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Economy of Greece vs Haiti compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Greece has a GDP of $256B compared to $25.2B for Haiti, ranking 53/197 and 117/197 by economy size, respectively.

Greece has $397B in government debt (154.8% of GDP), compared to $3.91B (15.5% of GDP) in Haiti.

Greece vs Haiti GDP by year

Greece
Haiti
1x
Year GDP, current $
Greece Haiti
2024 $256,238,371,778 $25,224,154,991
2023 $242,946,187,738 $19,850,585,722
2022 $217,990,189,601 $20,253,551,921
2021 $218,303,801,895 $20,944,387,976
2020 $191,362,985,555 $14,508,222,518
2019 $207,305,649,887 $15,016,090,930
2018 $213,298,873,494 $16,403,864,618
2017 $200,381,103,984 $15,093,357,161
2016 $193,097,239,006 $14,069,277,526
2015 $194,567,373,678 $14,849,629,309
2014 $233,911,581,521 $15,146,883,498
2013 $236,556,279,641 $14,902,488,604
2012 $238,841,140,018 $13,708,925,477
2011 $283,228,079,776 $13,008,746,039
2010 $296,417,644,404 $11,859,312,725
2009 $326,829,054,686 $11,597,002,835
2008 $351,121,399,546 $10,432,962,635
2007 $314,226,996,944 $9,228,637,768
2006 $269,073,415,334 $7,638,739,123
2005 $242,315,668,619 $7,030,149,730
2004 $234,979,615,898 $6,087,360,684
2003 $196,930,509,813 $5,071,947,798
2002 $150,253,800,086 $6,205,847,214
2001 $132,050,474,720 $6,331,970,324
2000 $125,760,166,225 $6,813,566,099
1999 $137,131,371,955 $4,153,725,884
1998 $139,612,812,176 $3,723,903,724
1997 $138,766,067,640 $3,338,949,152
1996 $142,502,984,145 $2,907,517,604
1995 $134,974,613,914 $2,813,313,279
1994 $114,980,063,202 $2,167,569,046
1993 $107,295,704,518 $1,878,253,767
1992 $114,608,178,405 $2,257,129,792
1991 $103,680,863,713 $3,473,562,628
1990 $96,529,587,274 $3,096,289,800
1989 $78,067,933,277 $2,736,243,800
1988 $75,200,610,137 $2,613,926,800
1987 $64,739,630,096 $2,047,200,000
1986 $55,595,445,472 $2,318,000,000
1985 $47,155,741,426 $2,009,400,000
1984 $47,352,146,312 $1,816,200,000
1983 $48,741,397,059 $1,623,600,000
1982 $53,858,346,939 $1,474,200,000
1981 $51,618,456,335 $1,479,400,000
1980 $56,039,256,595 $1,383,800,000
1979 $53,724,121,435 $1,080,600,000
1978 $43,654,480,519 $974,200,000
1977 $35,673,080,481 $947,000,000
1976 $30,719,552,239 $879,000,000
1975 $28,129,128,587 $681,400,000
1974 $24,998,715,909 $565,399,322
1973 $22,037,019,563 $466,798,973
1972 $16,650,659,091 $371,998,958
1971 $14,388,806,818 $362,800,000
1970 $12,957,113,636 $331,200,000
1969 $11,454,106,327 $391,820,400
1968 $9,950,331,206 $367,968,800
1967 $9,146,592,856 $369,124,200
1966 $8,472,021,467 $368,948,600
1965 $7,582,209,670 $353,251,800
1964 $6,576,906,345 $325,281,200
1963 $5,813,285,627 $294,883,400
1962 $5,140,542,929 $281,896,800
1961 $4,892,397,431 $271,066,000
1960 $4,274,890,307 $273,187,200

