
2019
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.15%
2025
+0.09%
2019
Goods imports
$597B
2025
$13.7B
2019
Goods exports
$655B
2025
$10.8B
2019
Service imports
$177B
2025
$3.66B
2019
Service exports
$168B
2025
$6.68B
2019
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.3%
2025
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
24.3%
2026

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Italy Myanmar
Economic freedom 63.3 44.5
Economic freedom ranking 80/197 180/197
Property rights 84.8 5.7
Government integrity 60.8 18.1
Judicial effectiveness 80.9 3.9
Tax burden 57.5 88.6
Government spending 15.3 86.6
Fiscal health 17.2 62.7
Business freedom 74.5 37.9
Labor freedom 70.6 53.2
Monetary freedom 79.1 57.5
Trade freedom 79.4 69.4
Investment freedom 80 30
Financial freedom 60 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Italy
Myanmar
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Italy Myanmar
2026 63.3 44.5
2025 60.9 43.7
2024 60.1 42.2
2023 62.3 46.5
2022 65.4 49.6
2021 64.9 55.2
2020 63.8 54
2019 62.2 53.6
2018 62.5 53.9
2017 62.5 52.5
2016 61.2 48.7
2015 61.7 46.9
2014 60.9 46.5
2013 60.6 39.2
2012 58.8 38.7
2011 60.3 37.8
2010 62.7 36.7
2009 61.4 37.7
2008 62.6 39.5
2007 62.8 41
2006 62 40
2005 64.9 40.5
2004 64.2 43.6
2003 64.3 44.9
2002 63.6 45.5
2001 63 46.1
2000 61.9 47.9
1999 61.6 46.4
1998 59.1 45.7
1997 58.1 45.4
1996 60.8 45.1
1995 61.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/myanmar | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Italy is 63.3, ranking 80/197, compared to 44.5 for Myanmar, ranking 180/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Italy Myanmar
Services, % of GDP
64.5%
2025
38.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
22.6%
2025
36.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.07%
2025
25.3%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.48T
2025
$72.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$62,870
2025
$5,890
2025
Total reserves including gold
$434B
2025
$9.34B
2023
Total reserves ranking
10/177
2025
85/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$22B
2025
-$1.74B
2019
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$28.5B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$45.9B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.31%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.1%
2021
24.8%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.2%
2025
n/a

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/myanmar | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.