Skip to content

Economy of Belgium vs Myanmar compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $74.1B for Myanmar, ranking 23/197 and 85/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $44B (59.3% of GDP) in Myanmar.

Belgium vs Myanmar GDP by year

Belgium
Myanmar
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Myanmar
2024 $671,370,081,636 $74,068,349,524
2023 $651,330,595,110 $66,757,619,000
2022 $591,085,783,326 $62,253,049,903
2021 $598,522,422,242 $66,345,291,149
2020 $529,694,473,502 $79,006,113,670
2019 $536,726,344,405 $75,065,106,243
2018 $542,638,913,428 $67,860,515,993
2017 $500,908,767,352 $66,053,040,475
2016 $474,271,566,740 $63,298,361,984
2015 $461,044,767,545 $59,607,290,408
2014 $537,987,419,164 $65,531,374,210
2013 $524,097,026,599 $60,269,732,855
2012 $498,414,364,945 $59,937,796,648
2011 $527,196,649,049 $59,977,326,086
2010 $481,556,503,720 $49,540,813,342
2009 $485,014,525,992 $36,906,181,381
2008 $517,328,087,920 $31,862,554,102
2007 $470,922,156,309 $20,182,477,481
2006 $408,259,840,869 $14,502,553,710
2005 $385,714,762,230 $11,986,972,419
2004 $369,214,712,443 $10,567,354,056
2003 $318,082,528,507 $10,467,109,978
2002 $258,383,599,375 $6,777,632,512
2001 $236,746,141,604 $6,477,790,688
2000 $236,792,460,312 $8,905,066,164
1999 $258,245,733,221 $8,486,832,801
1998 $258,528,339,631 $6,459,461,639
1997 $252,708,051,421 $4,722,288,496
1996 $279,201,433,225 $6,123,556,717
1995 $288,025,588,396 $5,289,174,943
1994 $244,884,129,491 $4,432,257,174
1993 $224,721,795,709 $3,163,020,035
1992 $234,781,652,447 $2,411,552,289
1991 $210,510,999,409 $2,069,832,687
1990 $205,331,747,948 $2,115,193,513
1989 $164,221,056,511 $2,013,448,229
1988 $162,299,103,675 $1,541,088,312
1987 $149,394,404,106 $1,562,448,077
1986 $120,018,787,249 $1,582,873,750
1985 $86,268,264,148 $1,478,908,173
1984 $83,349,530,159 $1,304,063,253
1983 $87,184,239,053 $1,381,573,615
1982 $92,095,926,188 $1,481,165,468
1981 $104,730,018,470 $1,111,000,765
1980 $126,829,314,388 $1,038,225,167
1979 $116,315,456,797 $952,265,043
1978 $101,246,526,194 $935,408,775
1977 $82,839,905,459 $873,579,932
1976 $71,113,882,968 $1,204,699,849
1975 $65,678,189,097 $1,061,107,354
1974 $56,033,077,879 $1,225,589,878
1973 $47,743,801,490 $719,754,655
1972 $37,209,418,019 $662,213,083
1971 $29,821,661,870 $587,448,405
1970 $26,706,196,047 $563,555,631
1969 $24,019,653,475 $571,854,215
1968 $21,654,856,965 $559,956,130
1967 $20,252,508,995 $420,359,036
1966 $18,894,891,312 $293,103,479
1965 $17,597,783,297 $367,053,117
1964 $16,168,044,450 $411,419,906
1963 $14,445,805,381 $598,998,419
1962 $13,436,827,167 $634,528,872
1961 $12,561,701,694 $605,581,577
1960 $11,810,619,368 $545,098,448