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/haiti | CC BY

GDP per capita in Greece vs Haiti by year

Greece
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Greece Haiti
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $24,626 $44,327 $2,143 $3,194
2023 $23,344 $42,711 $1,706 $3,292
2022 $20,887 $39,612 $1,761 $3,275
2021 $20,655 $33,531 $1,841 $3,145
2020 $17,887 $29,533 $1,290 $3,103
2019 $19,335 $31,927 $1,352 $3,237
2018 $19,873 $29,792 $1,496 $3,197
2017 $18,632 $28,682 $1,395 $3,339
2016 $17,919 $27,505 $1,318 $3,253
2015 $17,981 $26,608 $1,411 $3,026
2014 $21,475 $26,450 $1,460 $3,076
2013 $21,573 $25,731 $1,458 $3,042
2012 $21,624 $24,583 $1,361 $2,830
2011 $25,505 $25,693 $1,312 $2,858
2010 $26,653 $27,839 $1,210 $2,695
2009 $29,425 $29,963 $1,197 $2,855
2008 $31,696 $30,441 $1,095 $2,724
2007 $28,441 $28,896 $985 $2,647
2006 $24,416 $28,076 $829 $2,504
2005 $22,054 $25,004 $776 $2,427
2004 $21,449 $24,826 $683 $2,322
2003 $18,021 $23,253 $579 $2,331
2002 $13,782 $21,985 $721 $2,248
2001 $12,157 $20,304 $749 $2,230
2000 $11,638 $18,820 $821 $2,229
1999 $12,743 $17,758 $510 $2,201
1998 $13,023 $17,434 $465 $2,152
1997 $13,016 $16,630 $425 $2,122
1996 $13,433 $15,778 $377 $2,070
1995 $12,779 $15,218 $372 $1,989
1994 $10,937 $14,667 $292.1 $1,807
1993 $10,257 $14,150 $258.1 $2,048
1992 $11,021 $14,130 $316 $2,158
1991 $10,047 $13,824 $497 $2,273
1990 $9,467 $13,126 $452 $2,202
1989 $7,738 - $407 -
1988 $7,492 - $397 -
1987 $6,474 - $318 -
1986 $5,578 - $367 -
1985 $4,747 - $325 -
1984 $4,785 - $299.2 -
1983 $4,950 - $272.8 -
1982 $5,502 - $252.6 -
1981 $5,305 - $258.5 -
1980 $5,812 - $246.5 -
1979 $5,627 - $196.2 -
1978 $4,629 - $180.3 -
1977 $3,832 - $178.7 -
1976 $3,343 - $169.1 -
1975 $3,109 - $133.6 -
1974 $2,789 - $113 -
1973 $2,468 - $95.1 -
1972 $1,873 - $77.3 -
1971 $1,629 - $76.8 -
1970 $1,474 - $71.5 -
1969 $1,306 - $86.1 -
1968 $1,138 - $82.4 -
1967 $1,053 - $84.2 -
1966 $984 - $85.7 -
1965 $887 - $83.6 -
1964 $773 - $78.5 -
1963 $686 - $72.4 -
1962 $608 - $70.4 -
1961 $583 - $69 -
1960 $513 - $70.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/haiti | CC BY

Greece's GDP per capita is $24,626, ranking 49/197, compared to $2,143 in Haiti, ranking 153/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Greece ranks 52nd at $44,327, while Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194.

Economic indicators

Greece Haiti
Gross domestic product
$256B
2024
$25.2B
2024
GDP rank
53/197
2024
117/197
2024
GDP growth
2.09%
2023-2024
-4.17%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$24,626
2024
$2,143
2024
GDP per capita rank
49/197
2024
153/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$44,327
2024
$3,194
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
52/197
2024
177/197
2024
Government debt
$397B
2024
$3.91B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
154.8%
2024
15.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$38,119
2024
$332
2024
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2024
176/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$14,396
2026
$1,896
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$83.2B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
16
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
26%
2023
31.2%
2012
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2023
2.1%
2012
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48%
2024
5.25%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.74%
2023-2024
26.9%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
10%
2024
14.1%
2012
Population
10181414
12076663