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/myanmar | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Myanmar by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Myanmar
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Myanmar
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $1,359 $5,997
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $1,233 $5,953
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $1,158 $5,732
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $1,243 $5,178
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $1,490 $5,741
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $1,426 $6,101
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $1,298 $5,581
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $1,273 $4,706
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $1,229 $4,460
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $1,167 $4,459
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $1,293 $4,376
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $1,199 $4,144
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $1,203 $3,845
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $1,214 $3,579
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $1,011 $3,348
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $758 $3,040
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $658 $2,748
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $419 $2,459
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $303 $2,153
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $252.7 $1,860
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $224.5 $1,601
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $224.3 $1,385
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $146.6 $1,204
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $141.5 $1,069
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $196.6 $949
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $189.5 $825
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $146 $742
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $108 $702
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $141.9 $661
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $124.1 $618
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $105.4 $573
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $76.2 $529
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $58.9 $494
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $51.2 $447
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $53.1 $441
1989 $16,525 - $51.3 -
1988 $16,391 - $39.9 -
1987 $15,136 - $41.1 -
1986 $12,170 - $42.4 -
1985 $8,751 - $40.4 -
1984 $8,457 - $36.3 -
1983 $8,846 - $39.3 -
1982 $9,344 - $43 -
1981 $10,623 - $32.8 -
1980 $12,864 - $31.2 -
1979 $11,811 - $29.2 -
1978 $10,290 - $29.3 -
1977 $8,427 - $27.9 -
1976 $7,243 - $39.2 -
1975 $6,701 - $35.2 -
1974 $5,734 - $41.4 -
1973 $4,901 - $24.8 -
1972 $3,832 - $23.3 -
1971 $3,083 - $21.1 -
1970 $2,766 - $20.7 -
1969 $2,490 - $21.5 -
1968 $2,251 - $21.5 -
1967 $2,114 - $16.5 -
1966 $1,983 - $11.8 -
1965 $1,860 - $15.1 -
1964 $1,724 - $17.3 -
1963 $1,555 - $25.8 -
1962 $1,457 - $27.9 -
1961 $1,368 - $27.3 -
1960 $1,290 - $25.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/myanmar | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $1,359 in Myanmar, ranking 165/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Myanmar ranks 153rd at $5,997.

Economic indicators

Belgium Myanmar
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$74.1B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
85/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
-0.97%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$1,359
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
165/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$5,997
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
153/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$44B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
59.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$806
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
150/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$1,646
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
25.5%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
3.8%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
20.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
8.83%
2018-2019
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
1.48%
2020
Population
11902714
55292116

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Myanmar
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Myanmar
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 20.7% 59.3%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 21.4% 59.1%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 21.3% 56.1%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 20.9% 63.4%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 21.3% 49.1%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 20.5% 37.6%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 18.7% 39.9%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 19.7% 41.9%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 21.3% 35.7%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 23.7% 36.6%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 24.7% 34.5%
2013 55.9% 105% 23.9% 44.8%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 20% 48%
2011 55% 102.7% 15.6% 49.9%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 15.8% 54.4%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 14.4% 56.4%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 14.4% 59.8%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 15.7% 77.4%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 15.6% 103.1%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 14.6% 119%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 14.6% 126.6%
2003 51% 101.7% 14.3% 146%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 15.3% 190.6%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 19.1% 262%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 21.4% 164.5%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 22.8% 150.7%
1998 51% 119.2% 25.2% 208.6%
1997 51.6% 124.3% - -
1996 53.1% 129% - -
1995 52.6% 131.3% - -
1994 54.7% 137.1% - -
1993 57.1% 138.9% - -
1992 55.9% 134.7% - -
1991 55.6% 131.8% - -
1990 54.4% 130.3% - -
1989 52.3% 126.4% - -
1988 53.9% 129.7% - -
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/myanmar | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Myanmar spent $15.3B, or 20.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 59.3% in Myanmar, ranking 19/185 and 81/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Myanmar
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Myanmar
2024 -4.52% -5.06%
2023 -4.1% -5.18%
2022 -3.62% -2.82%
2021 -5.4% -2.47%
2020 -9.03% -6.5%
2019 -2.05% -4.7%
2018 -1.05% -2.77%
2017 -0.76% -3.42%
2016 -2.43% -2.53%
2015 -2.48% -4.33%
2014 -3.18% -1.06%
2013 -3.16% -1.53%
2012 -4.35% -2.7%
2011 -4.44% -4.82%
2010 -4.13% -5.4%
2009 -5.45% -3.55%
2008 -1.1% -2.73%
2007 0.07% -3.52%
2006 0.24% -3.42%
2005 -2.72% -3.49%
2004 -0.24% -4.62%
2003 -1.86% -4.24%
2002 -0.04% -4.01%
2001 0.23% -6.34%
2000 -0.08% -6.03%
1999 -0.65% -4.46%
1998 -1.03% -4.89%
1997 -2.15% -
1996 -4% -
1995 -4.51% -
1994 -5.29% -
1993 -7.71% -
1992 -8.42% -
1991 -7.67% -
1990 -6.99% -
1989 -7.58% -
1988 -7.28% -
1987 -7.89% -
1986 -9.96% -
1985 -10.1% -
1984 -10.8% -
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/myanmar | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Myanmar's deficit of $3.75B, or 5.06% of GDP.