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Greece
Spending

Debt
Haiti
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Greece Haiti
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 48% 154.8% 5.25% 15.5%
2023 49.5% 165.2% 6.46% 28.5%
2022 52.8% 178.4% 8.33% 29.5%
2021 56.7% 197.8% 9.42% 28.9%
2020 59.3% 209.9% 9.86% 22.3%
2019 47.6% 183.7% 9.59% 26.5%
2018 48.6% 189.6% 11.3% 24.1%
2017 48.5% 182.6% 10.2% 22.5%
2016 50.3% 183.7% 10.5% 24.4%
2015 51.9% 180% 12.7% 23.9%
2014 51.5% 182.8% 14.6% 21.4%
2013 53% 180.5% 15.9% 25.1%
2012 54.9% 164.3% 16.4% 24.1%
2011 55.1% 175.1% 14.1% 22.3%
2010 53.1% 147.8% 12.6% 24.9%
2009 54.8% 128.5% 11.6% 19.4%
2008 51.5% 110.9% 11.2% 33.9%
2007 47.8% 104.6% 11.1% 24.4%
2006 45.9% 105.3% 9.67% 32.2%
2005 46.6% 109.9% 8.75% 29.7%
2004 48.8% 105.5% 7.38% 30.4%
2003 47.9% 104.3% 7.83% 37.8%
2002 47.1% 107.9% 6.64% 32%
2001 47.5% 110.5% 6.11% 28.8%
2000 48.2% 108.9% 6.25% 32.5%
1999 48% 102.8% 6.91% 24.1%
1998 46.7% 100.8% 5.4% 24%
1997 45.1% 102.6% 5.46% 26.2%
1996 46.1% 103.7% - 26.2%
1995 46.6% 100.4% - 26.2%
1994 36.9% 99.7% - 35.3%
1993 38.6% 101.7% - 98%
1992 36.9% 81.1% - 118.9%
1991 35.2% 75.7% - 80.7%
1990 38.5% 74.2% - 85.1%
1989 34.8% 60.7% - 98.7%
1988 33.8% 57.9% - 90.9%
1987 34% 53.2% 32.4% 58.6%
1986 33.8% 47.8% 15.1% 26.5%
1985 34.2% 47.3% 17.4% 25.6%
1984 32% 40.6% 16.9% 27.3%
1983 30.2% 34.1% 21.9% 28.9%
1982 28.7% 29.7% 20.7% 25.5%
1981 28.1% 27.1% 17.4% 23.7%
1980 24.5% 22.8% 17.2% 20.3%
1979 24.1% 22.7% 13.1% 19.8%
1978 30.1% 32.3% 18.9% 20.1%
1977 30.1% 24.5% 16.7% 18.5%
1976 29.1% 23.7% 13.4% 14.9%
1975 28.7% 24.1% 12.8% 14.2%
1974 25.3% 22.5% 9.24% 13.3%
1973 24.3% 22% 9.4% 8.92%
1972 26.8% 26.5% 11.2% 11.1%
1971 25.8% 25% 11.2% 11%
1970 25.2% 24.7% 11.4% 12.5%
1969 29.7% 25.8% 10.1% -
1968 26.3% 23% 10.3% -
1967 24.6% 21.1% 7.52% -
1966 22.8% 19% 7.2% -
1965 21.7% 16.5% 7.91% -
1964 20.4% 21.3% - -
1963 19.5% 22.6% 8.95% -
1962 19.7% 16.6% - -
1961 19.3% 14.4% - -
1960 20% 13.4% 7.34% 21.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/haiti | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government spending was $123B, accounting for 48% of its GDP, while Haiti spent $1.32B, or 5.25% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 154.8% in Greece and 15.5% in Haiti, ranking 7/185 and 177/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Greece