Over the past 27 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 of those years, while Myanmar ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 2.49% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.95% of GDP for Myanmar.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Myanmar
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Myanmar
2024 3.14% -
2023 4.05% -
2022 9.6% -
2021 2.44% -
2020 0.74% -
2019 1.44% 8.83%
2018 2.05% 6.87%
2017 2.13% 4.57%
2016 1.97% 6.93%
2015 0.56% 9.45%
2014 0.34% 4.95%
2013 1.11% 5.64%
2012 2.84% 1.47%
2011 3.53% 5.02%
2010 2.19% 7.72%
2009 -0.05% 1.47%
2008 4.49% 26.8%
2007 1.82% 35%
2006 1.79% 20%
2005 2.78% 9.37%
2004 2.1% 4.53%
2003 1.59% 36.6%
2002 1.65% 57.1%
2001 2.47% 21.1%
2000 2.54% -0.11%
1999 1.12% 18.4%
1998 0.95% 51.5%
1997 1.63% 29.7%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/myanmar | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.87%, compared with 16.2% in Myanmar. In 2019, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 8.83% in Myanmar.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $13.4M
Raw materials & minerals $5.76M
Raw agricultural goods $3.85M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.92M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.68M
Machinery & equipment $1.16M
Wood & paper products $142K
Animal & marine products $130K
Miscellaneous $124K
Metals $15K
Myanmar
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $150M
Textiles & consumer goods $91.6M
Machinery & equipment $13.7M
Animal & marine products $3.83M
Metals $355K
Wood & paper products $138K
Miscellaneous $28K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10K
Chemicals & pharma $2K

Balance of trade

Belgium Myanmar
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
$67.7M
2019
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
71/190
2019
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
+0.09%
2019
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$13.7B
2019
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$10.8B
2019
Service imports
$164B
2024
$3.66B
2019
Service exports
$150B
2024
$6.68B
2019
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
24.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Myanmar
Economic freedom 69.2 44.5
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 180/197
Property rights 91.1 5.7
Government integrity 78.2 18.1
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 3.9
Tax burden 50.6 88.6
Government spending 14.6 86.6
Fiscal health 53.4 62.7
Business freedom 82.5 37.9
Labor freedom 57.5 53.2
Monetary freedom 76.8 57.5
Trade freedom 79.4 69.4
Investment freedom 85 30
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Myanmar
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Myanmar
2026 69.2 44.5
2025 69 43.7
2024 65.6 42.2
2023 67.1 46.5
2022 69.6 49.6
2021 70.1 55.2
2020 68.9 54
2019 67.3 53.6
2018 67.5 53.9
2017 67.8 52.5
2016 68.4 48.7
2015 68.8 46.9
2014 69.9 46.5
2013 69.2 39.2
2012 69 38.7
2011 70.2 37.8
2010 70.1 36.7
2009 72.1 37.7
2008 71.7 39.5
2007 72.5 41
2006 71.8 40
2005 69 40.5
2004 68.7 43.6
2003 68.1 44.9
2002 67.6 45.5
2001 63.8 46.1
2000 63.5 47.9
1999 62.9 46.4
1998 64.7 45.7
1997 64.6 45.4
1996 66 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/myanmar | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 44.5 for Myanmar, ranking 180/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Myanmar
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
41.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
37.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
20.8%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$65.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$5,890
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$9.34B
2023
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
81/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$1.74B
2019
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.31%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
24.8%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
n/a

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/myanmar | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.