Haiti
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Greece Haiti
2024 1.34% 6.96%
2023 -1.35% 0.77%
2022 -2.46% -1.75%
2021 -7.58% -2.45%
2020 -10.3% -1.96%
2019 -0.09% -1.99%
2018 0.78% -1.13%
2017 1.05% -0.32%
2016 0.28% 0.12%
2015 -3.03% -1.47%
2014 -4.29% -3.64%
2013 -4.06% -3.98%
2012 -6.94% -2.71%
2011 -10.5% -1.43%
2010 -11.4% -1.5%
2009 -15.4% -2%
2008 -10.3% -1.8%
2007 -6.81% -1.55%
2006 -6.04% -0.91%
2005 -6.33% -0.83%
2004 -9.05% -1.34%
2003 -8.05% -2.24%
2002 -6.2% -1.8%
2001 -5.64% -1.55%
2000 -4.21% -1.36%
1999 -6.02% -1.54%
1998 -6.48% 0.21%
1997 -6.25% 0.37%
1996 -8.35% -
1995 -9.87% -
1994 -8.48% -
1993 -11.5% -
1992 -10.6% -
1991 -9.63% -
1990 -13.3% -
1989 -11.9% -
1988 -9.63% -
1987 -8.09% -4.94%
1986 -8.62% -1.4%
1985 -9.56% -0.97%
1984 -7.19% -3.52%
1983 -6.17% -5.72%
1982 -5.49% -3.93%
1981 -7.08% -4.38%
1980 -2.5% -5.68%
1979 -2.34% -2.21%
1978 -5.39% -3.24%
1977 -5.21% -2.85%
1976 -5.05% -1.16%
1975 -5.3% -1.73%
1974 -4.39% 0.23%
1973 -3.71% 0.03%
1972 -4.16% 0.24%
1971 -3.32% -0.08%
1970 -3.24% -0.19%
1969 -6.65% -0.39%
1968 -3.39% -0.46%
1967 -2.59% 0%
1966 -2.17% 0%
1965 -2.55% 0%
1964 -2.89% -
1963 -2.25% 0%
1962 -2.4% -
1961 -2.69% -
1960 -3.3% 0.006%
1959 -2.77% -1.11%
1958 -2.27% -2.21%
1957 -2.45% 0.28%
1956 -0.39% -2.18%
1955 -3.57% -0.86%
1954 -2.87% -0.81%
1953 -3.01% -1.01%
1952 -7.21% -
1951 -11.5% -
1950 -12.7% -
1949 -10.4% -0.12%
1948 -7.65% 0.21%
1947 - 1.06%
1946 - 0.51%
1945 - 0.47%
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -0.21%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 0.48% -0.16%
1938 1.78% 0.15%
1937 1.06% -0.08%
1936 0.95% -0.06%
1935 0.72% -0.2%
1934 0.88% -1.23%
1933 -2.79% 0%
1932 -1.78% 0.4%
1931 -4% -0.49%
1930 -2.23% -0.52%
1929 -18.7% -0.32%
1928 -0.27% -0.25%
1927 2.65% 0.73%
1926 - -0.45%
1925 - 0.05%
1924 - -0.14%
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -8.96% -
1912 -7.43% -
1911 -4.61% -
1910 -1.53% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.54% -
1907 -1.23% -
1906 0.66% -
1905 0.91% -
1904 -0.04% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.67% -
1901 0.1% -
1900 0.41% -
1899 0.86% -
1898 -34.5% -
1897 -8.46% -
1896 0.82% -
1895 0.37% -
1894 2.91% -
1893 0.14% -
1892 -2.28% -
1891 -6.48% -
1890 -11.2% -
1889 -15.7% -
1888 -3.59% -
1887 -4.88% -
1886 -11.5% -
1885 -12.1% -
1884 -7.16% -
1883 -2.42% -
1882 -1.69% -
1881 -14.5% -
1880 -13.5% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/haiti | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.43B, equivalent to 1.34% of GDP. This compares to Haiti's surplus of $1.76B, or 6.96% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Greece recorded a fiscal deficit in 61 of those years, while Haiti ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, Greece posted an annual deficit equal to 5.79% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.42% of GDP for Haiti.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Greece

Haiti
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Greece Haiti
2024 2.74% 26.9%
2023 3.46% 36.8%
2022 9.65% 34%
2021 1.22% 16.8%
2020 -1.25% 22.8%
2019 0.25% 18.7%
2018 0.63% 12.5%
2017 1.12% 10.7%
2016 -0.83% 11.5%
2015 -1.74% 6.73%
2014 -1.31% 3.44%
2013 -0.92% 4.77%
2012 1.5% 5.02%
2011 3.33% 6.33%
2010 4.71% 4.83%
2009 1.21% 0.39%
2008 4.15% 15.3%
2007 2.9% 6.56%
2006 3.2% 11.3%
2005 3.55% 14%
2004 2.9% 21%
2003 3.53% 28.7%
2002 3.63% 7.03%
2001 3.37% 13.3%
2000 3.15% 9.33%
1999 2.64% 3%
1998 4.77% 5.27%
1997 5.54% 20.6%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/haiti | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Greece has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 13.5% in Haiti. In 2024, inflation was 2.74% in Greece and 26.9% in Haiti.

Top exports between countries

Greece
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $78K
Machinery & equipment $60K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $34K
Textiles & consumer goods $21K
Wood & paper products $12K
Chemicals & pharma $4K
Metals $2K
Haiti
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Greece Haiti
Current account balance
-$18.2B
2024
-$145M
2024
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2024
92/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.11%
2024
-0.58%
2024
Goods imports
$91.2B
2024
$4.27B
2024
Goods exports
$52.6B
2024
$767M
2024
Service imports
$31.1B
2024
$518M
2024
Service exports
$55.8B
2024
$96.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.7%
2024
18.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.1%
2024
3.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Greece Haiti
Economic freedom 63.2 46.1
Economic freedom ranking 82/197 178/197
Property rights 78 6.6
Government integrity 54.8 13
Judicial effectiveness 68 17.3
Tax burden 59.9 81.7
Government spending 24.7 98.7
Fiscal health 78.9 99.5
Business freedom 77.8 30.7
Labor freedom 59.7 54.7
Monetary freedom 72.6 45.1
Trade freedom 79.4 66.4
Investment freedom 55 20
Financial freedom 50 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Greece
Haiti
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Greece Haiti
2026 63.2 46.1
2025 60.6 46.1
2024 55.1 48.2
2023 56.9 49.9
2022 61.5 50
2021 60.9 50.8
2020 59.9 52.3
2019 57.7 52.7
2018 57.3 55.8
2017 55 49.6
2016 53.2 51.3
2015 54 51.3
2014 55.7 48.9
2013 55.4 48.1
2012 55.4 50.7
2011 60.3 52.1
2010 62.7 50.8
2009 60.8 50.5
2008 60.6 49
2007 58.7 51.4
2006 60.1 49.2
2005 59 48.4
2004 59.1 51.2
2003 58.8 50.6
2002 59.1 47.9
2001 63.4 47.1
2000 61 45.7
1999 61 45.9
1998 60.6 45.7
1997 59.6 45.8
1996 60.5 41
1995 61.2 43

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/haiti | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Greece is 63.2, ranking 82/197, compared to 46.1 for Haiti, ranking 178/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Greece Haiti
Services, % of GDP
68%
2024
48.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
15%
2024
33.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.77%
2024
15.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$236B
2024
$20.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$43,340
2024
$3,190
2024
Total reserves including gold
$15.2B
2024
$2.72B
2024
Total reserves ranking
67/177
2024
121/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
-$20M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$6.74B
2024
$20M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.22B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.15%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.8%
2021
58.5%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.3%
2024
9.94%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/haiti | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.